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Maksimov (максиов. K.m)1913-1993, a native of Shatrov village, Ivanov state, the former Soviet Union. He used to be a professor in the Oil Painting Department of Surikov Academy of Fine Arts, a winner of Stalin Prize for Literature and Art in the former Soviet Union, and a people's artist in the Russian Federation. Entrepreneurial Work, Young Underground Worker, Liu Hulan and other works representing the achievements of oil painting in the 1950s. An outstanding painter and educator in the history of art education in New China. From 1955 to 1957, as a consultant of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, he trained a group of students and teachers of fine arts colleges for new China. The first art outline of New China was born, and the idea of paying attention to structure and external light in painting had a great influence on China's painting.

Chinese name

Maksimov constance, Dante McFahy, Evich.

Foreign name

Максимов Константин Мефодьевич

nationality

Russia

birthplace

Russia

date of birth

19 13

date of death

1993

occupation

Soviet painters and teachers

graduated institutions

Surikov Academy of Fine Arts

Major achievements

Russian Federation People's Artists

1950 won the Stalin medal.

1952 won the Stalin medal.

representative works

September 1, Introduction, Young Underground Workers, Liu Hulan, etc.

From 65438 to 0935, Maksimov entered the studio of Professor Ryazhski of Moscow Academy of Fine Arts (now National Surikov Academy of Fine Arts), and after graduation, he taught in the Oil Painting Department of Moscow Surikov Academy of Fine Arts. Winner of Stalin Prize for Literature and Art in the former Soviet Union, people's artist of the Russian Federation.

1954, through the exchange of visits between the top leaders of the literary and art departments of China and the Soviet Union, the former Soviet Union finally assigned Maksimov to China to complete the art teaching and creation assistance.

1955 February 17, Maksimov arrived in Beijing as a lecturer and consultant of the oil painting training class of the Central Academy of Fine Arts.

1in the winter of 1993, Maksimov, an unforgettable painter and educator in the history of art education in new China, died in Moscow at the age of 80.

Maksimov, a name that China people are increasingly familiar with. When you inadvertently read the art chapters after the founding of the People's Republic of China, works representing the achievements of oil painting in the 1950s, such as Starting from Home, Young Underground Workers and Liu Hulan, will suddenly appear in front of your eyes. They are all from the Central Academy of Fine Arts 1955- 1957, a famous oil painting training class. The instructors of this class are Constantine McFahy and Evey Maksimov (. [ 1]

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, according to the international political situation at that time and its own revolutionary struggle experience, the emerging Republic of China pursued a "one-sided" policy and learned from the "big brother" of the Soviet Union by sending overseas students and inviting experts. The Central Academy of Fine Arts held an oil painting training course taught by Soviet experts. 1In February, 955, the former Soviet Union appointed Maksimov, a professor of oil painting at the National Surikov Academy of Fine Arts and winner of the Stalin Prize for Literature, to take charge of teaching and concurrently serve as an adviser to the Central Academy of Fine Arts. As a result, this young Soviet painter became one of the central figures in China's art world in the 1950s.

Maksimov came to China at the age of 43. He is thin and short, not the strong Russian man you think. In the oil training class, he is older than the monitor and Xu Beihong's apprentice Feng Fasi; As for Ai Zhongxin's introduction, he is one and a half heads shorter than Zhan Jianjun, who later became famous for writing "Starting from Home", so that Zhan can only listen to his advice from above. However, Maksimov people's teaching attitude, strong work enthusiasm, rich teaching experience and humorous language expression have impressed most students who are exploring oil painting teaching. Many people remember that Maksimov worked very hard in teaching. Although his work in China is mainly based on oil training courses, he also takes into account the business training in the workshop of People's Fine Arts Publishing House, which is equivalent to another "off-campus oil training course". Since there were few pictures available for oil painting teaching in the early days of the People's Republic of China, not to mention the original European oil paintings, Maksimov often painted with his students, letting them know the physical properties and performance skills of oil painting through demonstrations, and his skillful color modeling ability often amazed the students around him. This is true not only for indoor sketch models, but also for outdoor sketch training in hot summer. As usual, Maxim works side by side and back to back with the students. In the field, I can't see that he is a Soviet expert, but more like an ordinary farmer, with bare arms and a brush, sweating. Most of Maksimov's works in China were done with students in this way. Now, these works are not only historical witness of Sino-Soviet artistic exchange in 1950s, but more importantly, they are a vivid and intuitive "original textbook" in the history of oil painting education in New China.

