1. international monetary fund (IMF)
1944 In July, the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference adopted the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, which was formally established in February 1945.
International Monetary Fund. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations, with more than 150 member countries and its headquarters in Washington.
Purpose of establishment:
(1) Promote international monetary cooperation;
(2) Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade, so as to improve the employment and income levels of member countries and make production resources available.
Development;
(3) Promote exchange rate stability, maintain normal exchange relations and avoid devaluation of competitive currencies;
(4) Assist member countries to establish a multilateral payment system and abolish foreign exchange controls that hinder the development of international trade;
(5) Help member countries to increase their international income and solve their balance of payments difficulties through loans.
Play a role:
(1) has realized the international monetary system based on the fixed exchange rate system. At present, the currencies of more than 50 member countries are euros.
Convertible currency of the organization.
(2) Maintain the normal operation of the world monetary system.
(3) Temporarily eased the balance of payments difficulties. For example, lending to deficit countries to solve the balance of payments difficulties.
2. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
The World Bank for short was signed according to 1944 at the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, USA in July.
The International Monetary Fund Agreement was established simultaneously with the International Monetary Fund in 1945 and 65438+February. It belongs to the United Nations.
Another specialized agency. There are more than 150 member countries headquartered in Washington. The name at that time was the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
It was called the World Bank, and later, with the development of the international situation, several professional institutions were established. Currently, the World Bank Group includes
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation and Multilateral Investment Guarantee.
Institution (MIGA).
Purpose of establishment:
(1) Promote productive investment and assist member countries in economic recovery, production and resource development;
(2) promoting private foreign loans and investments;
(3) Encourage international investment and develop the productive resources of member countries;
(4) Cooperate with international loans to provide credit guarantee.
Play a role:
(1) is conducive to the economic recovery of western European countries since World War II;
(2) 1948, the loan object turned to Asia, Africa and Latin America to provide financial support for newly independent countries;
(3) promoting infrastructure construction and agricultural development in developing countries;
(4) It has promoted the vigorous development of private enterprises in developed countries.
3. Bank for International Settlements and other (omitted) (2) Regional international financial institutions Among regional international financial institutions, international development banks in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and monetary systems in Europe and America.
A certain representativeness is an important supplement to global international financial institutions. 1. The Asian Development Bank was established in June 1966, 1 1. It was developed by developed countries, developing countries and regions in Asia and some other countries.
Intergovernmental international financial organizations. Headquartered in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Purpose: To organize the absorption of official and private funds in the Asia-Pacific region for the economic development of developing countries and regions in this region.
Resources development and utilization, expanding foreign trade, agricultural production, infrastructure and other financial and technical assistance, and with the United Nations.
Relevant departments cooperate to carry out joint loan or investment activities.
2. African Development Bank
The Bank was established in September 1964, and its member countries are 50 independent African countries, with its headquarters in Abbey, the capital of Ivory Coast.
Jane. This is an intergovernmental mutual assistance activity jointly organized by African countries with the support of the United Nations Economic Commission.
International financial institutions. The Bank has four affiliated organizations, namely, the African Development Fund, the Nigerian Trust Fund and the African Investment Corporation.
Division and African reinsurance company, concentrate financial resources to develop African economy. The original 50 members of the bank are all from Africa.
The economic strength of independent countries in this region is relatively weak. In order to strengthen the Bank's capital strength, the Bank approved it at the annual meeting of 18.
An amendment allows the United States, Japan, Western Europe and other developed countries to join the organization, making the bank's capital from 2.9 billion US dollars, fast.
Accelerate to $6 billion.
Purpose: To provide funds for the economic and social development of member countries, make them self-sufficient in material, and assist the African continental system.
To formulate the overall development strategy and development plan of member States in order to realize African economic integration.
3. Inter-American Development Bank
According to the Agreement on the Establishment of the Inter-American Development Bank signed by the United States and Latin American countries in April 1959, the bank was established in 1960.
Established on June, 2008 1 day. This bank is an intergovernmental international financial organization jointly established by Latin American countries and other western countries.
The Bank has 43 member countries, 1985, including 25 in Latin America and 18 in other countries. Headquartered in Washington.
Purpose: To organize and absorb funds from inside and outside Latin America, provide loans for the economic and social development of Latin American member countries, and promote Latin America.
D American economic and social development. Meanwhile, what is the setting of the bank? Quot Latin American integration association, responsible for economic development in Latin America.
Academic exchange, technical training and consulting services in the process of integration.
4. European monetary system
This is one of the long-term goals of the European Economic Community. Six Western European countries (France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium)
In order to strengthen the political and economic union, Leahy and Luxembourg established the "* * * Common Market" on1958 65438+1kloc-0/. United Kingdom, 1973
China, Ireland and Denmark joined, and the membership was expanded to nine countries. 198 1 year, Greece joined and expanded to ten countries. 1986 Spain,
Portugal participated, and the number of member countries increased to 12.
Goal:
(1), realizing a unified European currency exchange rate mechanism (1990 July1);
(2) Establishing a unified European currency (Euro);
(3) Establish the European Central Bank.
Content:
(1), the European monetary unit (ECU is to calculate the currencies of 12 member countries in different proportions) is European goods.
The core of the monetary system;
(2) Expanding the joint floating range of Western European currencies and implementing a dual exchange rate management mechanism; Establish the European Monetary Fund and strengthen the work.
Pre-sales ability.
Function:
(1) and "European monetary unit" have obviously improved their status and their uses are expanding day by day;
(2) The strong European Monetary Fund enhances the stability of the floating mechanism;
(3) The establishment of the European monetary system provides experience for the reform of the international monetary system.