1982, King Juan Carlos I of Spain named him Marquis of Popol, and together with Picasso and Matisse, he was considered as the three most representative painters in the 20th century.
Chinese name: El Salvador Domingo filippo jacinto Dali-Domenech mbth: El Salvador Domingo Felipe jacinto Dali-Domenech Alias: El Salvador Dali Nationality: Spain birthplace: figueres, Catalonia, Spain Date of birth: 1. 1 1, May 1904 Date of death:1989 65438+1October 23 Occupation: painter's main achievements: one of the most representative painters in the 20th century, the representative works of cubism and surrealism: Eternity of Memory, An Andalusian Personal Works, Personal Life, Portrait, Biography Salvador Dali/KOOC-0/904+0/KOOC-0 was born in Figueras in May, and/KOOC-0/989/KOOC-0 died on October 23rd. He is a painter with outstanding talent and imagination. He turned the subjective world of dreams into an objective and exciting image, and made great contributions to surrealism and art in the 20th century. Salvador dali1May, 904 1 1 was born in a small town in figueres, Spain, and spent his childhood there. His birthplace is only about 16 miles from France. Dali's father is a notary and his family is well-off. He once set up his first art studio for Dali in Kadax, a small fishing village by the sea. Salvador dali was very active in his childhood and adolescence, which was especially important for his later career. Some anecdotes of this period, whether true or false, are the basis of many lasting images of him in the future, and his relationship with his parents and his wife Gallas plays a decisive role in the formation of his artistic personality. Dali always liked the scenery of his childhood, surrounded by the great plains of Figueras and the coast of Catalonia, with olive groves and pointed bald rocks. These ancient and sad landscapes not only serve as the background, but also enter his paintings as creatures. Apart from Picasso, salvador dali is probably the most famous and respected painter in the 20th century. 1939 After growing up, Dali and his wife Galla set up their own family in the nearby port of Liegat. Many of his works reflect his love for Port of Spain. 1922 young Dali came to study at san fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. Here, Dali's paintings made him famous. He explored cubism in his paintings and attracted the attention of outstanding figures in the Spanish art world, such as Federico? Galicia? Lorca and Pei Bin? Peyo? Bunuel. His talent was first discovered by the world in his solo exhibition in 1925 Barcelona. At the 3rd Carnegie International Exhibition in Pittsburgh from 65438 to 0928, he exhibited three works, such as Basket of Bread, which won him an international reputation. The following year, Dali held his first solo exhibition in Paris. In the same year, he joined the surrealist school led by Andrei Brayton, a former Dada member. It was in this year that Dali met Gallas in Kadaks, when she happened to visit Dali with her husband and poet Paul Elude. Since then, Gala has become Dali's favorite, his business manager and the main source of inspiration. Soon, Dali became the leader of the surrealist movement. His work "Persistence of Memory, Eternity of Memory" depicts a soft clock, which is one of the most outstanding surrealist works in the world today. However, as the war approached, Dali, who had always been indifferent to politics, clashed with other surrealists and was finally expelled from the surrealist group in an "interrogation" in 1934. However, in the next ten years, he can still appear in the international surrealist works exhibition. Around 1940, Dali formed a new style-this period was his "classic" period-which showed his concentration on science and religion. During World War II, Dali and Gallas fled Europe and spent eight years in the United States from 1940 to 1948. This period is a very important period in Dali's life. He not only has rich artistic activities, but also regained his Catholic faith. 1934, Dali (left) and artist man ray held his first large-scale retrospective exhibition for Dali in new york Museum of Modern Art 194 1. In the same year, Dali asked Jainism? The hut submitted a play called Moon Tide. 1942, Dali published his autobiography The Private Life of salvador dali. In a novel published by 1944, he also wrote an article about automobile trends. Edwin was born here? Cox's comic book Miami Pioneer. In the process of Dali's transformation from surrealism to his classic period, Dali began to create his 19 large-scale oil paintings, many of which involved scientific, historical and religious themes. These 19 large-scale oil paintings have become a series, the most famous of which is the illusive matador, Christopher Columbus's discovery of America and the last supper sacrament. Dali's life is full of legends. In addition to his