In addition, many parties were impressed by Maksimov's teaching ability. Ai Zhongxin, a famous oil painting educator, recalled that Maksimov's lectures were very beautiful and the students liked them very much, because he could not only focus on the picture problem, but also often take the classic works and famous schools of European art history as examples to explain the methods they used in dealing with similar problems, which was difficult for most teachers at that time due to the limitations of objective conditions. Jin Shangyi, former president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, has repeatedly said that it was Maksimov who gave him a clear understanding of "what is structure and how to express it", which inspired him a lot in the understanding and practice of modeling. At the same time, it is commendable that Maksimov, as an expert, often attends some important teaching meetings inside and outside the school. His attitude of actively encouraging but not avoiding problems shows his enthusiasm and professionalism in sincerely helping the construction of oil painting education in New China. He once commented bluntly: "China painters can deal with the most complicated problems in watercolor painting, including expressing sunshine, and can also shape the body with skilled brushstrokes and colors, and draw the sky once without drawing it twice; However, in oil painting, it has become very timid, painting colors on canvas is very monotonous, the things drawn have no freshness and color sense, and the colors of the works are gloomy and dirty. Obviously, oil painting is still inexperienced, the method of painting with oil color is not mastered, and it is not good at expressing sunshine.

However, Maksimov also has some "problems". When drawing up the teaching outline of oil painting, Maksimov also showed a tendency not to go beyond the Soviet-style teaching barriers, copying or even excavating the rules and regulations of Soviet teaching to a certain extent, and was not good at (or afraid of) being flexible according to the actual situation in China, so that the calculation of the course proportion had to be after the decimal point, which made the leaders and secretaries in charge of teaching in the oil painting department dare not say anything, but were somewhat dissatisfied. Of course, this dogmatic approach does not exclude Maksimov's ideological burden of "fear of falling out", because in terms of his actual teaching process, his performance is obviously much more free and less bound by rules and regulations. Generally speaking, Maksimov's performance in oil painting teaching and creation is as diligent, honest and disciplined as his life. He is an honest man who is diligent and follows the rules! From the perspective of oil painting creation and teaching, this is not only his advantage, but also his shortcoming, which can be said to be one of his characteristics.

It seems that it can also be said that following the rules, being honest and clean are the important reasons for Maksimov's extensive influence in China. Through his diligent, solid and step-by-step teaching work, the students in the oil training class have been systematically and comprehensively trained in the teaching methods of oil painting in the former Soviet Union, and their understanding of the creation and teaching characteristics of oil painting, a foreign painting, has been improved. Their daily work and graduation works show that the first generation of senior oil painting teachers trained in New China have technically changed the face of "local oil painting" in the early days of the People's Republic of China. However, it may be because of honesty that Maksimov's artistic life gradually declined after returning to China. Although skilled, he has never formed a strong personal style. He devoted his life to the sincere friendship between China people and his family, which made him unable to keep up with or even contradict the development situation of the former Soviet Union after the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, and even left Surikov Academy of Fine Arts. After the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, life in Maksimov became more and more embarrassing. However, his students and friends in China have not forgotten him. They gave him timely financial assistance and sympathy, which made him feel the warmth from China. Every time there are visitors from China, Maksimov, with gray hair, always takes out the People's Daily, which published the graduation works of the oil training class that year, and carefully recalls the voice, smile and unforgettable trip to China of each student. It is not difficult to imagine that this kind of affectionate attachment and memory always accompanied his later life until 1993 died in Moscow in the winter. "During my time in China, I was enthusiastic and highly focused," Maksimov said many times in his later years.

