Pension insurance in the United States is divided into three parts, namely the federal pension system, private annuity plans, and individual pension plans.

(1) Federal Pension System The federal pension system is the most basic pension insurance system in the United States. It was founded in 1935, starting from the Social Security Act passed by the U.S. Congress that year. It has been continuously supplemented and revised since then, and the basic provisions are still in use.

to date.

The laws of the U.S. federal government stipulate that the retirement age of employees is 65 for both men and women, and they must pay taxes for 40 quarters (with a 10-year payment period) before they can enjoy benefits.

Pension insurance premiums are paid entirely by employers and employees and are not borne by the government.

The cost of pension insurance is raised by the state through social security taxes, which are paid by employers and employees at the same tax rate.

The amount an employee should pay is calculated in segments based on his or her annual salary.

The annual salary below 55,000 US dollars is taxed at 7.65, of which 6.2% is used for pension, survivors and disability insurance, and 1.45% is used for medical insurance for those over 65 years old; the annual salary is 5.5%.

USD 50,000 to USD 130,000.

Investment 1.45% (for medical insurance) is taxed; annual salary above $130,000 does not require tax.

Employers pay taxes at the rate their employees pay.

For every dollar of tax revenue, 73 cents are spent on pensions, 19 cents on health care, and 8 cents on disability.

The federal retirement system stipulates through regulations that full pension may be enjoyed at the age of 65. At the same time, early retirement is allowed, but the pension is reduced. Employees can retire up to the age of 62 in advance, but for each month of early retirement, the pension is reduced by 0

. 56%; for example, retiring at the age of 62 can only get 80% of the pension of a normal retiree at the age of 65; retiring at the age of 63 can only get 86%; retiring at the age of 64 can only get 93%.

After reaching the age of 65, retirement can be postponed for up to 5 years, and the pension is increased by 0.25%.

For example, if you retire at the age of 66, you can get 103% of the pension of a normal retiree at the age of 65; if you retire at the age of 67, you can get 106%... If you retire at the age of 70, you can get 130%. For those who retire after reaching the age of 70, the pension will not be

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The federal pension system's replacement rate averages about 50%.

(2) Private annuity plan Private annuity plan is established voluntarily by each enterprise.

The U.S. government provides tax incentives to employers to encourage them to establish "private annuity plans" for their employees.

If a company withdraws US$100,000 from its annual turnover of US$1 million as a "private annuity plan" for its employees, the US$100,000 is tax-free.

The "private annuity plan" under this tax-advantaged policy is a powerful supplement to the U.S. federal retirement system.

Currently, 60% of employees in the United States participate in private annuity plans.

There are two main types of "private annuity plans": The first type is a defined benefit method, that is, the employer promises employees how much pension they will give after retirement, and the actuary calculates and determines the annual savings amount based on the promise.

Most companies adopt this approach.

The second is the payment method, that is, determine how much to pay first, and then determine the retirement amount based on the accumulated amount (including principal, interest, investment profits, etc.) when you retire. This method does not require a guarantee from a pension guarantee company.

(3) Personal pension plan is a personal savings insurance personal pension plan. Participation is voluntary. Generally, individuals contribute 3/4 of the savings and enterprises contribute 1/4. The federal government provides support and encouragement through exemption from income tax.

No tax is paid when depositing, and then tax is paid when withdrawing. This is also a tax deferral method.

The maximum deposit amount for this plan is US$2,000 per year and must be deposited before April 15 of each year.

The deposits, together with the interest, can be received after retirement, or you can continue to deposit them in the bank, but they must be used when you reach 70 years old.

Those whose annual salary exceeds a certain amount cannot participate in this plan.

The specific standards are: the annual salary of unmarried people exceeds 35,000 US dollars, and the annual salary of married people exceeds 50,000 US dollars.

2. Social insurance management system and funding guarantee in the United States. Social insurance in the United States is centrally managed by the federal government’s social security (security) deployment, with unified methods and vertical leadership.

There are more than 65,000 social security (security) staff in *** across the country. Social security (security) bureaus have been established in 10 major regions, with 13,000 subordinate offices, responsible for handling social security (security) business.

County, state (city) local governments are only responsible for supplementary protection plans.

40 telephone consultation centers have been set up across the country to accept inquiries and consultation calls from citizens.

Developed more than 10,000 pages of information on the Internet using 11 languages ??for citizens living at home and abroad.

The country collects US$568.4 billion in social security taxes every year, and extracts US$3.8 billion in administrative expenses every year, with the withdrawal ratio being about 7%.

Calculated based on the 65,000 staff members nationwide, the annual management cost per person is nearly US$60,000, which provides a guarantee for the development of social security (security) business.

3. Advantages of the American pension insurance system (1) The social security mechanism is relatively complete, the management is highly unified, and the binding force is strong.

The basic pension security in the United States is centrally and uniformly managed by the federal government.

The federal government established the General Administration of Social Security (Security), which is responsible for the formulation of laws related to national social pension insurance and the guidance of national policy operations.