paintings, his articles, eloquence, movements, looks and beards have left a confused impression on those who appreciate him. Dali studied fine arts in Madrid and Barcelona when he was young. He absorbed various artistic styles and showed his extraordinary skills as a painter. However, it was not until the late 1920s that two things made his painting style mature. First, he discovered Freud's important works about subconscious images; Secondly, he made friends with a group of brilliant Parisian surrealists, who tried to prove that the human subconscious is a "more important reality" beyond reason. In order to produce images from the subconscious, Dali began to induce hallucinations in himself by a method called "paranoid critical state". After Dali discovered this method, his painting style quickly matured. His paintings from 1929 to 1937 made him the most famous surrealist artist in the world. In his dream, he juxtaposed, twisted or deformed ordinary objects in a strange and unreasonable way. Among these riddled images, the most famous one is "Eternity of Memory" (193 1). In this painting, a soft, flexible and melting watch sets off a terrible and calm landscape. Dali also co-produced two surreal films with Spanish film director L bunuel, namely An Andalusian Dog (1928) and The Golden Age (1930), which are also full of grotesque but suggestive images. In the late 1930s, under the influence of Raphael, a Renaissance painter, Dali's paintings turned to a more classical style. After that, he spent a lot of time designing stage scenery, interior decoration of fashionable shops and jewelry. During the period of 1950 ~ 1970, he had many paintings with religious themes, but he still explored * * *, depicted the themes of childhood memories, and made his wife Gallas the central image of these themes. Although these late paintings are skillful, their objective evaluation is lower than that of early works. Among Dali's works, the most interesting and revealing is The Secret Life of salvador dali (1942 ~ 1944). Many of his works are full of violence and criticism of traditional social asceticism. His representative works include Eternity of Memory, The Shrew and the Moon, The Omen of Civil War, etc. From 65438 to 0974, Dali established Teatro exhibition hall in figueres, and then held retrospective exhibitions in Paris and London before the end of 1970s. Since 1982, Dali's health has gone from bad to worse. 1984, he was burned again in a fire accident in Pubor's home, and his health deteriorated. During this period, Dali spent most of his time isolated from the world, first staying in Pubol, and then moving to a private apartment near Teatro Exhibition Hall. 19891On October 23rd, Dali died of heart disease and respiratory complications. Chronology of events1May, 904 1 1, born in Figueras, Spain. 19 14, studying in Figueras Catholic Middle School, has shown his talent in painting. 19 18, crazy about color. On May 2nd, it was exhibited for the first time in the exhibition of local painters' paintings held in Figueras Theatre. 19 19 He wrote articles about art regularly and began to contribute to the commentary magazine Stadium run by Figueras Public Middle School. 192 1 year, he entered the Santa Fe Du Nan School of Fine Arts in Madrid to study sketch, oil painting and sculpture. 1922 Eight works were exhibited at Damao Gallery in Barcelona. 1923, arrested for having no ideological inclination, and imprisoned in Figueras and Gulona for 35 days. 1925, Barcelona Damao Gallery held its first solo exhibition, which attracted the attention of Picasso and Miro. During 1926, I visited Picasso in Paris, and Picasso was deeply impressed by Dali's works. 1929, I went to Paris for the second time, with the purpose of filming bunuel's film An Andalusian Dog, and I met Carla and fell in love. 193 1 was first exhibited in Pires Collet Gallery, and then twice in three years. From 65438 to 0932, Eternity of Memory was first exhibited in julien Levy Gallery, which aroused great curiosity of new york art lovers and was the beginning of Dali's works' success in the United States. 1933, Julian Levy Gallery in new york held a solo exhibition for the first time. In February 65438, it was exhibited at the Catalonia Art Museum in Barcelona. 1934, Dali held his first solo exhibition in England at Zwimmer Gallery in London. 165438+ 10, Dali and Gallas arrived in new york for the first time on the submarine plain. 65438-0935 gave a speech entitled "Surrealism Painting and the Image of Paranoid Patients" at new york Museum of Modern Art. 1936 In May, surreal objects were exhibited in Raton Gallery, and Dali brought his designs "Kant Monument" and "* * * * coat" to the exhibition. 1937, he fled to Italy to escape the war and stayed at Edward James' house. He studied with James and became familiar with Renaissance and Baroque art.. 1938 65438+ 10, participated in the surreal exhibition "Taxi in Rainy Days" in Paris Art Museum. 