The skin is black and hardly swells. Iris brown; Mouth-dark gray; Legs and feet-black. Crying: silence outside the breeding season. Large wading bird. The feathers of the body are white. The pillow has a feather crown composed of long feather clusters; The skin from forehead to face is bare and black. The mouth is black, about 20 cm long, and the apex is flat and spoon-shaped. Legs are about 12 cm long, and legs and toes are black. The feathers of male and female birds are similar in color, but the feathers in winter are different from those in Stephane.

Photo appreciation of black-faced spoonbill (40 photos) Winter feathers are pure white and the crest is short; Yu Xia's crown and chest feathers were dyed yellow. Habitat in lakes, swamps and coastal beaches. Wade for small fish, shrimp, crabs and snails. Elephants are very similar to spoonbills and are often confused in the wild. It is slightly smaller than the white spoonbill, and its feathers are all white. In summer, the back pillow has a long silky orange feather crown and an orange collar under the neck and chest. The iris is crimson or blood red. The mouth is all black, unlike the front end of the white spoonbill, which is yellow. It is long and straight in shape, flat up and down, and looks like a pipa. Black legs are very long, and the lower part of the tibia is exposed, which is suitable for wading. It is obviously different from the white spoonbill. The black part of the white spoonbill is limited to the base of the mouth. Its forehead, face, eyes, throat and other exposed parts are all black, which is integrated with Darkmouth, hence the name "Black-faced Spoonbill". Habitat in lakes, swamps and coastal beaches. Wade for small fish, shrimp, crabs and snails. Black-faced spoonbills are mainly distributed in China, Russian, North Korea and Japan. Most species found in China are migratory and overwintering populations. The coastal beach of Zengwenxikou, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Province is the largest wintering population habitat in the world, with as many as 200 animals for many times. Dozens of wintering birds were also recorded in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve in Hainan, Futian Nature Reserve in Guangdong and Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong.

Edit the distribution area of this section.

It breeds in the Korean Islands in the northeast of China and zhuanghe city in Liaoning Province. In winter, I went to Taiwan Province Province in China and its south, northern Vietnam, and spent the winter in the Philippines. The population is getting smaller and smaller. When migrating, it was found on an island near the east side of Liaodong Peninsula in the northeast of China.

There is a recent breeding record. Spring has been recorded in eastern Inner Mongolia. In winter, it moves south to Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan Island. There are only over 600 left in the world, and most of them are wintering in Taiwan Province Province and Hongkong. Most species found in China are migratory and overwintering populations. The coastal beach of Zengwenxikou, Tainan County, Taiwan Province Province is the largest wintering population habitat in the world, reaching 200 for many times. Dozens of wintering birds were also recorded in Dongzhaigang Nature Reserve in Hainan, Futian Nature Reserve in Guangdong and Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong. The black-faced spoonbill is a migratory bird without subspecies differentiation. Abroad, it is found in Japan, North Korea, South Korea and Vietnam in East Asia, and domestically distributed in Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Shandong, Hunan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Hainan and Guizhou. Among them, it may breed in the central part of Northeast China, overwinter in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places, and pass through other areas when migrating.

Edit this life habit

Black-faced spoonbills generally inhabit inland lakes, ponds, estuaries, reed swamps, rice fields, coastal islands and coastal swamps.

Environment They like to live in groups, ranging from three to four to a dozen in each group. More often, it is mixed with wading birds such as great egrets, egrets, herons, spoonbills and silver pheasants. Their temperament is relatively quiet, and they often feed leisurely in the intertidal zone by the sea, the mangrove forest, the base area where salt and fresh water meet (namely shrimp pond) and the beach, and live in the shrimp pond or the earth embankment of sparse mangrove forest around noon. Usually, the method of foraging is to insert a long beak similar to a small shovel into the water, wading in shallow water with his mouth half open, and at the same time shaking his head left and right, catching various creatures such as fish, shrimp, crab, mollusk, aquatic insects and aquatic plants at the bottom of the water by touching, and then lifting the long beak out of the water to swallow the food. When flying, the posture is graceful and gentle, the neck and legs are straight, and the wings are flapping slowly and rhythmically. Moreover, they are docile and non-aggressive and never attack other birds on their own initiative. Interestingly, the black-faced spoonbill is usually monogamous when breeding, and the relationship between husband and wife is extremely stable. When birds start to build nests, it shows that their spouse relationship has been established. The nesting period is about a week, and they make out with each other while nesting. It makes people feel affectionate and righteous. Their breeding season is from May to July every year, but they often come to the breeding area from March to April. They nest on cliffs near the water or in the water, black-faced spoonbills.

