1, segregation phenomenon: in heterozygote cells, alleles located on a pair of homologous chromosomes have certain independence; When cells undergo meiosis, alleles will separate with the separation of homologous chromosomes, enter two gametes respectively, and be passed on to offspring independently with the gametes.
2, the law of free combination: non-allelic free combination. That is to say, the separation or combination of alleles on one pair of chromosomes and alleles on another pair of chromosomes do not interfere with each other and are assigned to gametes independently.
3. Linkage exchange law: In the process of germ cell formation, genes located on the same chromosome are linked together and transmitted as a unit, which is called linkage law. In the process of germ cell formation, different pairs of alleles on a pair of homologous chromosomes can be exchanged, which is called exchange rate or exchange rate.
New trend
In 2008, the International Conference on Integration and systems genetics was held in the United States, and in 2009, the International Conference on systems genetics was held in the Netherlands. In 2008, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) set up a special fund for cancer systems genetics research.
Systems genetics, using computer modeling, system mathematical equations, nano-Qualcomm biotechnology, microfluidic chip experiments and other methods, studied the structural logic of genome, the evolution of genome fine structure, the stability of genome, and the nonlinear system dynamics of cell formation caused by biological morphological schema.