1939 Dali and Chaplin went to new york again and participated in the solo exhibition opened in Julian Levy Gallery on March 2 1. 1940, when the Nazi invasion was imminent, Dali left Europe again and lived in the home of Charles crosby, Virginia, USA. Then go to pebble beach in Carmel, California. 194 1 June, the ballet labyrinth premiered in metropolitan opera. Opera scripts, sets and costumes are all written and designed by Dali. From 65438 to 0942, the new york Museum of Modern Art held a retrospective exhibition of Dali's works, which was successively exhibited in eight other American cities. Dramatic works were staged during 1944: Cafe Ginita, Sentimental Discussion and Crazy Tristram. 1945, the nuclear bullet explosion in Hiroshima inspired Dali to start his "nuclear" or "atomic" scientific stage. 1946, returned to Europe and prepared to settle in the port of Corgat, Spain. It's about thirty miles from my hometown of Figueras. From 65438 to 0949, he became interested in religious themes and harmonious geometry theory. 1950 65438+ 10, Dali published the memorandum in new york. From 65438 to 0954, retrospective exhibitions of important works were exhibited in Rome, Venice and Milan. 1960 February, Columbus discovered America and exhibited it in new york. Around 1960, Dali and his pet performed the ballet of Gallas for the first time in Venice 196 1. Dali designs sets, props and costumes. Morris. Directed by Bergert. 1964, he was awarded the Grand Cross of Isabel of Spain. Diary of a Genius was published in May. From 65438 to 0965, the Museum of Modern Art in New York exhibited a retrospective of all Dali's important works. At this time, he became interested in photography and two-dimensional art, and/kloc-0 published "Abnormal Desire" in 969, which is the most * * * work of his paranoid critical state technique. 1970, he and Spanish architect Emilio Pé rez Pinheiro studied the preliminary plan of building the Tali Museum in figuera. 197 1 year, the Dali Museum in Cleveland, Ohio officially opened. Dali's first painting collection, Oui, was published. 1972, new york Nordler Gallery exhibited his photographic works. 1972 Dali1974 In March, a retrospective exhibition was held at the stoddard Art Museum in Frankfurt. On September 18, Figueras Dali Museum opened. From 65438 to 0975, Nikon sponsored a photo exhibition with the theme of "Dali, paranoid critical state method, objective contingency, the third dimension". 1976 10 A copy of Alchemy of Philosophers is kept in the National Library of Paris. 1April, 978, the first ultra-cubist work was exhibited in new york Gujinhan Museum. 1980, a retrospective exhibition of Dali's main works was held at Ted Gallery in London. 1982, his wife Carla died of illness. Dali lived in seclusion in Empoda. Some of his creations are new themes designed by himself, and some are based on Michelangelo's works. 1983 On April 5th, the King and Queen of Spain cut the ribbon for the exhibition "19 14 to 1983 Selected 400 Dali Works" held by the Spanish Museum of Contemporary Art in Madrid. On March 27th, 1984, Gala salvador dali Foundation was formally established in Figueras. 1986, wandering in front of his bed, closing the door, only the medical team and the closest collaborators can get close to him. 1988 1 1 month, her condition deteriorated and she was sent to Kelon Hospital in Barcelona. In the hospital, the king of Spain visited him personally, and Dali gave him a poem. 1989, heart attack, 65438+ died in Figueras hospital on123 October. His body was preserved with preservatives. Buried in Dali Museum. The vivid surrealist painting of "Surrealism" personal works is one of the most influential movements in modern western literature and art. The second generation of surrealist painters include Pierre Roy, Don Quixote, Magritte, paul delvaux Cox and salvador dali. This group of painters, based on detailed and realistic description of details and recognizable parts of objects, aims to show a living environment that completely violates the natural organizational structure, combine fantasy with unfamiliar environment, and show the dreams in the artists' hearts. Some people also call this painting naturalistic surrealism. As the main representative of the movement in the field of fine arts, Dali has always been the object of people's attention and debate. The only difference between me and a madman is that I am not a madman. Every morning when I wake up, I am experiencing an extreme happiness, that is, the happiness of being Dali. You don't need to see Dali's beard sticking up to the sky, nor do you need to see his fantasy works. These extraordinary quips alone are enough to make you imagine what kind of person he is. Dali's reputation is mainly attributed to his self-promotion