I find that everyone is very concerned about the social insurance they pay

But concern doesn't mean understanding. Everyone is unclear about exactly what insurance they have paid and how to use these insurances.

In order to let everyone realize and understand their rights and interests and better protect themselves

First of all, everyone should realize that social insurance is a better insurance than commercial insurance. The reasons are as follows:

1. Social insurance is a national welfare guarantee undertaking that is not for profit, while commercial insurance is for profit. Generally speaking, the charge of commercial insurance is much higher than that of social insurance of the same specification ~

2. There are more aspects of social insurance protection than general commercial insurance. Commercial insurance generally only covers medical care or old-age care, and social insurance can generally cover five risks at the same time, and in medical care, The advantages of social insurance are very prominent

3. The standard of social insurance is constantly improving every year. The country will adjust the social security base according to the basic salary of employees at the beginning of July every year, and the adjustment ratio is still very high, generally increasing by more than 1% every year. That is to say, the higher the money you get in the future, the biggest advantage of this is that the impact of inflation can be eliminated to a relatively small extent, and even commercial insurance will adjust the return. But generally speaking, it will not rise faster than social insurance. In a word, the working students who have not participated in social insurance should participate in social insurance as soon as possible, and the working students who have participated in commercial insurance but have not participated in social insurance should also participate in social insurance as soon as possible. < P > So, how is social insurance specifically constituted?

Nowadays, when students go out to find a job, they often hear that the company pays three insurances and one gold or five insurances and one gold. Yes, this means that the company is willing to pay social insurance for you, but according to the state regulations, you have to pay a part at the same time, which involves the composition and proportion of social insurance. Each province and city has its own standards, so it is not the same, but it is not much different. Take Nanjing where I live as an example:

social insurance = endowment insurance+medical insurance+unemployment insurance+industrial injury insurance+maternity insurance+housing accumulation fund

(Note: the practice of the above five insurances and one fund may be different in different regions, and your company may not pay all the five insurances and one fund for you. For example, some units in Nanjing do not pay medical insurance for employees but only pay the remaining four insurances and one fund, while some units only pay the accumulation fund instead. )

The specific proportion of social security is:

Old-age insurance: the unit pays 21% for you every month, and you pay 8% yourself;

medical insurance: the unit pays 9% for you every month, and you pay 2% plus 1 yuan for serious illness co-ordination (serious illness co-ordination mainly covers hospitalization);

unemployment insurance: the company pays 2% for you every month, and you pay 1% yourself;

industrial injury insurance: the company pays .5% for you every month, and you don't have to pay any money yourself;

maternity insurance: the company pays .8% for you every month, and you don't have to pay any money yourself;

housing accumulation fund: the company pays 8% for you every month, and you pay more than 8%

. So, the social security ratio paid by the company every month should be 21%+9%+2%+.5%+.8%+8%=41.3%

The social security ratio paid by yourself every month should be 8%. The proportion paid by the company and that paid by you should be 413:19, which means that if you pay 19 yuan for your social security every month, the company will put 413 yuan into your social security account, and the money added to your social security account every month should be 413+19=63 yuan < P >, so the social security fee paid by the company is actually more than twice as much as yours. So don't feel bad when you pay the social security fee every month ~ You should know that the company pays much more than you do, but it is the company that feels bad-+

Yay ~ Anyway, back to the three insurances and one gold and five insurances and one gold, everyone should have seen it here. In fact, the three insurances and one gold mentioned in the Jianghu are completely equal to five insurances and one gold, except that the three insurances and one gold are paid by you personally (pension+medical care+unemployment+) Five insurances and one gold are from the insurance paid by your company (pension+medical care+unemployment+work injury+maternity+provident fund). It's just nice to say that three insurances and one gold are five insurances and one gold ~

Except that the company can pay social security for you, students who are unemployed but have income or students who have a company but don't pay social security can also pay social security themselves, but individuals can only pay pension insurance+medical insurance. Work-related injuries, childbirth, unemployment and provident fund, which you can't pay personally

The composition and proportion of social security are introduced above. What is the base of social insurance payment?

