Beijing began to show foreign original films.
People's Daily1April 29, 956
The original Soviet movies "The Gadfly" and "The Test of Loyalty" began to be shown in the Soviet Union Exhibition Hall and China Youth Art Theatre in Beijing on 28th, so as to enrich the literary life of international friends in Beijing and let Beijing audiences enjoy foreign movies earlier.
In the future, foreign original films will be shown every Saturday and Sunday. Recently, there will be the Soviet movie Twelfth Night, the British movie Hamlet, the French movie No Address, the Italian movie No Peace Under the Olive Tree, the German democratic movie Devil Group, the German federal movie and the China movie Heart of the World.
Popular movies, numbered 1 1, 1956, are equivalent to the special issue of the gadfly, and related articles (4, 1 poem, 2 published materials) account for half of the magazine's length. The back cover is the stills of the film.
Popular movies in Li Xifan, 1956No. 1 1, p. 4.
The hero's revolutionary heroism in the novel The Gadfly has widely influenced generations of young people in the Soviet Union and inspired proletarian heroes like Paul Colta Kim and Dan Niang to carry out revolutionary battles. After this novel was translated into Chinese, it also had a great influence on the youth in China. Now, the Gadfly, a Soviet film based on this novel, will meet the audience in China. Under the principle of not damaging the original work, it shows the revolutionary quality of this hero more intensively and generally. In the film, many plots divorced from the nature of the gadfly's personality have been deleted. In this way, the character of the gadfly is more prominent and distinct, which is very helpful for young comrades to further understand the character of the gadfly.
The gadfly lived in Italy from 1930s to 1940s. Italy was occupied by Austria at that time. "He also carried out the despicable will of European monarchies." The church is also a vicious ally of Austria, which carries out extremely bad mental poisoning and espionage activities against the Italian people and youth, and they collude to persecute Italian patriots. The Italian people and youth can't stand this cruel oppression, and the fire of resistance is burning fiercely on Italian land. The conflict between the Austrian people and rulers and the church is becoming increasingly acute. Many patriotic religious believers later became severe atheists. The gadfly is such a typical figure, from naive ignorance and religious belief to brave and resolute, abandoning religion and being as severe as a cold revolutionary.
After reading the novel The Gadfly, some young comrades often ask such a question: "Why is the Gadfly so cruel? He seems to have a strong hatred for everyone.
If we want to solve this problem, we must look at it in connection with his early life experience. Young Arthur loved his motherland and yearned for the revolutionary cause when he was still a religious person, and was "ready to die for the future". However, the deception of the church and the priest almost destroyed his ideal. Therefore, he has a strong aversion to any hypocrisy and deception. This film shows this character essence of the gadfly more intensively. Thirteen years' experience of revolutionary struggle has made him far more than the Italian youth he once joined, closer to the people and take part in the people's uprising. Therefore, he has a better understanding of how people are trapped under Austrian occupation. Therefore, when he faced the big talkers of big and small assets, and when he heard idle gentlemen talking nonsense in the living room of "Salon", the gadfly was exposing their hypocritical faces with bitter satire. The gadfly doesn't hate everyone. He loves the people. He is a good friend of the people. People trust him very much. Follow him. "
Infinite love for the people and strong hatred for the enemy are the essence of the gadfly's heroic character.
The most proud quality of the gadfly's character is his revolutionary spirit. The gadfly's infinite loyalty, enthusiasm, boldness and fearlessness to the revolutionary cause have reached an amazing level. Like Paul Kochakin, the heroes of his predecessors showed perseverance. Physically, the gadfly, completely crushed by the cruel reality, still burns the flame of revolutionary enthusiasm, overcomes the physical pain with amazing perseverance and actively engages in revolutionary activities. As he himself said: "I can't stop fighting for the freedom of Italy, I live for her!" " "His iron oath has been fulfilled in any action. The heroic gadfly has stood the test of battle with the belief of winning national liberation. In court, in prison and on the execution ground, he showed the noble qualities of revolutionaries. In several scenes where he was tortured, this revolutionary perseverance was more tenacious and prominent. The revolutionary flame emitted by the gadfly before his death strongly reflects the humble and insignificant creator.
