1, the fastest air transportation. At present, the aircraft speed has reached 800 ~ 1000 km/h, and the single voyage can reach more than 10000km, which is the fastest transportation mode. In the process of passengers' travel, the speed advantage of the plane itself is unshakable, but because the airport is generally far from the urban area, passengers will be delayed on their way to the airport.

2. The technical speed of railway transportation is relatively high, generally 80 ~ 250 km/h, but in the process of train operation, on the one hand, technical operations such as yield (single track) and crossing (double track) need to be carried out, so the running speed is lower than the technical speed. According to statistics, in 20 13 years, the technical speed of passenger trains was 82. 1km/h, the travel speed of passenger trains was 72.6km/h, the technical speed of freight trains was 48.6km/h, and the travel speed of freight trains was 34.3 km/h.

3. The short-distance transportation speed of highway transportation is relatively high, and the running speed is generally 80 ~120 km/h. ..

4. The technical speed of waterway shipping is relatively slow and the punctuality is poor. The speed of ships at sea is generally 25 ~ 27 knots, the speed of inland passenger ships is 13 ~ 15 km/h, and the speed of inland cargo ships is 8 ~ 15 knots.

5. The conveying speed of pipeline is influenced by pipe diameter, conveying object and pipeline technology.

Comparison of transport capacity

1. Water transport capacity is the largest, ranging from thousands of tons of ships to 500,000-600,000 tons of ocean tankers. The loading capacity of a 10,000-ton ship is equivalent to 200-300 wagons of railway freight cars and 5-6 trains.

2. Railway transportation, generally, each passenger train can carry about 1.800 people, a freight train can carry 2,000 ~ 3,500 tons, and a heavy-duty train can carry more than 20,000 tons. In countries with good operation organization, the annual maximum cargo transportation capacity of single track and single track is180,000 tons, and that of double track is 55 million tons. The annual maximum cargo transportation capacity of single track and single track is 40 million tons, and that of double track is 65.438+100 million tons.

3. Pipeline transportation: A coal transportation pipeline with a diameter of 720mm can transport 20 million tons of coal a year, which is almost equivalent to the one-way transportation capacity of a single-track railway. The transportation capacity of a 564 mm pipeline is100000 tons per year.

The carrying capacity of the plane is very small. Even a large Boeing 747 cargo plane, such as Boeing 747-8 cargo plane, has a total passenger capacity of only 140 tons (154 tons), while Airbus A-380 can only carry 850 passengers when it adopts the highest density seating arrangement, and can only download passengers in a typical third-class configuration (first class-business class-economy class).

5. Road vehicles have the smallest load capacity, usually 5 ~ 10 tons.

Transportation cost comparison

1, the railway freight cost structure has two most remarkable characteristics.

(1) Expenses unrelated to telephone traffic (refer to the operation and maintenance expenses of lines, communication equipment, large-scale buildings and technical buildings, and the salary of managers, etc. ) accounts for about 50% of the railway freight cost. The cost per kilometer of single-track railway is between 6,543,800 and 3 million yuan, and that of double-track railway is between 4 million and 5 million yuan. The energy consumption of railway transportation is relatively low. The standard fuel consumption of automobile transportation is111~1/5, and that of civil aviation transportation is1174, but these two indicators are higher than those of coastal areas and inland areas.

(2) The starting and ending operating expenses account for about 18% of the transportation cost, so the transportation cost is high when the transportation distance is short, and the cost can be greatly reduced only when the transportation distance is long.

2. The basic cost of water transport industry consists of high variable cost and low fixed cost.

(1) Due to the long average shipping distance, the shipping cost is much lower than other modes of transportation. Waterway transportation only needs to use natural water resources such as rivers, lakes and seas. Apart from buying ships to build ships and ports, there is almost no investment in coastal waterways, and the waterway regulation cost is only 1/3 ~ 1/5 of the railway construction cost.

(2) The cost of waterway transportation is low, which is only 40% of China's railways, 1/8 of American railways, 84% of Yangtze River trunk railways and 1/3 ~ 1/4 of American railways. However, the cost of handling and loading and unloading is high, and the workload of loading and unloading is large.

3. The cost structure of air transportation can be divided into two parts: operating cost and period cost.

(1) The operating costs of airlines refer to various expenses incurred in the flight production process. Operating costs include direct operating costs and indirect operating costs. Among them, the direct operating costs include fuel costs, air material consumption, airport take-off and landing fees, aircrew salaries, bonuses, allowances and subsidies, aircraft engine depreciation fees, operating lease fees, domestic and foreign catering supplies fees, etc. Indirect operating expenses mainly refer to the expenses incurred by the maintenance management department to ensure the safe and normal flight of the aircraft.