ability, but more importantly, his whimsical special talent. His whimsy stems from the hard-to-capture materials in life, such as sex, death, metamorphosis and the sky. He used to juxtapose things illogically. Turn the inspiration generated by emotional stimulation into a creative process, add your inner absurdity and strangeness into the external objective world, distort the familiar things, and then affirm them with fine * * * technology, thus making the fantasy real and credible. Dali has always claimed that he is the savior of modern art and culture. He is making great achievements and winning epoch-making victories every day: going to Paris, meeting Gallas, pastoral poetry and surreal revolution ... In order to obtain contradictory visual images, he usually paints these created images very carefully and accurately. Perhaps it is this meticulous realistic brushwork and these clear but unreal images that are so disturbing. Salvador dali admitted that he showed a "personal dream and illusion revealed by Freud". In order to find this surreal illusion, like Dr. Freud, they explore the consciousness of mental patients and think that their words and actions are often sincere reflections of the subconscious world, which is invisible in daily life. For surrealist painters, these are precious materials. Therefore, in many of Dali's works, concrete details are always described and arbitrarily exaggerated, deformed, omitted and symbolized to create a "surreal realm" between reality and fantasy, concreteness and abstraction. Reading his paintings, people can understand all the details, but on the whole, it feels ridiculous, horrible, illogical, grotesque and mysterious. This "subconscious" landscape is actually a subjective "conception" of the painter, and it is not a subconscious or subconscious emotional expression at all. A premonition of a civil war Dali agrees that people should cultivate real fantasies, just like clinical paranoia, but there are still some residual consciousness behind the spirit of people who accept sexual control. These residual consciousness make people in a static state. He also advocates that delusional ways should not be used only in daily work. In daily life, he often deliberately indulges his eccentric behavior. For example, he appeared in a diving suit at the opening ceremony of 1936 surrealist art exhibition in London. His favorite illusion images often appear repeatedly, such as human figures with many half-opened drawers, wax-like softened hardware objects, slender animal legs and objects flying around without center of gravity, and so on. In a sense, the "surrealism" defined by Dali is more famous than the definition of surrealism first published by Britten (André Breton, 1896- 1966, French poet) in 1924. This does not mean that there are essential differences between them. Only Dali, because of his paintings, his articles, his eloquence, his actions, his appearance and his lifestyle, vividly created this kind of "surrealism" deeply imprinted in the hearts of the public, making it no longer just black and white. Dali has the greatest influence and the longest duration in surrealist painting. Not only his paintings, but also his articles, eloquence, movements and clothes are all promoting his "surrealism". He can be said to have surpassed their surrealist school in exerting and using his imagination. Some of his works not only convey irrationality, pornography, madness and a certain degree of social philosophy, but also sometimes reflect people's fashion mentality. During Dali's 70-year artistic career, everything he did stunned us. In those strange and absurd remarks, the rating "Master" became Dali's brand. In the history of Spanish painting, together with velazquez, Goya, Miro, Picasso and other painting masters, he set off the beautiful sky of Spain and made a legend of the history of Spanish painting. Dali's supercilious eyes always stare at the world gloomily. Salvador dali likes to describe scenes in dreams, distorting or deforming ordinary objects in a strange and unreasonable way. Dali's description of these objects is meticulous and almost lifelike. They are usually placed in very desolate but sunny landscapes. Among these riddles, the most famous one is probably Eternity of Memory. The eternal oil painting "Eternity of Memory" was created in 193 1 year, which is a typical representative of Dali's early surrealist painting style. The picture shows an empty beach, where a monster like a horse lies. Its front part is like a human skull fragment, and only eyelashes, nose and tongue are absurdly combined. There is a platform next to the monster, and a dead tree grows on the platform; The most surprising thing is that several clocks and watches in this painting have become soft and plastic. They appear soft and collapse, or hang on branches, or put on platforms, or