As the saying goes, it is easier to get rich than to keep it. The village bank incident seems to have further confirmed this saying. Even bank deposits with a risk level of R1 and fully guaranteed capital can be risky, and everyone's faith has been shaken. What's more, in today's general environment,
Making money is not easy, and how to manage assets becomes a big problem.
Especially in the context of the official implementation of new asset management regulations, there are no longer capital-guaranteed financial products. For investors, the risk ratings of financial products seem to have become "one word and one word".
Generally speaking, the risks of financial products are divided into five levels: R1-R5, which are comprehensively assessed based on the investment scope, proportion, assets, plus the investment period, cost and other aspects.
R1 (cautious): low-risk products, guaranteed capital, less affected by risk factors such as market fluctuations or policy changes.
Products mainly include: treasury bonds, deposits, and other capital-guaranteed products.
R2 (robust): Medium and low-risk products, no principal protection, but the product principal risk is relatively small, and the fluctuation of income is relatively controllable, suitable for conservative investors.
Products mainly include: some bank wealth management products, monetary funds, bond funds, fund lending, trust plans and other financial assets, etc.
R3 (Balanced): Medium-risk products, which do not guarantee capital, have certain principal risks, and have certain fluctuations in returns, and are suitable for balanced investors.
Products mainly include: some bank wealth management products, mixed funds, and can also invest in high-volatility financial products such as stocks, commodities, and foreign exchange, but the investment ratio should not exceed 30% in principle.
R4 (aggressive): Medium and high-risk products, no principal protection, high principal risk, and large income fluctuations. Investment income is greatly affected by factors such as market fluctuations or policy changes, and is suitable for enterprising investors.
Products mainly include: stocks, stock funds, private equity funds, trusts and other financial products.
R5 (Radical): High-risk products, with the highest risk level, no principal protection, extremely high principal risk, and sharp fluctuations in returns. Investment returns are greatly affected by factors such as market fluctuations or policy changes, and can be operated using leverage and other methods.
, suitable for activist investors.
Products mainly include: foreign exchange, futures, options, financial derivatives and other products.
The above is the five-level risk classification of financial products. As an indicator that intuitively displays product risks, it is an important reference object for investment. However, you cannot just look at the indicators. After all, some risk levels are not necessarily accurate.
For example, in February 2020, a certain bank sold a fixed-income product with a risk level of R3, a starting investment of 1 million, a term of 6 months, and an annualized return of 4.1%.
Some investors bought it because of the name of the agency, thinking that even if something happened, they would be able to run away but not the temple, so they would always be guaranteed. Therefore, the fundraising for this series of products was very good, and it was said that it was about 4 billion yuan.
However, all financial products with an annualized return of 4% defaulted before expiration, and the termination announcement stated that payment would be postponed for 30 days.
After 30 days, it will be deferred for 40 days.
A month later, the bank issued a redemption plan: 50% of the principal would be redeemed first, and the other 48% of the principal would be transferred to the bank's financial management, and 2% of the principal would be used as the financial management income, which would be redeemed after one year.
The expected 4.1% income, sorry, this is really not available.
The reason why this product went wrong was because it had a heavy position in HNA bonds.
What's outrageous is that HNA's debt crisis gradually emerged as early as 2018. In February 2020, HNA even requested the Hainan Provincial Government to handle the risk.
This financial product was also issued in February 2020. We ordinary people can't understand it, but with such underlying assets, the probability of risks is extremely high.
In addition, in the 2020 Bank of China Crude Oil Treasure incident, the original risk level of Crude Oil Treasure was R3, a medium-risk product that provided overseas crude oil futures trading services to domestic individual investors.
However, due to product defects and under the bombardment of overseas capital, the settlement price of -$37.63/barrel directly caused countless domestic investors to liquidate their positions. After losing all their principal, they still owed funds to the bank. The cumulative loss amounted to nearly 10 billion. In the end, Bank of China borne the responsibility.
All negative prices were lost and 20% of the principal was returned.
In fact, most of the investors in this incident were not qualified investors. As a high-risk product, crude oil futures are not yet evaluated as to whether the R3 level is appropriate, but many people obviously underestimated its risk.
Although the risk level of financial products is important, the standards for setting levels of each institution are still different. Investment mainly depends on the investment scope and proportion of the product, that is, the underlying assets.
Certain projects with restricted bank loans, such as real estate and other high-risk projects, are packaged as a financial product to raise funds. At this time, the risk of this product will be relatively high.
Therefore, in the context of eliminating the need for immediate redemption and non-guaranteed financial products, everyone must realize that any investment has risks, improve their risk identification capabilities, and stay away from investments beyond their capabilities as soon as possible.