Therefore, all formal banks with deposit-taking business, including ICBC, China Construction Bank, China Bank, Agricultural Bank, Postal Savings Bank, Bank of Communications, rural commercial banks, private banks, village banks, rural credit cooperatives and urban credit cooperatives, have deposit insurance.
The deposit insurance system is a kind of financial guarantee system, which refers to the establishment of insurance institutions by various qualified deposit financial institutions, and each deposit institution, as the insured, pays insurance premiums to them according to a certain proportion of deposits and establishes deposit insurance reserves. When the member institutions have business crisis or face bankruptcy, deposit insurance institutions provide financial assistance or directly pay part or all of their deposits to depositors, thus protecting depositors' interests, maintaining bank credit and stabilizing financial order.
The deposit insurance system can improve the stability of the financial system, protect the interests of depositors and promote moderate competition in the banking industry; But it also has its own costs, which may induce moral hazard, make banks take more risks, and also cause adverse selection problems. By the end of 20 1 1, deposit insurance systems had been established in11countries around the world.
On the one hand, the relationship between deposit insurance subjects is paid, that is, the insurer can only get financial assistance after the insured bank pays the insurance premium according to the regulations, or the depositor can only get compensation when it goes bankrupt; On the other hand, it is mutual assistance. In other words, deposit insurance is realized through the mutual assistance of a number of insured banks. If only a few banks are insured, the insurance fund is small in scale and it is difficult to bear the liability for compensation to depositors when banks go bankrupt.
Deposit insurance only compensates for bank deposits that fail during the insurance period, while bank deposits that have not participated in deposit insurance or have terminated insurance relations are generally not protected.
Deposit insurance is an economic guarantee provided by insurance institutions to depositors. Once the insured bank goes bankrupt, depositors have to claim compensation from the insurer, and the result may be quite different from the insurance premium charged to the insured bank. Therefore, the deposit insurance company must accurately calculate the reasonable guarantee rate through scientific actuarial rules, so that the deposit insurance company can bear the liability for deposit compensation.