the social security fund is a special fund established for the implementation of the social security system according to the provisions of relevant national laws, regulations and policies. Social security funds are generally established according to different projects, such as social insurance funds, social relief funds and social welfare funds. Among them, social insurance fund is the most important part of social security fund. At present, China's social insurance funds are divided into endowment insurance fund, unemployment insurance fund, medical insurance fund, industrial injury insurance fund and maternity insurance fund. Among them, the endowment insurance fund has the largest amount and occupies an important position in the whole social insurance system.

the composition of social security funds comes from the funds formed by various components of the social security system, including social insurance funds, social assistance funds, social welfare funds and social special care funds. Social insurance fund consists of endowment insurance fund, medical insurance fund, unemployment insurance fund, work injury insurance fund and maternity insurance fund.

fund characteristics

1. Statutory social security funds are established according to national laws and regulations, and are raised, operated, managed and used in strict accordance with the provisions of the law. 2, the purpose of social security fund is a special fund, must be earmarked, must be raised according to specific purposes, use and management. 3. The basic social security fund is the material basis for the smooth implementation of the social security system. 4. Mutual assistance In the distribution and redistribution of national income, the social security expenses are borne by the state, employers and individuals. The fund comes from social planning and is used for social members, which embodies the mutual assistance and mutual assistance of "one person for all, all for one". 5. The collection, actuarial calculation and measurement of government intervention social security fund all reflect the social security responsibility that the government should bear.

investment and operation

it is very important to implement social insurance and raise funds. Similarly, how to operate, manage and maintain and increase the value of social insurance funds raised and accumulated gradually is particularly important. Because it is the "survival money" of workers who are exposed to risks, under the condition of fluctuating market economy, at least we should ensure that the fund will not depreciate when prices rise, and aim at increasing its value. The operation of social insurance funds often requires investment, so as to truly achieve the goal of maintaining and increasing the value of social insurance funds. The investment methods we can choose are: interest-bearing by banks, investment in government bonds (government bonds: Phnom Penh bonds), entrusting banks or direct loans, direct investment in industries, etc. Different investment methods have different risks and benefits. Generally speaking, the higher the investment risk, the greater the income; Conversely, the lower the investment risk, the smaller the return. Different countries adopt different methods because of their different national conditions, and some of them are beyond the above scope. No matter how countries choose investment methods, they must follow the following principles, which are also determined by the nature of social insurance funds. These principles include: safety principle (first principle), income principle, multi-directional investment principle (or risk diversification principle), liquidity principle and social benefit principle.

principle of raising funds

principle of ensuring the normal operation of social security system In terms of the amount of funds raised, we should grasp the policy of "making ends meet, with a slight balance". The so-called "balance of payments" refers to both short-term and long-term balance. The principle of properly handling the relationship between accumulation and consumption. When the macroeconomic demand exceeds supply, more accumulation is conducive to alleviating the situation of oversupply, but it is not conducive to economic development. Therefore, we should scientifically determine the proportion of the accumulated part in the social security fund. The principle that is conducive to the effective allocation of resources. Social security funds are suitable for resisting risks. With the reduction of risks, the required costs will decrease gradually. If we put resources into one use, we will lose the benefits brought by another use. Under the condition of limited resources, we must weigh the investment direction of resources. We must put economic development in the first place. Only with economic development can social security have a more reliable source. The collection modes of social security funds are: national basic insurance, enterprise supplementary insurance and individual savings insurance.

Growth Advantage

In p>21, the scale of China Social Security Fund increased from to 776.6 billion yuan in the past ten years, and the growing national social security fund has now become an important part of China's social security system. In this decade, China's social security undertakings, including endowment insurance, have undergone a process of continuous reform, development and improvement, and the social security goal of "providing for the elderly, providing medical care for the sick, helping the poor and helping the needy" is gradually being realized. The National Social Security Fund is an important strategic reserve of the country, which is mainly used to make up for the social security needs in the peak period of population aging in the future. However, due to the late establishment of the social security system in China, neither the social insurance fund nor the social security fund can meet the future pension needs in terms of the current amount. According to the development goal of China, in 22, a social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established, and the national social security fund, as an important part of the social security system, should have more room for development and should further expand its asset scale.