What is the content of learning the five development concepts of the 13th Five-Year Plan? On October 29th, the communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward five development concepts of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and enjoyment" for the first time.
1. The concept of innovation
We must put innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and constantly promote innovation in theory, system, science and technology, culture and other aspects, so that innovation can run through all the work of the party and the country and become a common practice in the whole society.
2. the concept of coordination
focuses on promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, promoting the coordinated development of economy and society, promoting the synchronous development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and paying attention to enhancing the soft power of the country while strengthening its hard power, and constantly enhancing the integrity of development.
3. The concept of green
promotes the harmony between man and nature, constructs a scientific and reasonable pattern of urbanization, agricultural development, ecological security and natural coastline, and promotes the establishment of a green and low-carbon circular development industrial system.
4. The concept of opening
We must enrich the connotation of opening to the outside world, improve the level of opening to the outside world, promote strategic mutual trust, economic and trade cooperation and people-to-people exchanges in coordination, and strive to form a deeply integrated and mutually beneficial cooperation pattern.
5. On the concept of * * * enjoyment
According to the requirements of everyone's participation, everyone's efforts and everyone's enjoyment, we should stick to the bottom line, highlight key points, improve the system, guide expectations, pay attention to fair opportunities, guarantee basic people's livelihood, and realize that all people will enter a well-off society in an all-round way. In response to the "universal two-child" policy of public concern, the communique made it clear for the first time that a couple can have two children in an all-round way.
Interpretation of the Five Development Concepts
Idea 1: Innovation
We must put innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and constantly promote innovations in theory, system, science and technology, culture and other aspects, so that innovation can run through all the work of the party and the country and become a common practice in the whole society
Communiqué of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the China Producer Party (. "To persist in innovation and development, we must put innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, and constantly promote innovations in various aspects such as theoretical innovation, institutional innovation, scientific and technological innovation, and cultural innovation, so that innovation can run through all the work of the party and the country and become a common practice in the whole society."
"Innovation is indeed a major strategic decision made by the central authorities. It is based on the increasingly fierce international competition, and our country's economy has entered a new normal. The core of the new normal is speed change, structural optimization and power conversion. Only by innovation can we enhance the endogenous power of our economy. " Xu Shaoshi, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, introduced.
under the development concept of "innovation", the proposal carries out innovation from seven aspects: new power, new space, innovation-driven development strategy, new system of agriculture and industry, new system and macro-control mode.
The Proposal clearly states the "new impetus": the roles of consumption, investment and export are foundation, key and promotion respectively. Consumption focuses on "service consumption" rather than product consumption, and the direction of consumption is intelligence, green, health and safety. As for export, it is the first time to put forward the strategy of "implementing superior import and superior export", promote international cooperation in production capacity and equipment manufacturing, focus on capital and technology-intensive industries, and improve the position of China's industries in the global value chain.
what does steady growth depend on? "First of all, we should give full play to the key role of investment. The current investment is to make up the shortcomings and adjust the structure. " Xu Shaoshi said, "The goal of economic development is to stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust the structure, benefit people's livelihood, prevent risks, and stabilize growth."
For "new space", it mainly refers to areas, industries, networks, infrastructure and oceans.
in the section "expanding the space of network economy", the proposal puts forward many specific plans. First of all, the implementation of the "internet plus" action plan, the development of Internet of Things technology and applications, and the "development of sharing economy", a typical model of network economy, have been clearly established as the focus of network economy development, so as to promote the integrated development of Internet and economy and society. At the same time, the "National Big Data Strategy" was included in the planning document for the first time, which will mainly promote the openness and enjoyment of data resources.
"Implementing the strategy of strengthening the country by network" is placed in the section "Expanding the space for infrastructure construction", with the emphasis on "accelerating the construction of a new generation of high-speed, mobile, secure and ubiquitous information infrastructure". In addition, expanding the space for industrial and infrastructure construction will mainly rely on "accelerating the opening of competitive businesses in natural monopoly industries such as electric power, telecommunications, transportation, oil, natural gas and municipal utilities".
According to Xu Shaoshi, there are about three aspects to carry out the innovation-driven development strategy: institutional reform and government reform; Support a series of projects, plans and industries; Mass entrepreneurship and innovation.
Xu Shaoshi introduced that a series of projects, plans and industries will be supported: first, a number of national laboratories will be established in major innovation fields; Second, accelerate the formation of a number of innovative leading enterprises with international competitiveness to support the healthy development of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises; Third, systematically promote comprehensive innovation reform experiments in qualified provinces and regions, and strive to make breakthroughs in key links and key areas; Fourth, strengthen the construction of national innovation ability, and build a number of platforms for industrial technological innovation; Fifth, vigorously cultivate and develop strategic emerging industries.
