Gong Shaoli, Zhang Chunxiao

(Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Bureau, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 331)

Coal is an important energy source in Jiangxi, accounting for more than 7% of the province's energy, and this pattern will be difficult to change for a long time. Therefore, the protection of Jiangxi's energy depends largely on the protection degree of coal. However, the degree of coal security in our province is facing serious difficulties, and now the power cut is also a direct proof. There is a big gap in the demand for coal resources in Jiangxi, and the coal from other provinces is restricted by transportation conditions, which can not meet the demand, and the total amount of self-produced coal in this province is facing a decreasing situation. At this rate, the coal supply situation in Jiangxi will be more severe, which will seriously affect the development of Jiangxi's industry.

First, the replacement of coal resources in Jiangxi Province is tight

Jiangxi Coalfield Geology Bureau has been responsible for the exploration of coal resources in the province, and has accumulated proven reserves of 1.72 billion tons, accounting for more than 9% of the province's proven coal reserves, of which the final exploration reserves are 1.356 billion tons, accounting for 8.9%; Detailed investigation of 132 million tons, accounting for 7.9%; Census 156 million tons, accounting for 9.3%; 31 million tons of coal was sought, accounting for 1.9%, thus creating four major mining bureaus, namely Pingxiang, Fengcheng, Leping and Yinggangling, and important coal production bases, such as Hua Gu Shan, Tianhe and Daguangshan, which made important contributions to the development of coal resources in Jiangxi. This year, Jiangxi Coalfield Geology Bureau has successively completed the investigation on the crisis degree and peripheral resources of 1 large and medium-sized coal mine fields, including Qujiang Mine, Pinghu Mine, Jianxin Mine, Shangzhuang Mine, Leping Yangou Mine, Yongshan Mine, Xinyu Huagushan Mine, Pingxiang Anyuan Mine and Ji 'an Tianhe Mine. This is the pre-stage work for crisis mines to take over resource exploration. According to the provisions of the Outline, the survey data show that 8 of these 1 mines are in the ranks of "crisis mines".

the serious shortage of recoverable reserves is the main reason for the shortage of coal supply. At present, most of the 1.356 billion tons of well-built reserves finally explored have been exploited and utilized, and it is no longer possible to provide coal resources for building new wells. The present situation of coal resources exploration in Jiangxi Province is "two without two without little": there are no fine reserves for well construction design and utilization, no detailed reserves for fine investigation, few census reserves for detailed investigation and few coal reserves for general investigation. Moreover, the proportion of coal prospecting, general survey and detailed investigation in geological exploration is seriously out of balance, and many mines are facing the situation of exhausted resources and difficult replacement. It is estimated that by 21, 64 of the existing 112 coal mines in Jiangxi Province will be closed due to resource exhaustion. After 1 years, the vast majority of existing small coal mines will also die out due to the exhaustion of resources.

Jiangxi Coalfield Geology Bureau, which undertakes the search for coal resources in Jiangxi, faces the grim situation of coal resources replacement in our province, but there are still many underground resources in Jiangxi that have not been identified. Seeing it in the eyes, it is urgent in my heart and I feel deeply responsible. Our urgent task is to find the reserve coal resources with shallow burial, high coal quality and good mining conditions, intensify the geological exploration of coal resources, find out and increase the reserves of coal resources in Jiangxi Province, extend the service life of mines, relieve the employment pressure of employees in coal mining enterprises, alleviate the tight coal supply situation in Jiangxi Province and promote the sustainable development of coal industry.

2. There are broad prospects for exploration and development of coal resources in Jiangxi

In order to change the situation that geological exploration in Jiangxi is not connected with coal mine construction, we must first make a scientific analysis and correct judgment on the prospects of coal industry in our province. It should be said that the exploration and development of coal resources in Jiangxi Province has broad prospects.

