Beta is generally considered to mean "testing" at present. In a broad sense, there are three traditional names for testing: Alpha(α), Beta(β) and Gamma(γ), which are used to identify the stage and scope of testing. Alpha refers to internal testing, that is, CB now, that is, the version of internal testing of the development team or the experience testing version of limited users. Beta refers to public beta, that is, a test version that is open to all users. And after some modifications, it became the official release of release candidate (now called RC-Release Candidate), which was called Gamma. Basic introduction of mbth: beta meaning: test alias: gamma version type: α, β, demo, trial and other version classification, official version, release, registered, standard, deluxe, enhance, reference, professional, Enterprise,Ultimate, other versions, update,oem, stand-alone version, popular version, laboratory, European brand, BETA indicator, version classification α(Alpha) This version indicates that the software is only a preliminary finished product, which is usually only communicated among software developers, and a few of them are released to professional testers. Generally speaking, there are many bugs (vulnerabilities) in this version of the software, so ordinary users had better not install it. It is mainly for the developers to test the products themselves, check whether there are defects or errors in the products, and verify whether the functions of the products are consistent with the instructions and user manuals. Compared with the alpha version, the β(beta version has been greatly improved, eliminating serious errors, but there are still some defects that need to be further eliminated through large-scale release testing. This version is usually released by software companies for free, and users can download it from relevant websites. Through the tests of some professional enthusiasts, the results will be fed back to the developers, who will then make targeted modifications. This version is also not suitable for general users to install. Trial software has become quite popular in recent years, mainly due to the rapid development of the Internet. This version of the software usually has a time limit. If users want to continue to use it after the expiration, they usually have to pay a certain fee to register or purchase it. Some trial versions of the software have also made certain restrictions on their functions. Unregistered unregistered version is very similar to the trial version, except that unregistered version usually has no time limit, and its functions are limited compared with the official version. For example, the registered version and unregistered version of most VoIP software have a great gap in call quality. Others, although the use is the same as the official version, will pop up an annoying message box to remind you to register, such as acdsee, intelligent Chen Qiao Chinese character input software and so on. Demo, also known as demo version, mainly demonstrates some functions of formal software, from which users can learn the basic operation of the software and expand the influence for the sale of formal products. If it is a game, there are only one or two levels to play. This version can also be downloaded from Inter for free. Demo version only integrates several functions in the official version, which is quite similar to unregistered (unregistered; Unregistered). The difference is that the demo version can't be changed into the official version by upgrading or registering. The above are several versions before the official version of the software is released. α, β and γ can be called beta versions, but there are always multiple beta versions of mature software, such as the beta version of windows 98, with nearly 1 before and after. On the one hand, so many beta versions meet the needs of users as much as possible for the final product, on the other hand, they also minimize the bugs in the software. Trial, unregistered and demo are sometimes collectively referred to as the demo version. This kind of version of the advertisement has a strong color, which is quite a bit of a taste before buying. For ordinary users, it is natural to try it for free. Official Version The official versions of different types of software are usually different. Release This version means "final release version". After a series of beta versions, there will be a formal version. For users, it is absolutely right to install this version of the software. This version is sometimes called the standard version. Registered Obviously, this version is a registered version as opposed to unregistered. The registered version and the release are all official versions of the software, just like the standard version mentioned below, but a large part of the predecessor of the registered version of the software was downloaded from the Internet. Standard This is the most common standard version. No matter what software it is, the standard version must exist. The standard version contains the basic components and some common functions of the software, which occupies less resources than the advanced version and can meet the needs of ordinary users. For the charging software, its price is relatively high, and it is still "approachable". Deluxe, as its name implies, is the "Deluxe Edition". The deluxe edition is usually compared with the standard edition. The main difference is that there are several more functions, and the price will of course be much higher. It is not recommended for ordinary users to buy it. This version is usually prepared for professional users who pursue perfection. If enhancement is a general software, it is generally called "Enhance version", and some practical new functions will be added. If it is a game, it is generally called "enhanced version", and some new game scenes and game plots will be added. This is the official release version. Reference this version of the model is common in encyclopedias, and the more famous one is Microsoft encarta series. Reference is the highest level. Compared with the standard and deluxe versions, it contains a lot of themes, images, film clips, etc. The capacity has soared from one CD to three CDs, and it has added a strong interactive function. Of course, it is also expensive. It can be said that this version of the encyclopedia can be regarded as a real encyclopedia, and it is also the first choice for enthusiasts to collect. Professional professional edition is aimed at some specific development tools and software. There are many contents in the professional edition that are not available in the standard edition, which are extremely important for a professional software developer. For example, Microsoft's visual foxpro Standard Edition does not have the function of compiling into an executable file, which is obviously unbearable for a complete development project. If there is no foxpro on the client, it cannot be used. If you use the professional version, there will be no such problem. Enterprise enterprise edition is the best in development software (equivalent to the reference edition in encyclopedia). With this version of the software, you can develop any level of application software without any obstacles. For example, compared with the professional edition, the famous enterprise edition of visual c++ has added several additional features, such as sql debugging, extended stored procedure wizard, and support for as/4 