Among them, the agricultural and industrial systems are listed separately, while the financial reform is not listed as a separate aspect, but is placed under the chapter of "system reform", alongside the reform of administrative management system, the optimization of enterprise development environment and the reform of state-owned enterprises.
with regard to financial reform, the goal of the proposal is to "accelerate the reform of the financial system and improve the efficiency of financial services to the real economy". Specific measures include expanding private capital to enter the banking industry and focusing on strengthening financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises and rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas.
as for the "new system", the "proposal" proposes, "to establish a system that is compatible with the responsibility of affairs and expenditure, and moderately strengthen the responsibility of central affairs and expenditure. Improve the government procurement policy that gives priority to the use of innovative products and green products. "
For the innovation of macro-control, the Proposal clearly states, "Reduce the government's intervention in price formation, fully liberalize the prices of goods and services in competitive fields, and liberalize the prices of competitive links in electric power, oil, natural gas, transportation and telecommunications."
concept 2: coordination
it mainly starts from four aspects: regional coordination, integration of urban and rural areas, equal emphasis on material civilization and spiritual civilization, integration of economic construction and national defense construction, focusing on broadening development space in coordinated development and strengthening development stamina in weak areas
according to the proposal, coordination is an inherent requirement for sustained and healthy development. We must firmly grasp the overall layout, correctly handle the major relations in development, focus on promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, promote the coordinated development of economy and society, promote the synchronous development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, and pay attention to improving the soft power of the country while strengthening its hard power, so as to continuously enhance the integrity of development.
For regional cooperation, it is expounded in the chapter "Expanding New Regional Space" in the chapter "Innovation": with the construction of "Belt and Road", the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the guide, a vertical and horizontal economic axis belt dominated by coastal economic belts along the Yangtze River will be formed, and three urban agglomerations of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta will be optimized to form Northeast China, Central Plains, Middle Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and Guanzhong Plain. It is foreseeable that state-level urban agglomerations and new districts will continue to emerge.
in the chapter of coordination, two points are added to "regional coordination": first, two growth poles are defined: Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Yangtze River Economic Belt. "Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, optimize the urban spatial layout and industrial structure, orderly relieve the functions of Beijing's non-capital, promote transportation integration, expand environmental capacity and ecological space, and explore new modes of optimal development in densely populated areas. Promote the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, improve the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin, build a comprehensive three-dimensional traffic corridor from a high starting point, and guide the industrial optimization layout and division of labor. " Secondly, support the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas to accelerate development, and increase support for difficult areas such as resource depletion, industrial decline and serious ecological degradation.
regarding the coordination between material civilization and spiritual civilization, the proposal emphasizes that "social benefits should be put in the first place and social and economic benefits should be unified".
Among them, the digitalization of culture and the going out of China culture are regarded as the key points, "promoting the integration and development of traditional media and emerging media, speeding up the digitalization of media and creating a number of new mainstream media. Optimize the media structure and standardize the communication order. Strengthen the capacity building of international communication, innovate ways of external communication, cultural exchange and cultural trade, and promote Chinese culture to go global. "
it is worth noting that * * * * * the new think tank and the Chinese classics collation project have been formally included in the planning "Proposal": "Prosperity and development of literature and art, press and publication, radio, film and television. Implement the innovation project of philosophy and social sciences and build a new type of think tank. We will build a heritage system of Chinese excellent traditional culture, strengthen the protection of cultural heritage, revitalize traditional crafts, and implement the project of sorting out Chinese classics. Strengthen and improve grassroots propaganda and ideological and cultural work and deepen all kinds of mass spiritual civilization creation activities. "
Concept 3: Green
We must adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, adhere to sustainable development, firmly follow the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, form a new pattern of modernization with harmonious development between man and nature, promote the construction of beautiful China, and make new contributions to global ecological security
The Proposal puts forward new objectives and requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way.
what environmentalists expect most is that vertical law enforcement by environmental protection departments is expected to be formally implemented. In the past two years, China has successively promulgated a number of measures, such as "the strictest environmental protection law" and "the strictest water treatment". However, in the process of implementation, due to "the power of the environmental protection department is too small", it is impossible to effectively implement laws and regulations. The Proposal clearly puts forward that "an enterprise emission permit system covering all fixed pollution sources should be established, and a vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement by environmental protection agencies below the provincial level should be implemented".