1. To ensure the energy supply, geological prospecting must first

Jiangxi is a coal-deficient province, and the main coal resources are transferred from abroad. At present, the transferred coal can no longer meet the industrial needs of our province. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Jiangxi's annual coal demand will reach 36 million tons, with a demand gap of about 2 million tons. Under the current situation of transportation capacity, it is unrealistic and impossible to meet the needs of economic construction in our province by transferring coal from outside. Because, if 2 million tons of coal are transported from the north to Jiangxi every year, the Beijing-Kowloon line will become a coal transportation line, and our expressway will also become a coal transportation road, which will bring great pressure to railway and highway traffic; If the situation of tight coal supply cannot be solved, it will inevitably affect the development of Jiangxi's economic construction. Moreover, the excessive dependence on coal imported from other provinces and the increase of transportation cost will inevitably lead to the increase of coal sales price and related industrial production costs, which will restrict the market competitiveness of industrial products in our province. In order to reverse the passive situation of tight coal supply, the realistic and feasible way is to maintain the development of coal resources in our province and ensure a certain output of coal resources, so that the energy bottleneck in our province can be relatively unblocked and the degree of guarantee of energy supply can be increased. To do this, first of all, there must be some coal mining reserve resources as a guarantee to replace the mine and as a base for the extension and expansion of the old mine. In other words, to ensure the energy supply for the economic development of Jiangxi Province, the geological prospecting work must go ahead.

2. Jiangxi has good coal resources, many exploration targets and good prospects for coal exploration

Compared with several coal-deficient provinces in the south, Jiangxi is rich in coal resources, and many areas can be used as reserve bases for coal resources after further exploration. According to the data provided by Jiangxi Coalfield Geology Bureau in the third forecast coal in 1994, in addition to the proven reserves, our province also has a predicted resource of 4.82 billion tons, equivalent to 2.4 times of the proven reserves of 1.72 billion tons.

from the existing mining technology, level, industrial policy and economic rationality, the predicted resources with certain exploration and utilization prospects and economic significance are about 1.5 billion tons (of which 3 meters is 481 million tons shallower and 6 meters is 794 million tons shallower). This is roughly equivalent to the accumulated proven reserves of coal in the province (1.72 billion tons). In other words, the available coal reserves in Jiangxi Province are expected to double again, and the prospect of finding coal mine replacement resources is broad.

First, although the bare and semi-bare coalfields in Jiangxi Province have been basically explored, the periphery and depth of key mines in Jiangxi Province also have certain resource prospects, and only a few areas have done work, so there is still work to be done in general survey and coal prospecting.

Second, with the continuous introduction of new theories and technologies of coal prospecting geology, such as the application of nappe structure theory and sequence stratigraphy theory, the understanding of coalfield geology will be deepened, and the methods and ideas of coal prospecting will be broadened. Since the third forecast coal in 1994, Jiangxi coalfield geological system has put forward several new prospective resource areas through nappe structure research, such as Pingxiang Shiliwan-Dajiangbian, Anyuan North, Fengcheng Luobei, Yugan Shetou periphery, Chengqian (metamorphic rock distribution area) between Jingdezhen Bei 'an and Lanqiao, Xinfeng Bridge periphery and Chongyi Coal Mine periphery.

thirdly, a new understanding of paleogeography and coal accumulation law of coal-bearing basins in our province has brought new hope to coal prospecting prediction.

fourth, with the application of new coal mining methods and clean coal utilization technologies, such as coalbed methane gasification, coal seam liquefaction and gas drainage, some resources that are difficult to use at present are expected to be solved. Around coal mine production, there are still a lot of service fields to be developed urgently, and the exploration of coal-associated minerals, coalbed methane and other resources also has attractive prospects.