Just now, the students already know that the proportion of social security paid by the unit and that paid by you is almost 413:19, so now another question comes out: What is the relationship between the social security premium paid by yourself every month and this proportion? How is the social security premium determined?

You may not have noticed that every province and city issues a "minimum payment base for social insurance" every year in early July. This base is determined after statistics and calculations based on the average salary+benefits+various subsidies of employees in the previous year. The minimum base announced by Nanjing in July this year is 1,189 yuan. What does this mean? It means that as long as Nanjing is a regular unit that pays social insurance for employees, The money paid for each employee every month is at least 1189×41.3%=491 yuan, while the employee has to pay at least 1189×19%+1=236 yuan every month, so the social security fee that you and your company should pay every month comes out < P > But now there are new problems. The wages of employees in Nanjing are very different. Some people get 1 yuan a month, while others get 1 yuan a month.

Please note that this 1189 is the lowest base, and there is the highest base above 1189. The highest base in Nanjing this year seems to be more than 8,, and I have forgotten the details. Anyway, if your salary is below 1,189 yuan per month, the company must pay 1,189× 41.3% = 491 yuan for you according to 1,189 yuan, and you have to pay at least 1,189× per month. This is the significance of 1189 as the minimum payment base of social security: even if you get 1 or 8 yuan a month, you must pay at least 1189 every month!

but if your salary is higher than 1189, for example, you get 3, yuan a month, then when your company goes to the labor bureau to pay insurance for you (your company and the social security fees you pay are deducted by the labor bureau), you should say to the labor bureau, "Yeah, we have a comrade here who gets 3, yuan a month. Please deduct the social security fee according to the standard of 3, yuan ".Then the Labor Bureau will deduct your company and your money with 3, yuan as the payment base and then transfer it to your social security account. At this time, your company should pay 3,× 41.3% = 1,239 yuan for you every month, and you should pay 3,× 19%+1 = 58 yuan

every month. If your salary is above 1189 yuan, then you should pay according to your actual salary every month, unless your salary is higher than the maximum base. If you get 1 yuan a month and the maximum base is 8 yuan, you and your company should pay 8 yuan.

Here, we want to expose the shameless practices of some companies, which may give you thousands of wages every month. But when they go to the Labor Bureau to declare your base number, they will not report it according to your actual salary. For example, if you get 3, yuan a month, they may say that you only get 1,189 yuan, and then the Labor Bureau only deducts 1,189× 19%+1 = 236 yuan from you every month. I'm afraid you are still very happy, because you think it's wrong to deduct less money from you. If so, your company is shameless! Because the company pays more than twice as much as you, the less you pay, the less they pay! If you calculate according to your actual salary of 3, yuan, they should pay you 3× 41.3% = 1,239 yuan in social security fees every month, while if you calculate according to 1,189 yuan, they only pay 1,189× 41.3% = 491 yuan for you every month! So in fact, you suffered a big loss! Regular companies will only report to the labor bureau according to your actual salary and deduct the money! Only those cheap companies will pay you according to the minimum standard no matter how high your salary is! ! Don't think that the less you deduct from your social security fee every month, the better! ! Maybe you have been shamelessly bullied by the company and you have no idea! ! !

it's very simple to determine what the company pays for you: if you deduct 3 yuan of social security every month, your base is almost 3÷19%≈1578 yuan. Please see if your salary is this amount. If your salary is obviously higher than 1578, for example, you actually get 3 or 4 yuan every month, you must have been bullied by the company. After being bullied, you can be bullied. Generally speaking, you should be sure when you sue, but it is best to find the evidence (such as salary slips) before you sue, otherwise you will not be able to get along in the company after you sue-+< P > It should be noted again that the proportion of social security is different in different places. If you are not in Nanjing, your contribution ratio is probably not 19%, but it will certainly not be too bad. For example, your base may be 2% or 22%. Therefore, although 19% is the proportion of Nanjing, students from other places can also calculate their own cardinality

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Let's talk about

as I said before, social insurance = endowment insurance+medical insurance+industrial injury insurance+maternity insurance+unemployment insurance+housing accumulation fund

Let's talk about endowment insurance first

Generally, this insurance will be paid for 15 years before retirement, so students who want to get a pension must start paying it 15 years before their retirement. This is almost the same outside Nanjing.