"developing green finance and setting up a green development fund" is clearly written into the section "promoting the harmony between man and nature". According to the reporter's understanding, this is the result of long-term research by green finance researchers such as Ma Jun, chief economist of the central bank.
"In the future, all listed companies will disclose green development indicators. The Green Finance Professional Committee of China Finance Association has submitted a proposal to the Securities Law Amendment Group to increase the mandatory requirement for listed companies and bond issuing enterprises to disclose environmental information. " Ma Jun said in an interview with the reporter of International Finance News on the sidelines of the Bloomberg New Energy Forum.
In order to strengthen the disclosure of corporate environmental information, Ma Jun put forward four suggestions: first, he believed that it was necessary to pass legislation to force listed companies and bond-issuing enterprises to disclose environmental information; Secondly, the exchange should make clear the contents and templates of disclosure through specific regulations, and require quantitative and regular disclosure of key information, especially major pollution emission indicators; Thirdly, give play to the role of intermediary agencies in evaluating, supervising, guiding and encouraging environmental information disclosure; Finally, we should continue to strengthen the supervision and law enforcement of environmental information disclosure.
the proposal also proposes to use market prices to improve the utilization rate of resources, "establish and improve the initial distribution system of energy use rights, water use rights, emission rights and carbon emission rights, innovate the paid use, budget management, investment and financing mechanisms, cultivate and develop the trading market", "implement contract energy management and contract water-saving management" and "innovate the property rights model and guide all funds to invest in afforestation".
Ma Jun agrees with this move. "It is to make people who waste resources and destroy the environment pay the price by means of market price, so as to promote green development."
In addition to the market price mechanism, the green indicator assessment of officials has also been formally included in the planning proposal. "Take the city and county administrative regions as a unit, establish a spatial governance system consisting of spatial planning, use control, outgoing audit of leading cadres' natural resources assets, and differentiated performance assessment."
Idea 4: Opening up
We must conform to the trend of China's deep integration into the world economy, pursue an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win, adhere to the coordination of internal and external needs, balance import and export, pay equal attention to bringing in and going out, attract foreign investment and attract technology and wisdom, develop a higher-level open economy, actively participate in global economic governance and supply of public goods, and improve China's institutional voice in global economic governance. Building a broad community of interests * * *
Not only China people, but also foreign-funded financial institutions are staying up late to translate, research and publish the research report on the 13th Five-Year Plan.
The reporter of International Finance News found that a few days after * * * * * issued the Proposal, foreign economists from several overseas financial institutions published research reports in English, and some people called it "a China document that must be carefully studied".
"open development" is also one of the five core concepts in the 13th Five-Year Plan. The "Proposal" stated that opening up is the only way for the country to prosper and develop.
according to the proposal, "the convertibility of RMB under capital account will be realized in an orderly manner, and the RMB will be promoted to join the SDR to become a convertible and freely usable currency. Change the management and use of foreign exchange, from a positive list to a negative list. Relax foreign exchange restrictions on overseas investment, relax foreign exchange management requirements for enterprises and individuals, and relax restrictions on overseas operation of multinational companies' funds. Strengthen the monitoring of international payments and maintain the basic balance of international payments. Promote the two-way opening of the capital market, improve and gradually cancel the restrictions on domestic and foreign investment quotas. "
China will carry out deeper and higher quality "going in and going out".
The Proposal proposes to "implement a positive import policy and open the market to the world", "fully implement the pre-entry national treatment plus negative list management system to promote equal treatment and fair competition between domestic and foreign-funded enterprises", and "open the service industry to the outside world in an orderly manner and expand market access for banks, insurance, securities and pension".
Equipment industry and service trade will become the main supporting industries for export. The "Proposal" proposes to "promote the transformation of foreign trade to high quality and good price, excellent import and export, and expand new export-oriented industries such as equipment manufacturing. Develop trade in services. "
In the future, a number of commodity bases built by China will appear overseas, and international financial platforms will emerge one after another. The Proposal clearly states, "Build a batch of overseas production bases for bulk commodities and cultivate a batch of multinational enterprises", "Actively build a cooperative financial service platform for international production capacity and equipment manufacturing", "Strengthen cooperation with international financial institutions, participate in the construction of Asian infrastructure investment banks and BRICS new development banks, give play to the role of Silk Road Fund, and attract international funds to build an open and diversified financial cooperation platform".
Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan will also get more opportunities. The "Proposal" proposes to "support Hong Kong to consolidate the three major centers of international finance, shipping and trade.