The "China Social Security Development Index Report 2012" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") calculated the data in 2011 and pointed out that although the national pension insurance benefits have increased, the replacement rate is on a downward trend. Among them, the replacement rate in Shanghai is only 36.97%.

It ranks lowest among provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The urban and rural pension insurance participation rate has increased significantly across the country, with obvious gaps among provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The highest rate is 97.18% in Beijing. This report is compiled by Chu Fuling, director of the China Social Security Research Center at the Central University of Finance and Economics.

Establish quantitative tools such as an indicator index system to evaluate the current status of China's social security development and determine China's social security development trends. The gap in pension insurance participation rates among provinces is obvious. Beijing has the highest 97%. The report points out that the national urban and rural pension insurance participation rates have increased significantly, from 2010.

39% rose to 59.26% in 2011. However, there are obvious differences between provinces, regions and cities, with the highest in Beijing being 97.18% and the lowest in Guangxi being only 29.05%. In Chu Fuling’s evaluation system, Beijing and Shanghai accounted for more than 90% of urban and rural areas.

Pension insurance coverage is rated as excellent. The coverage rates in Guangxi, Jilin, and Sichuan are all less than 40% and are considered to be at a poor level. In terms of urban and rural pension security coverage across the country, the report believes that the level is constantly improving, from 42.78 in 2010.

% expanded to 62.38% in 2011. This indicator covers urban employee basic pension insurance, new rural insurance, urban and rural subsistence allowances, rural five-guarantee households and the preferential care system. Through index analysis, Chongqing is the only city in this indicator.

Rated as excellent regions, the coverage rate reaches 81.51%. Qinghai, Shandong, and Ningxia follow closely. Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, and Tianjin all have coverage rates of less than 50%, and Shanghai ranks in the bottom three.

The lowest 37% report pointed out that although the national pension insurance benefits have increased, the replacement rate has shown a downward trend. The monthly per capita pension expenditure of urban employees nationwide increased from 1,395 yuan in 2010 to 1,558 yuan in 2011; in comparison,

However, the replacement rate of basic pension insurance dropped from 51.92% in 2010 to 51.18% in 2011. Looking at the situation of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the gap in replacement rates is also obvious: 71.34%, 64.73% and 64.62% respectively.

The replacement rate ranks among the top three; Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing rank at the bottom, with Shanghai only 36.97%, the only provincial region considered to be at a poor level in this indicator system. According to Chu Fuling.

, increasing the replacement rate requires increasing the pension insurance payment period. Only 15 years of payment will definitely not reach the replacement rate level of 50%-60%. The payment period of 30 years is more appropriate. The report on the imbalance of pension insurance fund balances in various regions believes that the national basic pension insurance.

The fund balance coefficient is 1.5274, which is basically within a reasonable range. However, there are obvious differences in the balance coefficients of pension insurance funds in various regions, and there is an imbalance. The balance coefficient is calculated by dividing the accumulated balance of the urban employee basic pension insurance fund by the expenditure of the urban employee basic pension insurance fund.

According to calculations, Guangdong Province has the highest balance coefficient, reaching 4.0656, which means it can be used for more than four years; Zhejiang Province has 2.7985, ranking second; Shanxi has reached 2.4043, ranking third.

Provinces and cities with balance coefficients less than 1 include Fujian, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing.

Shanghai, which has a relatively heavy pension burden, has a balance coefficient of only 0.5613, the lowest among 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Chu Fuling believes that looking at the overall situation across the country, pension gaps exist in individual provinces, but this is without central subsidies.

If the accumulated balance and central transfer payments are added, there will be no gap.