The ancient retirement system and the selection system were consistent with each other. At that time, it was the abdication system at Yao Shunyu's earliest time. When I was old, I volunteered to retire. Those who abdicated to the throne were generally my cronies and had a marriage relationship. At that time, productivity was low, and disasters could take people's lives at any time, so the gap between the pledge and the people was not very big. Everyone shared joys and sorrows, and everyone would not fight for the position of the head. With the success of Yu's flood control, his wealth was extremely abundant, and the gap between the rich and the poor began to widen. Yu tried his best to cultivate his son Qi, who had the military power, and established Xia after Qi took the position, changing the clan society into a slave society and becoming a hereditary system. Various officials also carried out hereditary system to safeguard the best interests of the upper nobility. You won't retire until you are seriously ill and die. Xia and Shang dynasties were slaves, and the society was prosperous, and this system was also the most prosperous. With the development of productive forces, by the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the slavery system was gradually disintegrated, the monarch was still hereditary, and ministers adopted the feudal hereditary system. Generally, they did not make mistakes or get sick, so they always acted as servants. In the Qin dynasty, the feudal system was reformed, and officials were no longer hereditary, but must be appointed by the emperor. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the selection of ministers was the selection system of the literati class and the appointment of the emperor. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the imperial examination system began, and public selection was made. When you are old, you will retire. As long as they are officials, when they are officials, almost all their salaries and salaries are used to buy land. Unlike now, there were stocks and funds in ancient times, and the safest way in ancient times was to land. Therefore, when they are old, they are squires and landlords, and they don't eat state finances at all. Their salaries and investments as officials are old enough for them. If you want to know the treatment, please refer to some of the Ming Dynasty. Wages are paid according to grades, such as 87 stones/month for a product, such as a teacher, a taifu, and a taibao. From a product is 72 stones/month. From the second grade of 48 stones/month, such as officials such as Buzheng. To the positive 9 products is the salary of 5 stones and 5 buckets. . . Poor thing, from 9 products is the salary of 5 stones. "History of Han Dynasty" contains: 3 Jin is one jun, four jun is one stone, and one stone is one hundred and twenty Jin. According to Wu Chengluo's History of China's Weights and Measures, one Jin in Ming Dynasty is about 589 grams now, and one stone is about 142 Jin now. If the current average rice price is 1.75 yuan/kg, then the annual salary of Zhengyipin officials in the Ming Dynasty is about 259,434 yuan, which is 21,619.5 yuan, and the annual salary of Jiupin is 14,91 yuan, which is 1,242.5 yuan. Of course, this is only a rough algorithm.