However, like a novel, this film does not take a simplistic approach to the mental outlook of the gadfly, but actually shows the complicated thoughts and feelings of the gadfly. The gadfly loves his biological father, Monteyne. From many scenes in the film, we can see that in his struggle with Monteyne, the struggle is particularly acute in the film, and his heart is also experiencing fierce ideological and emotional struggles. When Muncinelli's hypocrisy was exposed in the square for the first time, he was strongly stimulated and fell ill. His arrest was also due to Monteyne's obstruction. Finally, he even fantasized about fighting for Monteyne. He said to Monteyne, "Dad, come with us. Don't you want the dawn of freedom to shine in Italy? " "Why can't you understand your God? This is the dust of the old days. This world is a completely wrong world. Take off your cassock and come with us! " However, when he realized that Monteyne couldn't go the same way as him, his resolute revolutionary quality immediately defeated events that violated revolutionary interests. Resolutely announced to Monteyne: "I will never accept a gift from a priest" and "Do you want me or God". The gadfly's high sense of revolutionary responsibility and strong strength to withstand all tests are the reasons why pavel korchagin, Zoya and many young people like him.
Some people think that although the Gadfly has some merits, it has many colors of putschism, which is not enough for young people in our socialist era to follow suit. This is an inappropriate argument. Although the revolution that the gadfly took part in was fundamentally different from ours, the revolutionary strategy he adopted was totally out of our list. However, as Paul Cochakin said, "I agree with the nature of the gadfly, his strength, his endless strength that can stand the test, and the typical person who can bear hardships without complaining." I agree with typical revolutionaries that personal affairs cannot be compared with the whole cause. "And all this is exactly what young people in our socialist era should learn.
Chen Anjing, Popular Film,No. 1956,No. 1 1, 8-9 pages.
The rough sea, roaring waves hit the rocks. A group of Italian revolutionaries, in a foreign land, deeply miss their motherland. They looked at the land ravaged by the Austrian rulers and swore to the motherland from a distance: "Friends, that is our motherland! Through the storm and the artillery fire that persecuted the martyrs, I heard the painful voice of our motherland ... Her glory and strength were shattered and deprived, and she also carried out the despicable will of the European monarchy union-this is our motherland Italy! "
Italy was in turmoil in 1930s, and Arthur (later the gadfly), a college student, spent his youth in these years full of difficulties and struggles. At that time, he was still a naive and naive young man. He believed in Catholicism and got the only "warmth" from Monteyne, dean of the seminary. Arthur joined the revolutionary organization at that time-"Italian Youth Party", but his naive mind was not free from the shackles of the church. In his view, revolution and church can be separated and irrelevant, so that at a secret meeting, he and another revolutionary comrade Paula had an argument on this issue. However, the harsh reality shattered his naive fantasy: shortly after he transferred to Monteyne, Cardi, the successor dean of the seminary, used his confession to defraud the secret of the Italian Youth Party, and Arthur and Paula were arrested together. Only in prison did he wake up; It turned out that Caldi, a spy in a religious cloak, betrayed him, and he began to realize the true face of the church and the priest.