Although it is difficult for Maksimov to rank among the first-class masters in the Soviet Union in terms of his lifetime artistic achievements, it is not important to us. What is important is that, as an excellent educator, he once played a positive and important role in the development of modern oil painting education in China. Although after Maksimov left China, the attention and publicity of the art world has gradually faded, especially after the reform and opening up, the art of Maksimov and even the former Soviet Union has basically disappeared from our reference field of vision. "The world is full of tidal currents", which is a natural thing, but from the perspective of respecting history, we can't ignore this specific historical period of the 1950s and 1960s. We invited them in and sent them to study the Soviet Union. Especially today, our art education is still related to the former Soviet model in terms of system and system. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully collect the materials at that time and make a historical and scientific research summary.

The key points of domestic art teaching in Maksimov: (1) to guide the basic practice and creative practice of oil painting training courses; (2) On the basis of the oil painting teaching system of the former Soviet Union, Maksimov assisted the Oil Painting Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts in formulating the teaching syllabus.

1In the summer of 957, Maksimov successfully completed the historical mission entrusted by China and the Soviet Union and returned to Moscow.

Famous students of Maximoff Training Course: Feng Fasi, Jin Shangyi, Hou Yimin, Zhan Jianjun, Wang and Yu Changgong.

Maksimov s teaching philosophy;

1. Attach importance to sketch, analyze colors and observe shapes through sketch, and emphasize the techniques of oil painting itself.

2. Establish the unity of opposites of color.

3. Cultivate color sense in sketch.

4. Do not copy the object, but analyze it.

Maksimov is an unforgettable painter and educator in the history of art education in New China. From 1955 to 1957, as a consultant of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, he trained a group of students and teachers of fine arts colleges for new China. With his help, the first art syllabus of New China was born. His thought of paying attention to structure and external light in painting had a great influence on China's painting. Today's famous oil painters in China, such as Jin Shangyi, Hou Yimin, Zhan Jianjun, etc., were all students of Maksimov Training Course (known as "Horse Training Course" in the industry). Maksimov died in Moscow in the winter of 1993 at the age of 80.

Appreciation of Maksimov's Works-

Maksimov's Works (6 pieces)

Teacher Maksimov passed away. This unfortunate news from afar has brought us deep sorrow and regret. Staring at this yellow photo taken 37 years ago, the vague memory gradually became clear.

It was the early summer of 1957, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De came to visit the graduation exhibition of our petroleum training class. The exhibition hall is located in the auditorium of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. On this sunny day, we waited in the campus early. Teacher Maksimov was very excited, accompanied by Comrade Jiang Feng and Mr. Wu Zuoren. The commander-in-chief is very interested in the exhibition, watching it carefully one by one and asking several questions from time to time. Finally, he walked to the front of Comrade Feng Fa's huge oil painting "Liu Hulan" and took this shot with everyone. Sitting in the middle is the commander-in-chief and teacher Maksimov. On both sides sat Jiang Feng, Mr. Wu Zuoren, Dong, Li Zongjin, Wang Manshuo, Ai Zhongxin and other teachers of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Standing in the back row are our 18 students. After 37 years of ups and downs, one third of the people in this photo are dead now. At that time, we young people with strong blood and a sense of mission for the future of China's oil paintings were over 60 years old. With the development and change of the situation, today's China oil painting has entered a colorful new period, and is moving towards a more mature future, with many talented young and middle-aged painters of the third, fourth and new generations emerging. Oil painting, a kind of painting from the west, has laid a solid foundation in China and started to go to the world through the efforts of several generations. Looking at this historic photo, I was deeply moved by Maksimov's lecture on our petroleum training class.

Teacher/KLOC-0 came to China in the spring of 1955. It was the early days of the People's Republic of China, and everything was in ruins. The young Republic of China is surrounded by hostile western forces. In order to revitalize the country, introduce Ai Zhongxin and learn from the experience of the Soviet Union, a large number of Soviet experts came to China to help China according to the Sino-Soviet cultural agreement. Under this background, "Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course" was commissioned by the Ministry of Culture and organized by the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Under the personal care of Comrade Jiang Feng, 18 students came from 7 art colleges, artists' associations, military units and publishing departments, and were assisted by 3 Russian translators, including children. (Author: Chairman of China Artists Association, former president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and special allowance expert of the State Council-Jin Shangyi)

, Zhan Jianjun, Yu Changgong, Wu Dezu, Yu, Hao Yuan, Wei Chuanyi, Wang Liuqiu, Wang, Ren, Lu Guoying, He Kongde, Chen Beixin, Gao Hong, Tong Jinghan, Zhang Wenxin, Shang Husheng, Hou Yimin.

