In chronological order, the historical events related to the development of solar cells are summarized as follows:

In 1839, French scientist E.Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect of liquid (photovoltaic phenomenon for short).

in 1877, W.G.Adams and R.E.Day studied the photovoltaic effect of selenium, and made the first selenium solar cell.

in 1883, American inventor charlesFritts described the principle of the first selenium solar cell.

in 194, Hallwachs discovered that the combination of copper and cuprous oxide (Cu/Cu2O) has photosensitive properties. German physicist AlbertEinstein published a paper on photoelectric effect.

In 1918, Czochralski, a Polish scientist, developed the Czochralski process for growing monocrystalline silicon.

In 1921, German physicist Einstein won the Nobel Prize for physics for his theory of explaining photoelectric effect put forward in 194.

in 193, B.Lang studied cuprous oxide/copper solar cells and published a paper on "new photovoltaic cells"; W.Schottky published a paper on "New Cuprous Oxide Photocell".

in 1932, Audobert and Stora discovered the photovoltaic phenomenon of cadmium sulfide (CdS).

in 1933, L.O.Grondahl published the paper "Copper-Cuprous Oxide Rectifier and Photovoltaic Cell".

in 1941, Orr discovered the photovoltaic effect on silicon.

p-n junction was grown in 1951 to realize the preparation of single crystal germanium battery.

in 1953, Dr. DanTrivich of Wayne State University completed the first theoretical calculation of photoelectric conversion efficiency of various materials with different band gaps based on sunlight.

in 1954, P.Rappaport of RCA laboratory reported the photovoltaic phenomenon of cadmium sulfide (RCA: Radiology of America, American Radio Company).

Bell laboratory researchers D.M.Chapin, C.S.Fuller and G.L.Pearson reported the discovery of 4.5% efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cells, and the efficiency reached 6% after several months.

(Three scientists from Bell Laboratories have successfully developed monocrystalline silicon solar cells)

In 1955, WesternElectric began to sell commercial patents of silicon photovoltaic technology, and held an international solar conference at Arizona University. Hoffman Electronics launched a commercial solar cell product with an efficiency of 2%, with a battery of 14mW/ piece and 25 USD/piece, equivalent to 1,785 USD/w.

in 1956, P. P.Pappaport, J.J.Loferski and E.G.Linder published an article on "electron current effect of p-n junction of germanium and silicon".

in 1957, the efficiency of Hoffman electron single crystal silicon battery reached 8%; D.M.Chapin, C.S.Fuller and G.L.Pearson obtained the patent of "solar energy conversion device".

in 1958, T.Mandelkorn of American signal force made n/p single crystal silicon photovoltaic cell, which has strong radiation resistance, which is very important for space battery. The efficiency of Hoffman electron monocrystalline silicon battery reaches 9%; The first satellite, Pioneer 1, powered by photovoltaic cells, was launched. The photovoltaic cells were 1 cm ㎡ and .1W, which supplied power for a standby 5mW microphone.

In 1959, Hoffman Electronics realized that the efficiency of commercialized monocrystalline silicon cells reached 1%, and the series resistance of photovoltaic cells was significantly reduced by using grid electrodes. Satellite Explorer 6 launched, * * * with 96 solar cell arrays, each 2cm2, ***2W.

in 196, Hoffman realized that the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon battery reached 14%.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

Telstar, the first commercial communication satellite, was launched in 1962, and the power of solar cells used was 14W.

In 1963, Sharp successfully produced photovoltaic modules; Japan installed a 242W photovoltaic cell array in a lighthouse, which was the largest photovoltaic cell array in the world at that time.

in 1964, the spacecraft was launched with a 47W photovoltaic array.

in 1965, PeterGlaser and A.D.Little put forward the idea of satellite solar power station.

in 1966, it was launched by a large-orbit astronomical observatory with a 1W photovoltaic array.

In 1972, the French installed a cadmium sulfide photovoltaic system in a rural school in Niger, which was used to supply power for educational television.

In 1973, the University of Delaware built the world's first photovoltaic house.

In 1974, Japan launched the "Sunshine Plan" for photovoltaic power generation; Tyco grows the first EFG crystal silicon ribbon, 25mm wide and 457mm long (EFG: edgedefinedfilm-growth).

in 1977, the photovoltaic cells in the world exceeded 5KW; D.E.Carlson and C.R.Wronski made the world's first amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell on the basis of W.E.Spear's work of controlling p-n junction in 1975.

in 1979, the total installed solar cells in the world reached 1MW.

in 198, ARCO solar energy company was the first photovoltaic cell manufacturer with an annual output of 1MW in the world. Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. took the lead in making hand-held pocket calculator with amorphous silicon battery, and then completed batch production of amorphous silicon components and conducted outdoor tests.

in 1981, a photovoltaic plane named SolarChallenger flew successfully.

in 1982, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 9.3MW.

in 1983, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 21.3MW; A 1KW photovoltaic power vehicle named SolarTrek crossed Australia, and its journey reached 4km in 2 days.