access to ole db. And the price of this version is also unacceptable to ordinary users. For example, the Chinese version of Microsoft's visual studios 6. enterprise costs 23, yuan. Ultimate literally means 1. Final, final 2. Basic, fundamental 3. Maximum, extreme meaning. The version named after Ultimate has the most powerful and complete functions, the best stability and other excellent characteristics, and compared with similar software, It integrates all the functions and provides some special services. Ultimate is specially designed for hardcore users, aiming at perfection and perfection. It is also a version sought after by many users, and of course, the price is also the highest. Other versions have some proprietary version names in addition to some versions introduced above. The update version of the software cannot be used independently. During the installation process, this version of the software will search for the original official version. If it does not exist, the next step will be refused. Such as microsoft office 2 upgrade, windows 9x upgrade and so on. Oem oem version is usually a version bundled in hardware and not sold separately. Give your products to other companies to sell, and keep your own copyright. Both sides are mutually beneficial and kill two birds with one stone. The stand-alone online version is far more complicated in function and structure than the stand-alone version. If you pay attention to the quotation of software, you will find that the price difference between the stand-alone version and the online version of some software is very large, and some online versions even need to add a lot of money for one more customer connection port. Popular version This version is sometimes called * * * exclusive version, which is characterized by its low price (some are even completely free), single function and strong pertinence (of course, there are also factors such as occupying the market and cracking down on piracy). Unlike the trial version, this version of the software generally has no time limit. Of course, if users want to upgrade, it is better to buy the official version. The above is a brief introduction of some common software versions. With the change of software market behavior, there are also some new version naming methods. For example, xp in windows xp is taken from the second and third letters in experience. I hope that the above content will be helpful for everyone to buy, use and download software. Laboratory BETA Laboratory is a scientific laboratory specializing in providing radioactive carbon testing services, located in Miami, USA. Mainly provide carbon 14 measurement for archaeology, geology and biological sciences, and assist archaeologists in their research work; In addition, it also provides extensive assistance to groundwater exploitation evaluation to prevent over-exploitation of groundwater; In the field of energy, use ASTM D6866 to assist in monitoring mixed emissions such as garbage incineration; Mainly provide bio-based content testing and certification for bio-enterprises in related fields such as biological products and biofuels; It is the only laboratory in the field of carbon 14 dating that has passed ISO1725 certification. It is the world's leading laboratory in the field of ASTM D6866 and CEN 15747 test standards in the United States. The European brand Beta Utensili is the leader in the production and sales of professional tools in Italy and one of the three major tool brands in Europe. In 1923, the founder Alessandro Ciceri (Alessandro Chicheri) established Beta Utensili Company in Italy, registered the Beta trademark in 1939, and began to focus on the research and development and production of professional tools. Since the 196s, Beta has emerged in the industry. In 197s, Beta became the sponsor of Ferrari, Jordan, McLaren and Mainardi in F1 events, and maintained good cooperation with famous events such as MotoGP. Today, Beta has become a world-renowned professional tool manufacturer, with three factories in Italy, covering an area of 32,5 square meters. The product range reaches 21 categories and more than 1, specifications. For more than 8 years, Beta products have been exported to overseas, and seven overseas branches have been established in France, Britain, Netherlands, Spain, Poland, Russia and China, and sales outlets have been established in more than 1 countries around the world, with more than 2 importers and distributors all over the world. BETA index is a kind of risk measurement index, which refers to the definition of systematic risk index (Beta coefficient): it is an index to measure the influence of market changes on the change of stock or portfolio yield. It is the sensitivity of a stock or portfolio to the market (systemic risk). The greater the meaning of the index, the greater the systemic risk of the fund. According to CAPM model, Beta is equal to 1, which means that the fund and the market have the same systemic risk, that is, the change of market return is X, and the change of fund return is equal to X. Beta is greater than 1, which means that the systemic risk of the fund is greater than that of the market, that is, the market return changes by X, and the fund return changes by more than X. Beta is less than 1, which means that the systemic risk of the fund is less than that of the market, that is, the market return changes by X, and the fund return changes by less than X. Popular explanation: it reflects the performance of an investment object relative to the broader market. The greater its absolute value, the greater the change range of its income relative to the broader market; The smaller the absolute value, the smaller the change range is relative to the market. If it is negative, it shows that the direction of change is opposite to that of the market; When the market rises, it falls, and when the market falls, it rises. According to the investment theory, the beta coefficient of the whole market itself is 1. If the fluctuation of the net value of the fund portfolio is greater than that of the whole market, the beta coefficient is greater than 1. On the other hand, if the fluctuation of the net value of the fund portfolio is less than that of the whole market, the β coefficient is less than 1. The larger the beta coefficient, the more speculative the securities are. In the United States, for example, the S&; P 5) stands for the stock market, and the beta coefficient is 1. If the beta coefficient of a mutual fund is 1.1, it means that its fluctuation is 1.1 times that of the stock market, that is, it is 1% better than the market performance when it rises, and 1% worse when it falls. The beta coefficient measures the overall volatility of stock returns relative to the performance evaluation benchmark returns and is a relative indicator. The higher the beta, the greater the volatility of the stock relative to the performance evaluation benchmark. If β is greater than 1, the volatility of the stock is greater than that of the performance evaluation benchmark. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium The index evaluation Beta only considers the systematic risk of the fund, while the standard deviation comprehensively describes all the risks of the fund. Beta is suitable for describing the systemic risk of fully decentralized funds. An indicator that describes the degree of price change of a stock compared with the Shanghai and Shenzhen 3 Index as a whole.