After the enemy's despicable goal was achieved, the gadfly was released, but his inner pain was not eliminated, especially his misunderstanding of his lover Qiongma, which deepened his guilt about his mistakes. Back home, he learned a very sad thing from his sister-in-law. It turns out that Monteyne is his real father, but the hypocritical priest has been deceiving him. At this time, the dignity of the church has been completely bankrupt in his couplets. With grief and indignation, he angrily smashed the cross symbolizing the Father. On a silent night, he wrote a suicide note: "Bishop Monteyne, go to the river to look for my body." From then on, Bishop Monteyne thought Arthur was really dead. 13 years later, the gadfly appeared in front of the audience as a revolutionary soldier with rich combat experience. From this resolute and stern man, we will never find the shadow of Sibo Arthur when he was young. He grew up in a cruel struggle and was nourished by the blood of martyrs. At this point, his words and deeds, like a powerful bullet, fatally hit the enemy. While Austrian generals are preaching that "only the Austrian Empire can bring freedom to Italy", the people are reading such a leaflet in their hands: "The relationship between Italy's freedom and the Austrian Empire, as the saying goes, is incompatible with fire and water." What a powerful counterattack! It inspires and inspires the masses with revolutionary enthusiasm, and strives for freedom and independence. Who is the author of the leaflet? At this time, the gadfly, Madame Paula (Joan Ma, the gadfly's young lover) and Martini became the central figures of the Italian youth party in Florence. Influenced by Grassini, a liberal politician, the struggle of Italian young people still stops at shouting slogans and distributing leaflets. As a pretended foreigner, the gadfly pointed out the mistake of this practice. When they asked the gadfly to help distribute leaflets, he said, "... your people, what they urgently need is not leaflets, but action." "
When the gadfly was lying in Qiongma's house because of a relapse, Qiongma had begun to realize that this gadfly was the Arthur she loved thirteen years ago. However, the gadfly refused to arouse the great pain of the past and denied it. Before he recovered from his illness, he heard that the uprising team was defeated and many people were arrested and sentenced to death. He immediately went to the rescue. This very decisive action makes it impossible for revolutionaries to be sentenced to death on the execution ground, but for those invaders who set foot on the borders of other countries with ambitions. Soon, the revolutionary Tommasino arranged another large-scale armed uprising. When he didn't assign a task because he took care of the gadfly, the gadfly said, "... I can't stop fighting for the freedom of Italy, I just live for her! "At the same time, he also specially invited Joan Ma to join the struggle, encouraged her to leave the" Italian Youth Party "speaker, and pointed out that relying on fantasy is not equal to action. With her help, Joan Ma decided to attend and made an appointment to meet in Breguela. The gadfly promised to tell Joan everything in the past at this meeting. In Breguela Square, people are receiving the blessing of Bishop Monteyne, and the market is crowded with people. The gadfly and a group of rebels are discussing the steps of action. After all the arrangements were made, the spies found them and the square was immediately blocked. The gadfly immediately ordered his comrades to break through, but he was arrested for covering his comrades' retreat. Joan Ma and her friends arranged a plan to rescue the gadfly, trying to help him escape from prison. The gadfly sawed off the iron railing of the prison window with serious injuries, but when he was about to escape from the prison, he fainted because of the recurrence of his old illness and was brought back by the guards.
Bishop Monteyne tried to "convince" the gadfly, but no one could shake the hero's heart. He not only resolutely refused the bishop's persuasion, but also told himself that he was Arthur, mercilessly exposing Monteyne's lies and shamelessness. At this time, Arthur also hoped that Monteyne could betray religion and follow himself, but Monteyne finally chose the path he had to choose between God and the gadfly: convert to God and fight to the end for the revolutionary cause. The enemy decided to execute the gadfly, and the butcher's gun was pointed at his chest, but he still kept full of fighting spirit and infinite confidence in the victory of the revolution, and said angrily: ... Remember, when our team moves, the cannon will speak for me. "The gadfly finally died heroically.
At this last moment, he didn't see Qiongma, but took out a piece of paper from the prison, which read his eternal love for Qiongma and hoped that Qiongma would fight for freedom optimistically.
Yes, the gadfly's patriotism and indomitable will to struggle will live in people's hearts forever, inspiring more people to fight for the independence and liberation of Italy!
Zhang Bilai's hit film,No. 1956+0 1.
In the novel "The Gadfly" and the movie of the same name now adapted, the complicated relationship between the ox snake and the priest Monteyne is described in detail. Their special personality shows all kinds of contradictions between them.
