1. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a binding global multilateral trade agreement, which has promoted and regulated international trade for nearly half a century after the war. 19471On October 30th, 23 countries including the United States, Britain, China and France signed the agreement (1948+ 1 year1came into effect on October 30th). China is one of the 23 signatory countries of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and belongs to the contracting party of GATT. GATT plays an important role in regulating world trade. The World Trade Organization (WTO) replaced the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in June 1995+ 10/. The purpose of the World Trade Organization is: to improve living standards, ensure full employment, and substantially and steadily increase income and effective demand; Expand the production and trade of goods and services; Adhere to the road of sustainable development, and all members should promote the optimal utilization of world resources and protect and maintain the environment; Actively strive to ensure that developing countries, especially the least developed countries, get shares and benefits in the growth of international trade corresponding to their economic development level. Compared with GATT, WTO has the following characteristics: WTO is an international organization, while GATT is a multilateral trade agreement; In terms of the functions under the jurisdiction of WTO, it covers new fields such as service trade, intellectual property trade and related investment measures, while GATT only deals with goods and goods trade; The WTO has an arbitration institution. GATT resolves trade disputes through negotiation.
2. The International Monetary Fund is a worldwide intergovernmental international organization. The organization was established in February 1945 in accordance with the final resolution of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference and its annex, the International Monetary Fund Agreement, which was adopted by the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in July 1944. The main task of the International Monetary Fund is to stabilize the international exchange rate, eliminate foreign exchange controls that hinder world trade, promote international cooperation on monetary issues, and help member countries solve their demand for foreign exchange funds when international expenditures are temporarily difficult through short-term loans. The highest authority of the International Monetary Fund is the board of directors, which is composed of representatives of member countries. The executive board of the fund deals with day-to-day business issues. China is a founding member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and has resumed its legal seat in the IMF.
3. The World Bank, also known as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, was established in February 1945 according to the final resolution of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference and its annex. At the beginning of its establishment, its purpose was to devote itself to the post-war European economic recovery, and then turned to global development assistance, that is, to provide long-term loans and technical assistance for productive investment in member States. At present, it mainly provides government-guaranteed project loans to developing countries, which has long construction period and low profit, but it is also necessary for economic and social development.