3. The benefits of coal mining are good, which is beneficial to a strong industrial province.

Jiangxi's coal industry has a long history of production, a large scale of production, a high level of mining technology and perfect production facilities. In the first two years, that is, during the period of low coal production price, according to the survey results of technical experts, about half of the coal mines directly engaged in coal production are profitable, and some coal mines with good resources and good mining conditions also have economic benefits and good market prospects. The investigation results of small township coal mines in our province show that about 1/3 coal mines are profitable, 1/3 coal mines are operating at breakeven and 1/3 coal mines are losing money. After nearly two years of national rectification of coal production and the closure of small coal mines, a gratifying good situation has emerged in coal production. Now, as long as the coal mine can produce normally, it can get more rich profits. This situation has brought a good opportunity for Jiangxi to make full use of the advantages of state-owned mines and revitalize key coal enterprises.

in a word, the current thinking of coal resources exploration and development in Jiangxi province should be: speeding up coal geological exploration, providing resources guarantee, actively developing coal and properly building new wells.

Third, the main problems existing in the exploration and development of coal resources in our province

1. The concept has not changed, which limits the development of Jiangxi coal industry

On the issue of coal mining in Jiangxi Province, there has always been a view that "it is better to buy coal than to dig coal in Jiangxi", which hinders the development of geological exploration in Jiangxi coalfields and also affects the enthusiasm of coal mining. Now the coal mine development has gained benefits, but it also suffers from the pressure of safety production. Our province has always been cautious about the development of coal resources, and does not allow individual funds to invest in the development of coal mines. We can only watch the provinces with large coal resources and neighboring provinces increase coal development efforts and form a booming market. In fact, coal mine safety problems can be completely solved by improving coal mine construction safety standards, strengthening safety production management and other measures, rather than choking on food. The market of resource exploration and development in other provinces is booming, and the entry of private capital is a very important factor. The booming development and trading market of other minerals in Jiangxi Province is also related to this. Therefore, emancipating the mind and changing ideas are the primary conditions for strengthening the exploration and development of coal resources in Jiangxi Province.

2. The exploration right has not been effectively operated, and the transfer of the original geological achievements cannot be affected by the planned economy. According to the traditional practice of using resources free of charge for decades, people do not know enough about the paid transfer of exploration right. Provincial state-owned coal mines still believe that the geological achievements formed by the original state investment should not be transferred with compensation, so they are unwilling to invest in it. However, due to the fact that the exploration and mining rights of coal mines have not been transferred to social capital and private capital, some coal exploration areas in our province have failed to continue exploration and development. In fact, the trading markets of coal exploration rights and geological achievements in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces are very prosperous now. The income from the transfer of exploration rights in Shandong and Anhui Coalfield Bureau is 2-3 million yuan, and that in other provinces is more than 1 million yuan. The income per ton of coal reserves is about .5-1. yuan, but there is no case of coal resources in our province so far. As a result, profitable state-owned coal mine owners are unwilling to invest in exploration, and investors who are willing to invest in exploration cannot obtain mining rights; Without the source of funds, unprofitable exploration units will not have the initiative to make a systematic and reasonable plan for the reserve base, nor will they be able to further explore the reserve base.

3. I don't know the truth and think that Jiangxi can't find new coal resources

In recent 1 years, due to the adjustment of the industrial structure of coalfield geological units, the funds used for coalfield exploration are seriously insufficient. Since the 199s, the annual drilling quantity of the Provincial Bureau of Coalfield Geology is only 1, ~ 2, meters, which can't meet the minimum engineering quantity requirements of coalfield geological exploration in our province. In 1999, after the localization of Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Bureau, it was even more difficult to win the national geological prospecting expenses, and only about 1 million yuan was won in the best year. The geological prospecting work is almost at a standstill, which leads to the lack of reserve bases for coal replacement, affects the sustainable development of coal production, and causes the gap between the investment in coal field geological exploration and the demand for resources in the development of coal industry. Objectively, it has also caused the current situation of the lack of well-building resources in our province. In fact, as long as Jiangxi can guarantee a certain amount of funds to invest in coalfield geological exploration every year, it is completely possible to submit several reports about 1 million tons of coal mine construction.