(2) Period expenses refer to the expenses incurred in the current period that cannot be directly classified into the products of an airline, including management expenses, sales expenses, financial expenses, main business taxes, surcharges, civil aviation infrastructure construction funds, etc.

4. The cost structure of road freight includes high variable cost and low fixed cost. The operating cost of road freight is generally many times higher than that of railway and water transport.

5. The fixed cost of pipeline transportation industry is relatively high, while the proportion of variable cost is low.

Comparison of transportation flexibility

1. Road transportation is flexible and fast, which is convenient for door-to-door transportation. Highway transportation has the advantages of fast transportation speed, strong adaptability to different natural conditions and great flexibility in space activities, especially in the short-distance transportation of some goods. At the same time, road transportation can directly go deep into small and medium-sized cities, remote mountainous areas and rural areas, and can realize "door-to-door" direct transportation, reduce transit links, speed up the delivery of goods, improve the quality of freight and speed up capital turnover.

2. Air transportation has great mobility, and the aircraft runs in the air, which is less affected by geographical factors. It can be achieved by providing necessary facilities at both ends of the route, which is highly mobile. Especially for those urgent and small transportation needs, such as disaster relief, military and police, air transportation can show the characteristics of flexibility.

3. The flexibility of waterway transportation is relatively poor. Because it is sailing on water, it will inevitably be disturbed by climatic factors, and the channel grade and the water depth of the harbor are quite different, which makes the water transportation less flexible and direct, and often requires the cooperation of other modes of transportation on the ground to complete the transportation process and deliver the goods to the destination.

4. The flexibility of railway transportation and pipeline transportation is poor.

Comparison of transportation safety

1, pipeline transportation can ensure transportation safety, because pipeline transportation mainly depends on mechanical operation and only needs a small amount of labor.

2. Generally speaking, railways are safer than civil aviation, but the running speed of high-speed rail is above 250km/h, and the safety factor remains to be seen. Since 2008, there have been many derailment and collision accidents in China's railways, such as the "4.28" Ji Jiao Railway, the "6.29" Chenzhou bullet train collision in 2009, and the 2011"7.23" Ningbo-Wenzhou bullet train accident. High-speed rail accidents abroad are also very common in recent years, so after the high-speed rail network,

3. The civil aviation industry has always taken continuous safety as the primary goal, and has been operating for many years. At present, civil aviation is the only mode of transportation that implements normal and strict security inspection, which also determines that the safety of civil aviation is much higher than that of railway transportation.

4. Waterway transportation is influenced by environmental factors and weather factors, and its safety is poor.

5. The poor safety of highway transportation is mainly due to the high complexity of the organization and operation of highway transportation and the uncontrollable situation of vehicles and drivers to a certain extent, which makes the accident rate of highway transportation much higher than that of other modes of transportation, and the safety is poor.

Extended data

Among all kinds of modes of transportation, how to choose the appropriate mode of transportation is an important issue in the rationalization of logistics. Generally speaking, it should be decided by the service level required by the logistics system and the allowable logistics cost. You can use one mode of transportation or a mixed mode of transportation. To decide the mode of transportation, we can carefully study and consider the following five specific projects on the basis of considering the specific situation:

1, commodity variety

The variety, nature and shape of the goods should be stated in the packaging project, and the transportation mode suitable for these goods should be selected. The freight bearing capacity of the goods should also be seriously considered.

2. Time limit for transportation

The transportation time limit must be related to the delivery date, and the transportation time limit must be guaranteed. It is necessary to investigate the transportation time required by various modes of transportation and choose the transportation mode according to the transportation time. Generally speaking, the order of transportation time is air transportation, automobile transportation, railway transportation and ship transportation. Each means of transportation can be arranged according to its speed, and the required transportation time can be calculated by adding its two ends and the transit operation time. In commodity circulation, it is a basic requirement to study the present situation of these modes of transportation and carry out planned transportation, hoping to have an accurate delivery date.

3. Transportation costs

The transportation cost varies with the kind, weight, volume and distance of the goods. Moreover, transportation costs will change with different modes of transportation. When considering the transportation cost, we must pay attention to the relationship between freight and other logistics subsystems. We should not only consider the transportation cost to determine the transportation mode, but also decide the transportation mode based on the total cost.

4. Transportation distance

From the perspective of transportation distance, the following principles can generally be followed: within 300 kilometers, car transportation; Railway transportation between 300 and 500 kilometers; More than 500 kilometers, shipping. Generally, it is more economical and reasonable to adopt such a choice.

5. Transport batch

Because the cost of mass transportation is low, the goods should be concentrated near the final consumers as much as possible, and choosing the appropriate transportation mode is a good way to reduce the cost. Generally speaking, goods under 15 ~ 20 tons are transported by car; /kloc-railway transportation of 0/5 ~ 20 tons of goods; Commodities over several hundred tons, such as raw materials, should be transported by ship.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-mode of transportation