put on monsters' backs. It seems that these clocks and watches made of hard materials such as metal and glass have been used up for too long, so they are all loose. "Eternity of Memory" Dali admitted that he showed a kind of "personal dreams and hallucinations revealed by Freud" in the painting "Eternity of Memory", which was not his choice. He recorded his subconscious mind and the results of every thought in his dreams as accurately as possible. Moreover, in order to find this surreal illusion, Dali once went to a mental hospital to understand patients' consciousness, thinking that their words and deeds are often the most sincere reflection of the subconscious world. By using his skillful skills, Da carefully depicts those bizarre images and details, creating a sense of reality that makes people hallucinate, allowing the audience to see a bizarre and interesting scene that can't be seen at all in real life and experience the liberation of mental patients from the real world order. Facial Phantom and Fruit Bowl In Dali's works, people can also find another feature: he mixes the incoherent fragments in the real world. For example, in Face Phantom and Fruit Bowl, people can see the fantastic scenery in the upper corner, the bay and waves, mountains and tunnels, and at the same time present the shape of a dog's head. The collar of the dog's head is a cross-sea railway viaduct. Dogs soar in mid-air-the middle of a dog's body consists of a fruit bowl full of pears, which blends with a girl's face. The girl's eyes are made up of the beach and some strange shells. The beach is full of mysterious and grotesque illusions. Just like in a dream, some things, such as ropes and tablecloths, are unexpectedly and clearly revealed, while others are difficult to distinguish. Facial phantom and fruit bowl Dali's works make people sigh: this may be the real charm of surrealist painting. Dali's method of comparing illusory images with magical realism makes his paintings stand out among all surrealist works. In his life, he has created countless works of art that are deeply loved and widely known. These works all shine with the light of his genius and bring infinite reverie to the world. Personal life Dali is an artist with extraordinary talent and imagination. His works are surprisingly mixed with strange dreamlike images, excellent painting skills and painting skills influenced by Renaissance masters. He is keen to do something out of line to attract others' attention, which affects his public artistic image and makes his art lovers and critics extremely distressed. Dali extended surrealism to various fields: oil painting, sketch, etching, sculpture, architecture, photography, drama, film, literature and silverware, and also expressed his peculiar and rich imagination in jewelry design in a unique way. He uses gold, platinum and precious stones (diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, aquamarine, topaz, etc.). ), pearls, corals and other noble materials to create mythical symbols of the heart, lips, eyes, plants, animals and religions, and give them unique anthropomorphic forms. Salvador dali personally selected each material, not only for color or value, but also for the connotation and symbolic significance of each gem or precious metal. Some jewels, such as eye time (1949), imperial heart (1953), or elephants in space (196 1), are considered to be his paintings using jewels and become his important works. Salvador dali said, "If you don't have an audience and there is no audience, jewelry won't be created to realize it. The audience is the ultimate artist, in his eyes, heart and mind, or trying to instill the ability to understand the life of the creator of large or all jewels. " Dali's love for jewelry, to a great extent, comes from his passion for his lover Gala. In his opinion, only the strangest ideas can be worthy of the woman he loves most. He once designed a heart-shaped brooch for her. The heart-shaped base made of gold is inlaid with rubies, symbolizing blood and blood vessels. But the most shocking thing is that this brooch will beat with her every step, like a really beating metal heart! "Every morning when I wake up, I am experiencing an extreme happiness, that is, the happiness of being Dali!" This is Dali. Collection As the most outstanding private collection of salvador dali's works in the world except Barcelona, Parkview Green Grassland will permanently collect more than 40 sculptures by masters. The original names of salvador dali's sculptures on display in Parkview Green Grassland are: The Virgin of Liegat Harbor, the Virgin Trunk Pie Swan and Elephant CINSE· Elefonte in Liegat Harbor, and the terrible face of Queen Reina caracol of Cara Colca Ramon Strusa in Somerset. The goddess of victory, Las dos Nikes la Dovle Vicrotia de Samotracia, rode Trajan TRANJANO A CABALIO.