1, Feng Fasi: Born in 19 14, alias Luo Feng, from Lujiang, Anhui. 1933 was admitted to the Art Department of the School of Education of Nanjing Central University, and studied under Xu Beihong and Yan. 1937 Bachelor's degree. Later, I went to the Fine Arts Department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an. 1942 Associate Research Fellow of China Academy of Fine Arts, 1946 Associate Professor of National Beiping Academy of Fine Arts, 1950 Head of Painting Department and Professor of Oil Painting Department of Central Academy of Fine Arts,19/Professor of Dance Art Department of Central Academy of Drama, 1979 Head of Oil Painting Department of Central Academy of Fine Arts.

2. Hou Yimin: Born in 1930, Mongolian. 1946 studied with Xu Beihong and Wu Zuoren, entered the National Beiping Art College, 1950 served as a teacher of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, 1954 entered the Maksimov oil painting training class of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. After 1958, he successively served as deputy director of oil painting department, head of mural department, first vice chairman, professor, executive director of China Artists Association and director of mural art committee. National experts with outstanding contributions are listed in the biographies of celebrities in Cambridge, England, one of the pioneers of the new mural movement and one of the designers of RMB.

3. Jin Shangyi: Born in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, 1934. 1957 graduated from the postgraduate class of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and served as the president and professor of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He is a member of the Standing Committees of the Eighth China People's Political Consultative Conference, the Eighth Beijing Political Consultative Conference and the Ninth China People's Political Consultative Conference. 1996 as vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, 1998 as chairman of China Artists Association; Currently, he is a jury member of the Art Group of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and the deputy director of the Art Education Committee of the Ministry of Education. In view of his outstanding contribution to artistic creation and teaching, the State Council awarded him the title of national expert.

4. Zhan Jianjun: 193 1 Born in Gai County, Liaoning Province, Manchu. He has served as a lecturer, associate professor and professor in the Oil Painting Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. Vice Chairman of China Artists Association, Director of Oil Painting Art Committee, Chairman of China Oil Painting Society. Enjoy * * * special allowance. After 1994, he served as the judge, chief judge and director of the jury of the national art exhibition.

5. Shang: Born in 1930, female, from Liaoning. 65438-0953, graduated from the Painting Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and stayed there to teach, under the guidance of famous professors such as Xu Beihong. 65438-0955 joined the army, and successively served as the creator of the creative group of the Ministry of Culture of the Third Corps, the director and professor of the fine arts department of * * * Art College, and the member of China Artists Association.

6. Zhang Wenxin: Born in Tianjin, 1928. 1949 graduated from north university of china Fine Arts Department, 195 1 studied in Peking University Physics Department, 195 1 was a creative cadre of Beijing Fine Arts Studio, 1956 was a member of China Artists Association, and participated in Shijiazhuang sculpture creation in the early 1950s. 6666.6666666661994 was invited to become an honorary member of the American Oil Painters Association, and 1995 became a master member of the American Oil Painters Association.

7. Tong: Born in Baoding, Hebei Province, 1933. Graduated from the Russian Department of Heilongjiang University. He has worked in the Central Academy of Fine Arts since 1956, and has served as a translator, teacher, director and professor in the editorial department of the journal. Since 1978, he has been in charge of the editorial department of this journal, and since 1985- 1995, he has been the editor-in-chief of Art Research and World Art, and has been the editor-in-chief of Encyclopedia of China, Art Volume and Art Theory.

8. Gao Hong: Born in 1926, Xinle, Hebei. 194 1 studied in the Fine Arts Department of the College of Literature and Art of North China United University, 1957 graduated from the Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He has served as artistic director of the army, secretary of the secretariat of the Artists Association, director of the art creation room of the military museum and member of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles.

