Introduction: once a person is old, his bones begin to decline, which is particularly prone to osteoporosis. What about osteoporosis? What is good for osteoporosis? What are the treatment methods of osteoporosis? Like osteoporosis? Then I gave a detailed answer to this. Let's take a look.

Osteoporosis is treated differently for men and women.

According to the report issued by the International Osteoporosis Foundation, bones can be strengthened by taking vitamin D, taking enough calcium and protein, and carrying out weight-bearing and muscle strengthening every day.

However, if you have cramps, short fractures, etc. Or have entered menopause, or even the bone mineral density detection value is particularly low, it is not enough to rely solely on these basic therapies. You must also take anti-osteoporosis drugs to effectively slow down bone loss and increase bone density.

After menopause, you need to take medicine regularly to fight osteoporosis.

Generally, women are most likely to suffer from osteoporosis within 5 ~ 10 years after menopause, and men are over 70 years old, and the older they are, the higher the incidence rate is.

Dr. Feng Xiaoli, the attending physician of the Department of Endocrinology, xinqiao hospital, Third Military Medical University, said that the choice of drugs should be particular, and there should be differences between men and women: in the early menopause (before the age of 60), the uterus and * * * have not changed, and the bone density can be enhanced by supplementing estrogen; If you have been menopausal for many years and have no menopausal symptoms, you can supplement estrogen receptor modulators. "There are estrogen receptors in the uterus, * * and bones. Estrogen regulator only binds to estrogen receptor in bone, which obviously shows estrogen-like activity, while it has anti-estrogen activity in breast and uterus, which inhibits bone absorption, so it is not * * * * and uterus, and can be taken for a long time. However, those with a history of venous embolism and a tendency to thrombosis are prohibited from staying in bed for a long time and sedentary. "

In men, bisphosphonates can be used for diagnosis, whether intravenous or oral. Long-term adherence to bisphosphonates can increase bone density and prevent fractures. Of course, women can also choose this kind of medicine.

Calcitonin is better for low back pain.

People with severe osteoporosis will have backache, limb weakness, hunchback, cramps, fractures and other physical discomfort. If osteoporosis patients are accompanied by pain, calcitonin can be used, which can not only inhibit osteoclasts and slow down bone loss, but also have a central analgesic effect and help to relieve pain.

However, because calcitonin has an "escape" effect, that is, the effect will be weakened after taking it for a period of time, so the drug can be stopped after the pain and discomfort disappear, generally not more than two months.

Three misunderstandings in the treatment of osteoporosis

With the increase of age, the risk of osteoporosis in the elderly gradually increases. Because osteoporosis will bring pain and easily lead to osteoporotic fractures, the elderly are afraid of osteoporosis, and the exaggerated propaganda of calcium supplementation in advertisements has led many elderly people to supplement calcium blindly. In fact, excessive calcium supplementation in the elderly is not only useless but harmful, which is caused by three misunderstandings in the understanding of the elderly.

Myth 1: calcium supplementation can cure diseases: many elderly people mistakenly believe that they are old and their bones are brittle. They should take calcium tablets to prevent osteoporosis. Actually, it's not like this.

Osteoporosis is a kind of systemic metabolic skeleton and a manifestation of human aging. Osteoporosis usually occurs in women who are 5 to 10 years after menopause and men who are 65 to 70 years old. Both men and women generally reach the highest bone mass in their lives at the age of 30 ~ 35, which is called peak bone mass. After that, the bones began to lose. It can be seen that you want to be tough when you are old, and you must lay a good foundation before you are 35 years old. The foundation is thick, and there are many left when you get old. Therefore, a large amount of calcium supplementation in the elderly can not reverse the trend of bone loss, nor can it cure osteoporosis.

Myth 2: Don't argue about the cause: Osteoporosis is mainly divided into two categories, namely primary osteoporosis and secondary osteoporosis. For different types of osteoporosis, the treatment methods are different, so calcium must be supplemented indiscriminately, otherwise complications will occur. Secondary osteoporosis, such as osteoporosis caused by calcium malnutrition, calcium supplementation is very effective; For primary osteoporosis, it can't be treated by supplementing calcium. The vast majority of osteoporosis in the elderly belong to primary osteoporosis, and such elderly people should be treated under the guidance of doctors. Blind calcium supplementation has no effect.

At present, there is no effective means to cure osteoporosis in the world, and all we can do is to prevent and slow it down. As advertised, osteoporosis can be cured by supplementing calcium, which is unreasonable.