IV. Suggestions on strengthening the exploration and development of coal resources in our province

1. Establish a scientific concept of development and actively develop the coal industry

According to the actual situation of coal resources in our province and the requirements of economic development, and in line with the idea of "revitalizing the province through industry", actively develop coal and improve the self-sufficiency guarantee rate of coal in our province as much as possible. Correctly handle the relationship between coal resource development and utilization, mine replacement and resource security. Through a series of policies and measures, we will promote the moderate development of coal resources in our province, save a number of crisis mines, build some new wells, and strive to make the coal output in our province stable for a long time at an annual output of about 2 million tons, fundamentally alleviate the energy bottleneck in our province and ensure the revitalization of our coal industry.

2. Facing the reality, based on the long-term, expanding publicity

We should face up to the current situation of the lack of coal reserve resources in our province and deeply understand the serious impact of insufficient exploration investment on the production and development of coal mines in our province. However, this influence cannot be eliminated in a short period of time, and the situation should be truthfully reflected to the higher authorities. At the same time, we should base ourselves on the long-term and vigorously publicize the exploration prospect of coal resources in Jiangxi Province. As a provincial coalfield geological bureau specializing in coalfield geological exploration, it is fully competent to find some well-building bases with shallow burial, high coal quality and good mining conditions. It is necessary to establish the view that Jiangxi coalfield exploration should make a difference and expand the propaganda of geological prospecting prospects. The relevant government departments should pay attention to it, set up a special fund in coal exploration or set up an energy investment company, or take the form of holding shares in provincial coal mines, geological prospecting units and local shares on the basis of the company law, and take the road of joint exploration (running) of mines to activate the coal exploration market in our province and create a platform for the sustained and stable development of the coal industry.

3. Give full play to professional advantages and do a good job in coal resources exploration

The Provincial Bureau of Coalfield Geology is a professional bureau for coal resources exploration in our province, and has made detailed work achievements on the distribution and prospect of coal resources in the province. The exploration and development of coal resources in our province should give full play to the planning and exploration functions of the Provincial Bureau of Coalfield Geology, implement professional coalfield geological exploration, strictly abide by the access system of coal resources exploration, and ensure the quality of coalfield geological achievements.

4. fully mobilize the enthusiasm of geological prospecting units to operate mining rights and exploration rights

geological prospecting achievements and materials are intangible assets accumulated by geological prospecting units for a long time, and they are also the only products of geological prospecting units. The Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that mineral exploration reports and other valuable exploration materials should be used for compensation. It is suggested that the provincial government give geological prospecting units the right to exploit and utilize past geological achievements with compensation. Geological prospecting units have mastered a lot of geological prospecting data and information. Only by mobilizing the enthusiasm of geological prospecting units can these data and information be fully developed and utilized, be more open to the society, and attract more investors' funds to enter the development of mineral resources in our province. At the same time, geological prospecting units are encouraged to raise funds for geological exploration themselves, and the proceeds from the transfer of their achievements are mainly owned by geological prospecting units. While establishing the concept of "paid use" of geological data, we should strengthen the confidentiality of geological data. The data management center shall be responsible for the confidentiality of data during the confidentiality period, and the units and individuals that leak data shall be severely punished to protect the legitimate rights of geological prospecting units and investors.

5. Open up new ideas and actively create a market atmosphere of diversified investment and financing in geological prospecting

In view of the low level of coal resources protection in Jiangxi Province, it is obvious that enterprises should establish the concept of "whoever mines will invest", and the government should also give preferential policies to encourage them to invest in well construction exploration and even risk exploration. Implement relevant policies and regulations, promote the maturity of the coal exploration right market, do a good job in the paid transfer of mining rights and exploration rights, promote the maturity of the coal exploration right market, and stimulate investors' mining enthusiasm. Formulate preferential policies to attract companies and individual consortia with abundant capital to invest in exploration. Foreign capital can be introduced for joint venture exploration.

6. Strive for coal resources exploration and development projects through multiple channels, and strive for financial support from the state and the province.

We can strive for the following projects through multiple channels: strive to include coal resources investigation projects in the general survey of land and resources; Strive for national government funds from resources compensation fees or geological prospecting subsidies; from