9. Chen Beixin: 1932 was born in Beijing and Nanchang, Jiangxi. 1953 graduated from painting department of central academy of fine arts, 1957 graduated from Maksimov oil painting training class of central academy of fine arts. 1958 until his retirement, he served as assistant, deputy director, director, lecturer, associate professor and professor in the oil painting department of Xi Academy of Fine Arts. Executive Director of China Oil Painting Society and President of Shaanxi Oil Painting Society.

10, He Kangde: Born in Sichuan, 1925. Died in 2003. 65438-0942 studied in the Fine Arts Department of National Chongqing Normal University, and transferred to Sichuan Yili Printing Dyes from 65438-0946. 1946 joined * * * in 12 Military Art Troupe. 195 1 joined the volunteer army and went to North Korea for art propaganda. 1955 was admitted to Maksimov oil painting training class, an expert on Soviet issues at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, 1957 graduated, and was an artist in the workshop of the General Political Department and Culture Department. 1962 transferred to China People's Revolutionary Military Museum to engage in artistic creation. 1980 served as deputy director of Junbo Workshop, 1987 retired. Executive Director of China Artists Association and Deputy Director of Oil Painting Art Committee of Artists Association.

1 1, Lu Guoying: Born in 1925, female, Shanghainese. 1942 studied under Yan, an art educator, and 1947 graduated from Suzhou Academy of Fine Arts. 1955 was admitted to the oil painting training class of Beijing Central Academy of Fine Arts, and studied under the Soviet oil painter Maksimov. 1957 After graduation, he returned to Nanjing Art Institute as a professor and a member of China Artists Association.

12, Qin Zheng, born in Xingtang County, Hebei Province. Alias Qin Shukai, a native of the Tang Dynasty in Hebei Province. Good at oil painting. From 65438 to 0940, he served as the propaganda minister of "Youth Rescue Society" in Pingshan County, Hebei Province, and was engaged in woodcut creation. From 65438 to 0942, he served as the artistic captain of mass drama society in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei border region, engaged in woodcut and cartoon creation. 1946 as an army reporter. From 65438 to 0947, he served as the head of the creative group of North China Mass Drama Club. 1949 worked as a creator in the propaganda team of Tianjin Military Management Committee. 65438-0950 studied in the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and 65438-0955 studied in the oil painting training class of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. 1960 works in Tianjin Branch of China Artists Association. 1973 has been teaching in Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts. He has served as Chairman of Tianjin Branch of China Artists Association, Professor of Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts, Chairman of Temporary Leading Group of China Artists Association and Vice Chairman of China Artists Association.

13, Ren: Zhuolu County, Hebei Province. 1953 graduated from the painting department of the central academy of fine arts, 1957 graduated from the oil painting training course for experts of the central academy of fine arts. 1978 Up to now, he has served as director of the oil painting department of Lu Xun Academy of Fine Arts, tutor of graduate students, vice president and dean of the Art Research Institute, professor of the Art Education and Creation Research Center, tutor of the deputy director of a large painting studio, and consultant of Liaoning Artists Association. Enjoy * * * special allowance.

14, Wang: Born in Shexian County, Anhui Province, 1930. 1954 graduated from East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts, and 1957 graduated from Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course of Central Academy of Fine Arts. Later, he taught in China Academy of Fine Arts for a long time as a professor. 198 1 was established in and took charge of the teaching and research of the second studio of the Oil Painting Department of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts (now China Academy of Fine Arts) as a professor. Member of China Artists Association and director of China Oil Painting Society.

15, Wang Liuqiu: Born in Chaoan, Guangdong, 19 19. 1945 graduated from the Fine Arts Department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an. 1957 graduated from Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course of Central Academy of Fine Arts. He has served as a reporter of Jianghuai Pictorial, the chief of the Art Unit of the Art Troupe, and the vice captain of the Art Team of the Political Department of the Military Region. 195 1 taught in Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts (now China Academy of Fine Arts), and served as the director, associate professor and professor of painting, and the president of Zhejiang Oil Painting Research Association.