On the island, two or three couples often nest together in a big tree by the water. The nest is shaped like a plate, mainly composed of dry branches and hay. The mating of the black-faced spoonbill is very characteristic. Before mating, males have been running around females. After a while, the male stroked the female's mouth and head with his mouth, and then patted his neck on both sides of the female's neck. At this time, the female crouched down, and the male stretched out his right leg and put it on the female, then stepped on it with his left leg. The male just bit the female's mouth with his mouth, and his wings began to flap up and down for about 10 seconds, and then flew directly from the female to the sky. Followed by spawning, the black-faced spoonbill lays 4 ~ 6 eggs per nest. The egg is oval, white with light spots on it, and the incubation period is about 35 days. Newborn chicks are covered with down, and their faces are not black except around their eyes. During the brooding period, young birds are fed by food such as shellfish, small fish and shrimp caught by their parents. After a month, they can leave the nest and fly out, move with their parents and practice hunting. When the young birds grow up, they leave the breeding ground with their parents at 10 ~ 1 1 and go to the wintering ground.

Edit the protection value of this paragraph.

Black-faced spoonbills exist in South China in large numbers in history, and even live in coastal areas of Fujian all the year round. However, the investigation results of waterfowl in recent years have aroused people's high vigilance, because their numbers are decreasing sharply, and they are no longer seen in many places where there were original distribution records. In 1989, the survey results in Asian countries were 288, and in the winter of 1993 ~ 1994, the more comprehensive survey results were only 34/kloc-0. Now the global total is estimated to be around 500. So far, its accurate breeding grounds, migration routes and stopovers are all black-faced spoonbills.

The location is still unclear. The only confirmed breeding grounds are North Pyongan Province and South Pyongan Province in North Korea and the Rocky Islands on the west coast near the 38th parallel in South Korea. 15 pairs of black-faced spoonbills were found to breed. In recent years, it has been confirmed that the relatively fixed migration stops are Jiangsu and Shanghai in the east of China and Nankangqiwa Island in South Korea, and the relatively stable wintering sites are the northwest coast of Taiwan Province Province, Mai Po in Hong Kong, Futian in Guangdong, Mangrove Forest in Shankou, Guangxi, Donggang Village in Hainan Island, Red River Delta in Vietnam and Hekou Bay. In addition, the black-faced spoonbill was recently found in Xianghai Nature Reserve in Jilin Province, and it is not clear whether it breeds there. In Taiwan Province Province, the largest wintering place of black-faced spoonbill, its northwest coast is seriously threatened by industrialization, and Mai Po in Hong Kong is also polluted. Although Vietnam has established a protected area in its wintering land, it is still threatened by turning mudflats into aquaculture farms. At present, the black-faced spoonbill has become the second largest endangered waterfowl after crested ibis, and has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Species by the International Union for the Conservation of Species of Natural Resources and the International Committee for the Protection of Birds. Mai Po Nature Reserve in Hong Kong is one of the major wintering sites, with a total area of over 300 hectares, and about 50 black-faced spoonbills can be recorded every year. However, with the development of Hong Kong's economy, developers are constantly trying to occupy this last wetland. They kept putting pressure on the Hong Kong government and even took the case to court to make waterfowl give up some habitats. Thanks to the efforts of natural environmentalists in Hong Kong, they have withstood the great pressure of the business community again and again, and temporarily saved this wintering place of the black-faced spoonbill. Coincidentally, Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve in Shenzhen, which is closely connected with Mai Po in Hong Kong, and Zengwenxikou, which has the largest number of black-faced spoonbills in Taiwan Province Province, are also facing the problems of building expressways and industrial development zones respectively, resulting in unprecedented fierce competition between people and birds. Although the development process has slowed down or made some concessions due to the strong opposition of environmental protection departments and bird protection organizations, the momentum of human economic development has made the last homes of rare waterfowl such as black-faced spoonbill in danger of overturning at any time. At present, East Asian countries have listed the black-faced spoonbill as the most important research and protection object, and formulated the "Joint Action Plan for the Protection of the Black-faced Spobill", in which the first task is to comprehensively protect the breeding ground, migration stopover and wintering ground of the black-faced spoonbill, put an end to unfavorable wetland conversion, prohibit hunting, cooperate in studying its ecology, and thoroughly investigate the distribution and quantity of the whole population. We hope that through the joint efforts of bird protection departments and experts, the black-faced spoonbill can completely get rid of the bad luck that Zhu faced decades ago. The black-faced spoonbill is listed as "endangered" in the international red book. Now it is a national second-class protected animal, and experts suggest upgrading it to the first level.

