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Green manufacturing [topic] Green manufacturing is also called environmental consciousness manufacturing, which is made for the environment. It is a modern manufacturing mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource benefit. Its goal is to minimize the environmental impact (negative effects), maximize the utilization rate of resources, and coordinate and optimize the economic and social benefits of enterprises in the whole product life cycle from design, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, use to scrapping. Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing mode and the embodiment of human sustainable development strategy in modern manufacturing industry. [/title] [title] I. Technical overview
Green manufacturing technology refers to a modern manufacturing mode that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource efficiency on the premise of ensuring product function, quality and cost. It makes the whole life cycle of products from design, manufacture, use to scrapping free of environmental pollution or minimize environmental pollution, meets the requirements of environmental protection, has little or no harm to the ecological environment, saves resources and energy, and achieves the highest resource utilization rate and the lowest energy consumption.
The traditional manufacturing mode is an open-loop system, that is, raw materials-industrial production-product use-scrap-secondary raw material resources. The whole life cycle from design, manufacturing, use to product scrapping and recycling has the least impact on the environment and the highest resource efficiency. That is to say, we should consider the environmental attributes of products from the perspective of system integration in the whole life cycle of products, change the original environmental protection mode of terminal treatment, and start from the source and consider the basic attributes of products to make products.
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Second, the current situation and development trend at home and abroad
1. Technical development trend
At present, there is a "green wave" around the world, and environmental issues have become the focus of attention of all countries in the world and have been included in the world agenda. The manufacturing industry will change the traditional manufacturing mode, popularize green manufacturing technology, develop related basic technologies such as green materials, green energy, green design database and knowledge base, produce green products such as green cars and green refrigerators to protect the environment and improve resource efficiency, and regulate enterprise behavior with laws and regulations. With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, those enterprises that do not promote green manufacturing technology and produce green products will be eliminated in the market competition, so it is imperative to develop green manufacturing technology.
2. Present situation abroad
Government departments in many countries have launched "green plans" with the theme of protecting the environment. 199 1 year, Japan launched the "green industry plan", and the Canadian government also began to implement the "green plan" for environmental protection. The United States, Britain and Germany have also launched similar plans. At present, in some developed countries, in addition to a series of environmental protection measures taken by the government, consumers have been keen on the new trend of green consumption of environmental protection products, which has promoted the development of green manufacturing. Product green labeling system has been established one after another. Any product marked with "green label" graphics shows that the whole process of the product from production to use and recycling meets the requirements of environmental protection, and is harmless or not harmful to the ecological environment, which is conducive to the regeneration and recycling of resources and provides conditions for enterprises to develop sales and participate in international market competition. For example, German water-soluble coatings obtained environmental protection labels (green labels) from 198 1, and the trade volume increased by 20%. At present, 60 kinds of 3,500 products in Germany have obtained environmental labels. France, Switzerland, Finland and Australia implemented environmental labels on products in 199 1, Japan implemented environmental labels on products in 1992, and Singapore and Malaysia began to implement environmental labels in 1992. At present, more than 20 countries have implemented environmental labels on their products, which has promoted the development of "green products" in these countries and gained more status and share in the international market competition.
According to the analysis of international economic experts, at present, the proportion of "green products" is about 5- 10%. In another 10 year, all products will enter the green design family, which can be recycled, easily disassembled, and parts or whole machines can be refurbished and recycled. In other words, green products may become the leading products in the world commodity market in the future 10.
3. Domestic Research Foundation
With the support of the State Science and Technology Commission, the National Natural Science Foundation and relevant departments, some domestic universities and research institutes have conducted extensive research and exploration on green manufacturing technology.
The Research Institute of Mechanical Science has completed the key project of the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the State Science and Technology Commission-the selection of clean production technology and the establishment of database, and the research on the development trend and countermeasures of green design technology, a fund project of mechanical industry. The demand for green technology and the development trend of green design technology in nine major industries of machinery industry were investigated, and the development system of green design technology suitable for machinery industry was put forward for the first time in China. At the same time, the disassembly and recycling technology of automobile is also studied. At present, the national natural science foundation project "Research on the evaluation system of environmental green technology" is being carried out. On the basis of environmental protection green technology evaluation system, ETV evaluation technology is introduced into green design and green manufacturing of machinery manufacturing industry, and the green concept, description method and ETV evaluation system of manufacturing industry are established.
In order to establish a green university, Tsinghua University gives priority to developing and supporting green engineering technology. With the support of "Chinese Bridge" Fund and the National Natural Science Foundation of the United States, we have established an international cooperative relationship with the advanced manufacturing laboratory of Texas Tech University in the United States on the research of green design technology, systematically studied the green design theories and methods such as life cycle modeling, and made some progress.
