what is the risk return among funds, funds and profits and losses?
A: Securities investment funds are a kind of collective securities investment mode with * * * benefits and * * * risks, that is, through issuing fund units, investors' funds are concentrated, which are managed by fund custodians and managed and used by fund managers to invest in financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.
stock is a certificate issued by a joint-stock company to prove the shares held by shareholders, and it is the form of the company's shares. Investors become the owners of the issuing company by buying shares, get operating income according to their shareholding shares and participate in major decision-making voting.
bonds refer to securities issued in accordance with legal procedures and agreed to repay the principal and interest within a certain period. Its characteristics are fixed income and less risk.
Compared with stocks and bonds, securities investment funds have the following differences:
(1) The status of investors is different. Shareholders are shareholders of the company and have the right to express their opinions on major decisions of the company; The bondholder is the creditor of the bond issuer and has the right to recover the principal and interest at maturity; The holder of the fund unit is the beneficiary of the fund, which reflects the trust relationship.
(2) The degree of risk is different. In general, the risk of stocks is greater than that of funds. For small and medium-sized investors, due to the limitation of the total amount of disposable assets, they can only directly invest in a few stocks, which violates the investment taboo of "putting all their eggs in one basket". When the stocks they invest in fall due to the stock market or the financial situation of enterprises deteriorates, their capital may be wiped out; The basic principle of the fund is portfolio investment, risk diversification, and investment in securities with different maturities and types in different proportions to minimize risks. Under normal circumstances, the principal of bonds is guaranteed, the income is relatively fixed, and the risk is smaller than that of funds.
(3) The income situation is different. The returns of funds and stocks are uncertain, while the returns of bonds are certain. Under normal circumstances, fund returns are higher than bonds. Take American investment funds as an example. During the five years from 1976 to 1981, the income growth rate of 25 kinds of funds, such as international investor funds, averaged 31.6%, of which the highest growth investor fund in the 2th century was 46.5%, and the lowest one was 24.3%. In 1996, the interest rates of two kinds of five-year government bonds issued in China were only 13.6% and 8.8% respectively.
(4) Different investment methods. Unlike investors in stocks and bonds, securities investment funds are an indirect way of securities investment. Investors in funds no longer directly participate in the trading of securities and bear investment risks, but experts are specifically responsible for the determination of investment direction and the selection of investment objects.
(5) the price orientation is different. In the case of consistent macro-political and economic environment, the price of the fund is mainly determined by the net asset value; The main factor affecting bond prices is interest rate; The stock price is greatly influenced by the relationship between supply and demand.
(6) The ways of investment recovery are different. Bond investment has a certain term, and the principal will be recovered after the expiration; Stock investment is indefinite. Unless the company goes bankrupt and goes into liquidation, investors are not allowed to recover their investment from the company. If they want to recover it, they can only realize it at market price in the stock exchange market. Investment funds are different depending on the form of funds held: closed-end funds have a certain term, after which investors can share the corresponding remaining assets according to their shares. It can also be realized in the trading market during the closed period; Open-end funds generally have no term, but investors can ask the fund manager for redemption at any time.
although several investment tools have the above differences. But there are also many connections between them:
funds, stocks and bonds are all securities, and investments in them are all securities investments. The division of fund shares is similar to that of stocks: stocks are divided by "shares" and their total assets are calculated; Fund assets are divided into several "fund units", and investors share the value-added income of the fund according to the share of holding fund units. Contractual closed-end funds are similar to bonds, and their investment is recovered once the contract expires. In addition, stocks and bonds are the investment targets of securities investment funds, and there are stock funds and bond funds that specialize in stocks and bonds abroad.
both speculative funds and stocks need value investment. as long as we pay attention to the line of value, we must first know that the market changes every day if we want to know more about the trend of the market, we must know the technical indicators. Investing in stocks requires time and experience, continuous study and mastery of various knowledge. You need to know what kind of funds and stocks to choose, how to choose funds, the risks of stocks, the impact of policies on the stock market, and recognize the most basic common sense before you can make investments. Learn more about investment issues through a big website. Remember that life needs planning, money needs to be taken care of, investment is risky, and you need to be cautious when entering the market.