In terms of thoughts, beliefs and life path, the gadfly and Monteyne are in opposite positions, but in terms of feelings, they have heard that the relationship is not simple. The film reveals the characteristics of this relationship from the beginning: Julia: I will always be happy with you, my dear pastor! You know, I'm lonely at home. I don't like my brother, especially my sister-in-law After my mother died, you were my only relative in this world.
Monk: You know, I have no one else in this world except you. I treat you like a son! You are the source of light and happiness in my heart.
At this time, in the film, Arthur (later the gadfly) kneels in front of Monteyne, and Monteyne hugs Arthur. It can be seen that there is a profound and unusual emotional connection between their stories.
At this time, Arthur had just begun to contact revolutionary ideas and participate in revolutionary activities. As far as Arthur is concerned, the revolutionary activities he participated in were aimed at overthrowing the order actually maintained by Monteyne; As far as Monteyne is concerned, he defended the interests of the ruling class and embarked on the road of complete hostility with Arthur. However, even so, there was no direct sharp conflict between them at that time. Arthur loves priests very much. Monteyne is also very concerned about Arthur's life. When he was leaving for Rome, he also said to Arthur, "I have a terrible feeling." Just say to me,' stay' and I will refuse to go to Rome. " However, Arthur later found an informant of the new pastor Caldi in prison, and his faith in God began to waver. In fact, he understood Muncinelli's lies.
After he got out of prison, his sister-in-law Julia uncovered the secret of his life. At this time, he saw the truth from all kinds of complicated relationships in real life: Monteyne was not a sacred and noble person, but a hypocritical and despicable liar; And the church he represents is also guilty. There is a touching scene in the film: Arthur holds the cross, looks at it in disbelief, and then throws it away sadly and without regrets. He said to the photo in Monteyne: "I believe in you as much as I believe in God, but you have been deceiving me." At this time, Arthur made a complete break with Monteyne ideologically and hated Monteyne's shame and hypocrisy emotionally. However, due to the inextricable relationship between him and Monteyne, he experienced very intense and profound pain in the process of this emotional change. This is the real character of Arthur. Voynich grasped this well, and so did movies.
We know that Arthur chose the revolutionary road, which Moncini desperately opposed; On the other hand, however, in terms of personal relationship, Arthur is the closest person in Monteyne's life. The loss of Arthur was a lifelong regret for Monteyne. Not a day goes by that he can forget this sadness. He gave a speech in the church. From the death of Jesus, he suddenly said sadly, "My dear son" and "darkness drowned him", which reflected his mood. When Arthur mocked him to his face and said that he was guilty, he said, "Don't say that to people who don't know. I want to change my past ... but what I can do for the throne now ... is a broken heart. "
Finally, when he found that the gadfly who was about to be executed turned out to be his Arthur, he knelt in front of the gadfly and said sadly, "Poor child, I had many dreams and saw you come back, but when I woke up, it was empty ... it was dark ..." He wanted to help the gadfly escape. At the same time, it can be seen that the gadfly's personal feelings for Monteyne have not completely disappeared. In this case, this feeling returned to the gadfly. In fact, he said, "You know how much I miss you-I want to see you again and touch your hand." They embraced each other sincerely. The gadfly said to him, "Dad, come with us. Don't you really want the dawn of freedom to shine in Italy? " He asked Monteyne to choose between the two: "Do you want me or God? Obviously, Monteyne's reactionary class status made it impossible for him to choose the revolutionary road. The resolute and thorough reactiveness of this character is also shown here. However, in Monteyne, it still tries to win the gadfly to betray the revolution and turn to the church, which is naturally impossible. At this time, the last emotion hidden in the gadfly's heart for Monteyne is dead, and his fantasy is gone. The gadfly said firmly, "Then, go to the colonel and tell him that you fully agree to execute me." He firmly rejected Monteyne's suggestion to help him escape: "No, I will never accept a gift from a priest. "He wants a father who abandons God and makes a revolution with him, but never a priest who tries to make him defect politically and ideologically, because his father and son helped him escape.