Shanghai Jiaotong University has carried out the research on the green design technology of automobile recyclability, and cooperated with Ford Company to study the automobile recycling project in China. In cooperation with East China Branch of the Ministry of Internal Trade, the feasibility report of one-stop management mode of automobile sales, maintenance, used car trading and recycling in China was written. We have established a cooperative relationship with IWF Institute of Technical University of Berlin, Germany, and carried out research on recycling of waste industrial products.
Hefei University of Technology has carried out the research on the theory and key technology of mechanical product recycling design and the evaluation system of recycling index.
Chongqing University undertook the project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation and the research project of green manufacturing technology with the theme of National 863/CIMS, and mainly studied the architecture research of sustainable development CIMS (S-CIMS), cleaner production system and its implementation strategy, and cleaner production management information system.
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Beihang University and other universities have also carried out research on green manufacturing technology.
China has formed a professional team engaged in the research of green manufacturing technology, which has laid the foundation for the development of green manufacturing technology in China. [/Title] [Title]
Three. Objectives and main research contents of the Tenth Five-Year Plan
1. target
(1) put forward the theory and method of green design, establish the evaluation system of green product design indicators, put forward green design tools, and integrate them with other design tools (such as CAD, CAE, CAPP, etc.). ) form an integrated environment.
(2) Select some typical products in combination with enterprises, and establish product green manufacturing demonstration sites.
(3) Take automobiles as the object, provide recyclable and detachable complete sets of technologies, and jointly establish demonstration sites with enterprises.
2. Main research contents
Establishment of (1) green product design evaluation system model
① Theory and method of green product design
The connotation of green products is studied comprehensively and systematically from the perspective of life cycle, and the theory and method of green product design are put forward.
② Description and modeling technology of green products.
Based on the theory and method of green product design, this paper describes green products, establishes an evaluation system of green products, quantifies and evaluates all the process inputs and outputs related to the environment in the product life cycle, comprehensively evaluates the relationship between economic and environmental impacts in the product life cycle, and establishes a mathematical model.
③ Green product design database
Establish a basic database of materials, energy and air, water, soil and noise emissions related to green products, and provide a basis for green product design.
④ Green design system integration of typical products.
For specific products, collect and sort out the information of environment-oriented design, form a design guide to guide the design, establish a green product system design tool platform, and integrate with other design tools (such as CAD, CAE, CAPP, etc.). ) form an integrated design environment.
(2) Cleaner production technology of green products
① Resource-saving production technology
This project mainly studies from three aspects: reducing energy consumption in the production process, reducing raw material consumption and reducing other consumption in the production process.
② Production technology oriented to environmental protection
The main research is to reduce pollution in the production process, including reducing waste in the production process and reducing toxic and harmful substances (wastewater, waste gas, solid waste, etc.). ), reduce noise and vibration, etc.
③ product packaging technology
Packaging is the last link in the production process of products, and environmental factors should be considered in product packaging form, packaging materials and product storage and transportation.
(3) the detachable and recyclable technology of products
① detachable technology of products
The evaluation method and index system of product disassembly are put forward, and the module division and interface technology of detachable structure are studied.
② product recovery technology
Put forward the identification and classification system of recyclable parts and materials, carry out the research on parts reuse technology, including the repair and inspection of recyclable parts to make them meet the product design requirements, and carry out the research on reuse technology (including assimilation reuse and alienation reuse) and material reuse technology (including assimilation reuse and alienation reuse).
(4) Noise control technology of mechanical and electrical products
① Sound source identification, noise and sound field measurement and dynamic test, analysis and display technology;
(2) Calculation method and program of sound radiation of machine structure;
③ Vibration of machine structure and vibration control technology;
④ Low noise optimization design technology;
⑤ Low noise structures and materials;
⑥ New technology of vibration and noise reduction.
(5) Environment-oriented, energy-oriented and material-oriented green manufacturing technology.
① Environment-oriented green manufacturing technology
The related technologies that can make the product meet the environmental protection requirements such as water saving, gas reduction, solid reduction, vibration reduction and noise reduction are studied.
② Energy-oriented green manufacturing technology
Research on energy consumption optimization technology and energy control process optimization technology to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.
③ Green manufacturing technology of materials.
Study the technology of non-toxic and harmless materials, study the recycling of waste polymer materials, polymer filter materials-functional membrane materials, glass fiber felt reinforced thermoplastic composites and other green technologies. Technologies to improve the environmental performance of existing materials, etc. [/title]