Myth 3: The more calcium supplements, the better: Many elderly people mistakenly think that the more calcium supplements, the more absorption and the more bone formation. Actually, it's not like this. Usually, people over 60 need to consume 800 mg of calcium every day. Excessive calcium supplementation will not turn into bones if the calcium content in the blood is too high. It can lead to hypercalcemia and complications, such as kidney calculi's disease and vascular calcification, which is harmful to the elderly.

Osteoporosis

After the occurrence of osteoporosis, in addition to conventional drug treatment, reasonable diet and nutrition will also help patients improve their symptoms. The following are several prescriptions for osteoporosis for your reference:

◇ [Fang Yi] Soybean and Pig Bone Soup

Raw materials: 250g of fresh pig bone, 0/00g of soybean/kloc.

Method: Soak soybeans for 6-8 hours in advance; Cleaning fresh pig bones, cutting, boiling in water, and removing blood stains; Then put the pig bones into a casserole, add 20 grams of ginger, 200 grams of yellow wine, a proper amount of salt, and add water 1000 ml. After boiling, cook with slow fire until the bones are rotten, add soybeans and continue to cook until the beans are rotten. You can eat them. Daily 1 time, 200 ml each time, weekly 1 dose.

Efficacy: Fresh pig bones contain natural calcium and collagen, which can supplement bone growth. Soybean contains flavonoid glycosides, calcium, iron, phosphorus and so on. Can promote bone growth and supplement the nutrients needed by bones. This soup has a good effect on preventing bone aging and osteoporosis.

◇ [Formula 2] Mulberry beef bone soup

Raw materials: 25 grams of mulberry and 250-500 grams of bovine bone.

Method: Wash the mulberry, add wine and sugar and steam it. Put the beef bone in a pot, put it in water and boil it. After boiling, skim off the floating foam, add ginger and onion, and then cook it. When the bovine bone turns white, it means that the calcium, phosphorus and bone glue of the bovine bone have been dissolved in the soup. Then take out the beef bone, put it in steamed mulberry, boil it, remove the floating foam, and season it to eat.

Efficacy: Mulberry nourishes liver and kidney; Bovine bone is rich in calcium and collagen, which can promote bone growth. This soup can nourish yin and blood, tonify kidney and strengthen tendons, especially for osteoporosis and climacteric syndrome.

◇ [Fang San] Shrimp skin tofu soup

Ingredients: 50 grams of shrimp skin, 200 grams of tender tofu.

Methods: Wash and soak shrimp skin; Cut tender tofu into small cubes; Add chopped green onion, Jiang Mo and cooking wine, stir-fry in oil pan, and add water to make soup.

Efficacy: the calcium content of shrimp skin is as high as per 100g 99 1mg, and the calcium content of tofu is also very high. Drinking this soup often is effective for osteoporosis with calcium deficiency.

◇ [Formula 4] Pig Skin Dipsacus Decoction

Ingredients: 200g fresh pigskin, 50g dipsacus root.

Method: Wash fresh pigskin, remove hair and fat, cut into small pieces, put into a steamer, and add ginger 15g, yellow wine 100g, and appropriate amount of salt; Put the thick soup of Radix Dipsaci into the pot, add appropriate amount of water, and cook with slow fire until the pigskin is rotten, and serve. 1 day, 1 time, times.

Efficacy: Pigskin is rich in collagen, which plays an important role in cartilage, bone and connective tissue of human body. Dipsacus: It has the functions of strengthening tendons and bones and benefiting liver and kidney. This kind of porridge is beneficial to relieve the pain caused by osteoporosis and delay the occurrence of osteoporosis.

The British magazine Nature reported that postmenopausal women are prone to osteoporosis and fracture, which may be due to the lack of an important estrogen receptor in the body.

Scientists at the Royal College of Veterinary Medicine found through animal experiments that an estrogen regulatory protein molecule called "estrogen α receptor" is very important for maintaining the strength of bones. Without this receptor, it is difficult for estrogen to play its role. Scientists used experimental mice lacking "estrogen α receptor" in their bodies to carry out experiments and found that their bones would not proliferate when subjected to strong action. Bone cells extracted from this experimental mouse for tissue culture also show that tension does not make bone cells proliferate.

Under normal circumstances, when the bone is mechanically stretched, new bone cells will be produced to help bear the load and maintain the strength of the bone. Previous studies have found that estrogen is very important for this process in women.

Scientists say that this discovery suggests that the decrease of bone mass in postmenopausal women may be due to the lack of this receptor in the body, which will help treat osteoporosis in elderly women.