Obviously, although the gadfly once loved Monchinnari deeply, his heart was dedicated to the revolution, and for the sake of the revolution, he resolutely broke off contact with this relationship. Monteyne has always had a strong special feeling for the gadfly, but his soul is mean and insignificant. For the benefit of the reactionary ruling class, he can abandon his son. This is a sharp contrast between these two roles. The gadfly is noble and great. Monteyne always stirs up people's hatred.
(Wang Zai, "This understanding of the gadfly is wrong!" , "Popular Movies", 1956No. 1 1, pp. 34-35, can't find this article. )
Chen guang's hit movie 1956No. 1 1
Ah! Gadfly, how young and handsome you are, how pure and innocent you are. You love the priest so innocently that you never doubt that he is a hypocrite. However, you love the truth more than the motherland and people. You refused the priest's inquiry so as not to break your promise to your comrades. When the cruel struggle and the hypocrisy of the priest tear your dreams, ah! Gadfly, I deeply understand how painful your young and pure heart is. However, the heart struggling to save the suffering motherland will never stop burning. I understand how you left your motherland and your lover. Thirteen years has turned you into a different person. You are no longer as naive and ignorant as before, but become so old and strong. Through the scar on your face, we can see how much pain and suffering you have suffered over the years. But you came back, and your will to fight for the freedom of your motherland can stand any test. Ah! Gadfly, no matter at any moment, your feelings for the motherland and the people are always so deep.
The priest doesn't know you, but the motherland and people know you. They know that you are their good son. When you shot the Austrian military police back to heaven in front of the pub, people recognized you as a gadfly at a glance. This is because you love the people and you are closely related to them. Ah! Gadfly, in that dark night, in that stormy night, I saw how your limping feet struggled with the enemy on the muddy road. For Italy, you forget yourself, you suffer from illness and keep running around. How exciting your voice is: ... I can't stop fighting for the freedom of Italy, I just live for her ... "
When you were unfortunately arrested, Monteyne tried to soften the will of your soldiers with the affection of father and son. But you refused the "gift from the priest" and vowed to live for your country. Your voice is so firm, your expression is so calm, and your position is so clear. Finally, you proudly come to the execution ground, and the enemy will shoot that despicable bullet into your chest. At this last moment, you look at the motherland with deep eyes. You refuse to confess, and you are so confident of winning: when our team moves, the cannon will speak for me!
Ah, gadfly, I love you. You were born for Italy, and you died for Italy. You gave your precious life to Italy. You have experienced disasters and misfortunes with Italy, and you and Italy will live forever in the hearts of the people.
Popular film, number 1956+0 1.
After the Chinese version of the novel The Gadfly was published, it was warmly welcomed by young readers in China and became one of the favorite books of readers in China.
In the Soviet Union, this novel is also very popular. Published 74 times, translated into 18 languages, and published more than 2 million books. As early as 1898, the second year after the novel was published in Britain, Russia had already published a Russian translation of this novel.
Strangely, for such a talented writer, there are no books and documents about Voynich in Britain, and even in the all-encompassing Encyclopedia Britannica, there is not a word about Voynich. Her book has not been reprinted since it was published in 1897. According to a little information, I know that Voynich was born in the home of an English scholar in 1864. His father's name is George Poole. Voynich studied at the Berlin Conservatory of Music and then took classes at the Slavic Department of Berlin University.
For a time, she studied in Italy, and later she married Voynich, a Polish who escaped from the exile of the czar. When she was young, she had been to Petersburg, where she had contact with Russian revolutionary groups. When Voynich lived in London, he joined the Russian fugitive organization. 189 1 year, she was one of the founders of the Political Fugitive Aid Foundation and the Free Russian Newspaper Foundation. At the same time, she often met with Italian political exiles. At that time, these exiles were fighting for Italy with Ma Zhini and Garibo.
Besides translating and publishing the works of Russian writers, Voynich also wrote novels.