In 1984, a commercial amorphous silicon solar cell module with an area of 929c㎡ came out.

in 1985, the price of monocrystalline silicon solar cell was 1USD/W; The solar cell efficiency of monocrystalline silicon developed by MartinGreen of New South Wales University in Australia reaches 2%.

in June 1986, ARCOSolar released g-4, the world's first commercial thin-film battery "power module".

in November, 1987, GMSunraycer won the PentaxWorldSolarChallengePV- Power Car Competition, with an average speed of about 71km/h, which was 31Km across Australia.

in 199, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 46.5MW.

in 1991, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 55.3MW; The efficiency of nano-TiO2 _ 2 dye-sensitized solar cell developed by Professor Gratzel in Switzerland reaches 7%.

in 1992, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 57.9MW.

in 1993, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 6.1MW.

in 1994, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 69.4MW.

in 1995, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 77.7MW; The total installation amount of photovoltaic cells reaches 5MW.

in 1996, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 88.6MW.

in 1997, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 125.8MW.

in 1998, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 151.7MW; The output of polysilicon solar cells surpassed that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells for the first time.

in 1999, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 21.3MW; M.A.Contreras of NREL reported that the efficiency of copper indium tin (CIS) solar cells reached 18.8%. Amorphous silicon solar cells account for 12.3% of the market.

in 2, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 399MW; WuX., Dherer. G., Aibind. S. and others reported that the efficiency of cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells reached 16.4%; The price of monocrystalline silicon solar cells is about 3 USD/w.

in 22, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 54MW; The price of polysilicon solar cells is about 2.2 USD/w.

in 23, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 76MW; The efficiency of LFC(Laserfired-contact) crystalline silicon solar cell in FraunhoferISE, Germany reaches 2%.

in 24, the annual output of solar cells in the world exceeded 12MW; The efficiency of German FraunhoferISE polysilicon solar cell reaches 2.3%; Amorphous silicon solar cells accounted for 4.4% of the market, down to 1/3 of that in 1999, and CdTe accounted for 1.1%. While CIS accounts for .4%.

in 25, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 1759MW.

the development history of solar power generation in China

as a new engine of the world economy, the photovoltaic industry in China has shown unprecedented vitality.

a large number of photovoltaic enterprises came into being, and now the photovoltaic output has reached the world leading level.

Now OFweek solar photovoltaic network takes you to review the history of solar energy development in China:

In 1958, China developed the first silicon single crystal

From 1968 to the end of 1969, Semiconductor Institute undertook the task of developing and producing silicon solar panels for "Shijian-1 Satellite".

In the research, the researchers found that the P+/N silicon solar cell will encounter electron radiation when it runs in space, which will cause the battery to decay and make it impossible to run in space for a long time.

in 1969, the semiconductor institute stopped the research and development of silicon solar cells, and subsequently, 18 Tianjin institutes developed and produced solar cell arrays for Dongfanghong-2, Dongfanghong-3 and Dongfanghong-4 series geosynchronous orbit satellites.

In 1975, solar cell factories were established in Ningbo and Kaifeng successively. The manufacturing process of solar cells imitated the early process of producing space cells, and the application of solar cells began to fall from space to the ground.

in 1998, China * * * began to pay attention to solar power generation, and planned to build the first 3MW polysilicon battery and application system demonstration project.

in 21, Wuxi suntech successfully established a 1MWp (MW) solar cell production line. in September 22, suntech's first 1MW solar cell production line was officially put into operation, with the production capacity equivalent to the sum of the national solar cell production in the previous four years, which shortened the gap between China and the international photovoltaic industry by 15 years.

from 23 to 25, driven by the European market, especially the German market, Suntech and Baoding Yingli continued to expand their production, and many other enterprises set up solar cell production lines one after another, which made the production of solar cells in China grow rapidly.

In 24, Luoyang Monocrystalline Silicon Factory and Zhongsi Hi-Tech, which was jointly established by China Nonferrous Design Institute, independently developed 12 pairs of energy-saving polysilicon reduction furnaces. On this basis, in 25, the first 3-ton polysilicon production project in China was completed and put into operation, thus opening the prelude to the great development of polysilicon in China.

in 27, China became the country that produced the most solar cells, and its output jumped from 4MW in 26 to 188MW.

in 28, the output of solar cells in China reached 26MW.

in 29, the output of solar cells in China reached 4MW.

in 26, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 25MW.

in 27, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 445MW.

in 28, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 79MW.

in 29, the annual output of solar cells in the world was 17MW.

in 21, the annual output of solar cells in the world will reach 152MW.