If you have paid the old-age insurance for less than 15 years at retirement age, the state will refund all the 8% pension saved in your personal account to you when you retire.

Then you will ask, where did the 21% paid by the company go?

You can't expect the state to give it to you. After you retire and take your personal money, the state will transfer all 21% of the money paid by the unit to the national pension fund, and this money has nothing to do with you anymore.

You may say: Damn it! That's my money. Why don't you give it to me?

Because that's what the state stipulates-+

When returning money, only the money withheld by the individual is returned to the individual, and all the money paid by the company for him has contributed to the country-+

Let's take a look at how the pension is calculated when you retire.

The algorithm of pension is very complicated, because the state changes the payment base once a year, for example. Your current payment base is 3, yuan, and if the retirement age is 55 years old, you must start to pay the old-age insurance before you are 4 years old, and if you start to pay at the age of 3 now, it is 25 years to pay 55 years old, then first of all, you must enjoy the pension. Secondly, if the payment base of 3, yuan you paid after 25 years has become 6, yuan (I said if), Then when you are 55 years old, you can get a basic pension of 6×2%=12 yuan every month, which is given to you by the state. In addition, the money in your personal account has accumulated a lot in 25 years. Just average the payment base, (3+6)÷2=45. Then you should have 4,5× 8% (the proportion of individuals who have paid endowment insurance )× 25× 12 months = 18, yuan in your personal account in the past 25 years, so you can get 18, ÷ 12 = 9 yuan every month in addition to the previous 1,2 yuan, so that you can get at least 1,2+9 yuan every month from the age of 55. In this way, in addition to your own 9 yuan each year, you will get more than 1,2 yuan every month after retirement, and your pension will certainly increase

So the more you pay for old-age insurance, the better, and the more you pay, the more you will enjoy after retirement. Moreover, after the national base is adjusted every year, you will get more and more money. Now it is possible to pay 1,5 yuan after 1 years

That is, no matter where you pay social security fees, when you retire, you can only go back to the place where your account is located to enjoy local retirement benefits. So, people who pay social security in places with high base but enjoy pensions in places with low retirement base will lose a lot. Why do you say that? Let me give you an example. If you worked in Nanjing when you were young, paid social security for 2 years and then retired, but if your registered permanent residence is in Heilongjiang, you must go back to Heilongjiang to enjoy the pension. If you paid in Nanjing for 2 years, the average base is 3, (I said if), and when you retired, the contribution base in Heilongjiang is only 1, (I said if), then you can only enjoy the treatment of 1, when you retire! This is a loss! In a word, if you pay social security in a rich place but go back to a poor place to enjoy social security when you retire, you will pay a lot but enjoy very little in your life! Paying 3 yuan may only enjoy 1 yuan! This is a terrible thing, but there is nothing we can do. This is the policy of the country. Therefore, please pay attention to all the students who are currently registered in places with low base such as the west but work in places with high base such as Beijing or Shanghai. You can either pay social security in the west or move your account to Beijing or Shanghai before retirement, otherwise you will be doing a business with a huge loss in life.

Then maybe you will say, if my account is in Nanjing, I will pay it in Heilongjiang for 2 years. Do you think Nanjing Labor Bureau will just let you enjoy it? ! In general, Nanjing will find a reason to directly refuse your transfer! At that time, you will be smarter than you are: you can't enjoy it in Heilongjiang and you can't enjoy it in Nanjing!

However, some places have some relaxed regulations on this situation. For example, Nanjing allows you to transfer back to Nanjing from a place with a low base five years before retirement, and then continue to pay a high base in Nanjing for five years.