Osteoporosis day

Osteoporosis brings great inconvenience and pain to patients' lives, and the treatment effect is slow. Once a fracture occurs, it may be life-threatening. Therefore, special emphasis should be placed on the implementation of tertiary prevention.

1. Primary prevention: from children and adolescents, if you pay attention to reasonable dietary nutrition, eat more foods with high calcium and phosphorus content, such as fish, shrimp, shrimp skin, kelp, milk (including Camg 250ml), dairy products, bone soup, eggs, beans, miscellaneous grains, sesame seeds, melon seeds, green leaves, etc. Try to get rid of "risk factors" and stick to a scientific lifestyle, such as staying in the sun more, not smoking or drinking, drinking less coffee, strong tea and carbonated drinks, eating less sugar and salt, not eating too much animal protein, marrying late and having fewer children, and not having a long lactation period. Keeping calcium in the body as much as possible, enriching the calcium pool and increasing the peak value of bone are the best measures to prevent osteoporosis in later life. Strengthen the basic research of osteoporosis, and focus on follow-up and early stage for high-risk groups with genetic genes.

2. Secondary prevention: especially after menopause, the amount of bone loss is accelerated. During this period, bone mineral density should be checked once a year, and preventive measures should be taken as soon as possible for people with rapid bone loss. In recent years, most European and American scholars advocate that long-term estrogen replacement therapy should be started within three years after menopause, and at the same time, long-term preventive calcium supplementation or prevention with Gugupeptide tablets should be insisted to prevent osteoporosis safely and effectively. Japan advocates active vitamin D and calcium to prevent osteoporosis, and pays attention to actively treating osteoporosis-related diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, steatorrhea, chronic nephritis, hyperparathyroidism/hyperthyroidism, liver cirrhosis caused by bone metastasis, etc.

3. Tertiary prevention: Patients with degenerative osteoporosis should actively use drugs such as inhibiting bone absorption (estrogen, CT, Ca), promoting bone formation (active vitamin D) and bone peptide tablets, and strengthen measures to prevent falls, bumps, trips and bumps. Middle-aged and elderly patients with fracture should be actively operated, firmly fixed, early exercised, physically treated, psychologically treated, nourished, supplemented with calcium, relieved pain, promoted bone growth, inhibited bone loss, improved immune function and improved overall quality.

Degenerative osteoporosis is the basic law of bone development, growth and aging, but it is regulated by hormones (mainly PTH osteoclasts: estrogen, CT osteogenesis; Two-way adjustment of Vit D3), nutritional status, physical factors (sunshine, weight), immune status (general physical fitness), heredity, lifestyle (smoking, drinking, coffee, eating habits, mental mood), economic and cultural level, and medical security. If we can strengthen our self-awareness, improve our self-level and actively intervene scientifically, degenerative osteoporosis may be delayed and prevented.

4. Four-level prevention: advocate calcium supplementation from an early age, with a balanced diet and sufficient amount, and bask in the sun for about 15 minutes every day to obtain the most natural calcium source and have a scientific understanding of osteoporosis. For example, it is unscientific to think that phosphate hinders the absorption of calcium.

Phosphate is a ubiquitous mineral in nature and an essential nutrient for all living things. Phosphate not only plays an important role in human energy metabolism, but also is the main component of human bones and teeth.

From 65438 to 0994, experts in osteoporosis and bone health were organized by the National Institutes of Health to hold a meeting entitled "Optimal Calcium Intake". The independent report of experts pointed out: "Phosphate has not been found to have any substantial effect on the absorption or loss of calcium". After reviewing the report of experts from the National Institutes of Health, the American Medical Association believes that the effect of phosphate on calcium absorption is "negligible from a physiological point of view".

65438-0997 The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences looked up the scientific data about phosphate and found that phosphate had no negative effect on calcium absorption. Therefore, it can be concluded that for most age groups, it is not necessary to link calcium absorption with phosphate intake.

In 2000, the conference on osteoporosis sponsored by the National Institutes of Health announced once again that phosphate and caffeine in food would not cause osteoporosis on the premise of normal diet.

In 2004, the report of the US Secretary of Health on bone health and osteoporosis once again analyzed the scientific data. According to the report, under normal circumstances, the effect of phosphate on calcium absorption can be ignored.

Tips: To sum up, we know that men and women use different drugs to treat osteoporosis, so we must pay attention to this in the future. You might as well do more of these defensive measures!