16, Wang Xuzhu: Born in Yantai, Shandong Province, 1930. 1954 graduated from the Central Academy of Fine Arts and went to teach at Zhongnan Academy of Fine Arts in Wuhan, Hubei Province. 1955- 1957 studied for two years in the oil painting training class hosted by Soviet oil painter Professor Kangmai Maksimov of Central Academy of Fine Arts, and then taught in the oil painting department of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts. 198 1 year transferred to Guangdong painting academy, a professional painter and a first-class artist. 1985 was invited to give a lecture at Massachusetts Institute of Art in Boston, USA. Member of China Artists Association.

17, Wei Chuanyi: Born in Daxian County, Sichuan Province, born in 1928. He studied in Sichuan Provincial College of Art and Central Academy of Fine Arts in his early years. He has served as the director of educational administration in sichuan fine arts institute, the vice president of Sichuan Academy of Poetry and Calligraphy, the dean, professor and tutor of master students of Xiamen University School of Art Education. He is currently the deputy director of the Painting and Calligraphy Office of Fujian Provincial People's Congress, the consultant of Fujian Artists Association, the president of Fujian Fine Arts Education Research Association, the director of Fujian International Economic and Cultural Exchange Center, the honorary president of Xiamen University Art Research Institute and the president of Xiamen Painting and Calligraphy Education Research Institute.

18, Hao Yuan: Born in 1930, member of China Artists Association. At present, he is the president of Guangzhou Institute of Engineering and Technology, and the vice president of Lingnan Academy of Fine Arts. He used to be director of oil painting department of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, director of Guangdong Artists Association, director of Guangdong Oil Painting Association and president of Guangzhou Amateur Art University. 1950 was admitted to the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and studied under many excellent teachers such as Xu Beihong, Wu Zuoren and Ai Zhongxin. 1953 graduated and was assigned to teach at Wuhan Zhongnan College of Literature and Art (predecessor of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts). 1954 to 1957 to study in Maksimov oil painting training class. Since then, he has been teaching in Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts.

Born in 19+09 17 and died in 1992. He is a famous oil painter and art educator in China. 194 1 Graduated from the Art Department of Central University, and studied under masters such as Xu Beihong, Fu Baoshi and Huang Junbi. 65438-0956, Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course. He used to be a professor in many fine arts colleges, director of China Artists Association Shanghai Branch, consultant of Shanghai Oil Painting Sculpture Institute and art consultant of Shanghai Jiaotong University. It has trained a large number of outstanding artists such as Chen Yifei and Ruimin Qiu.

20. Wu Dezu: Born in 1923, formerly known as Su Jian, from Weinan, Shaanxi Province, died in 199 1. 1939 "Kangda" from Yan 'an studied in the Fine Arts Department of Lu Xun Art College. 65438-0947, worked as an art reporter in Northeast Pictorial, People's Pictorial and People's Fine Arts Publishing House. 1955- 1957 studied oil painting in Maksimov oil painting training class. He used to be the director, professor and master tutor of oil painting department of Xi Academy of Fine Arts. Representative of the National Artists Association and executive director of Shaanxi Artists Association.

2 1, Wang Dewei:/kloc-0 was born in Shanghai in 1927. Died in 1984. In his early years, he was engaged in anti-Japanese propaganda, performance and organization in Lanzhou, Wuhan, Changsha and Guilin. Responsible for editing and publishing magazines such as Children's Pictorial. 65438-0955, Maksimov Oil Painting Training Course. From 65438 to 0978, he was the leader of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts (now China Academy of Fine Arts). Director of China Artists Association, Vice Chairman of Zhejiang Artists Association and Vice Chairman of Zhejiang Tao Xingzhi Research Association.

22. Yu Changgong: Born in Jixian County, Henan Province, 193 1, died in 1963. 1947 entered Suzhou Academy of Fine Arts to study painting, 1948 entered Hangzhou West Lake Art Institute to study painting, 1949 entered the Painting Department of East China Branch of Central Academy of Fine Arts (formerly Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts), 1953 graduated as a researcher, and 1955 entered Maxim.

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