Edit the name source of this paragraph.

The black-faced spoonbill was named 1849 by Temmincket schlegel according to the specimens collected in Japan. According to documents, the migration period is common in Songhua River, Yalu River and Shandong coastal areas in the northeast of China. Overwintering in Yueyang, Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Province; Black-faced spoonbill

Resident birds in Fujian coastal areas. It is found in the Korean peninsula, Japan and Vietnam. However, since the beginning of this century, with the increasingly serious water pollution, habitat destruction, indiscriminate hunting and other factors, its distribution area has been greatly reduced, and its population has dropped sharply, becoming an endangered species. Where the black-faced spoonbill breeds is still a mystery. So far, only four uninhabited islands near the 38th parallel on the west coast of North Korea have found breeding populations, with a total of about 30. In recent years, ornithologists from North Korea and South Korea have successively visited many islands and found no new breeding population. So where do most of the existing black-faced spoonbills breed? It is urgent for Asian ornithologists to investigate clearly, because it is of great significance to protect breeding habitats and their environment. It should be said that the most potential breeding ground is in China, especially the uninhabited islands near Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula. In addition, it can also be cultivated in Xianghai in Jilin Province and many inland waters in Heilongjiang Province. Just because there are relatively few ornithologists in China, the investigation funds are far from enough to support such a large-scale investigation.

Edit this part of endangered rare birds

Black-faced spoonbill Black-faced spoonbill is a rare and endangered bird in the world. It has become the second largest endangered waterfowl after crested ibis, and has been listed in the Red Book of Endangered Species by the International Union for the Conservation of Species of Natural Resources and the International Committee for the Protection of Birds. After years of investigation and study in 10, it is found that there are less than 300 black-faced spoonbills in 1998, 500 in 1999 and more than 700 in 200 10. At present, it is only confirmed that its wintering sites are mainly in Zengwenxikou in the northwest of Taiwan Province Province in China, Mai Po in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Red River Delta in Viet Nam. According to the latest survey data in 2007, 1.695, the top five wintering places of black-faced spoonbill in the world are all located in China. The person in charge of the Guangdong Wildlife Protection Office said that every winter, a group of black-faced spoonbills take off from the "38th parallel" and go to the south for the winter. Some of them spend the winter at Haifeng's coastal beach and then fly back the following spring.

Edit this breeding ground.

Shicheng Island is the only breeding ground of black-faced spoonbill found in China. Shicheng Island is located in the Yellow Sea of zhuanghe city, northeast of Dalian. The scenery here is charming, the products are rich, and there are a lot of wild waterfowl. Legend has it that a long time ago, the fishery resources in the waters near Shicheng Island were very rich. People scoop up a scoop of water in the sea with a spoon, and there will be half a scoop of fish, so there is no need to go fishing far away. The whole island is densely forested, and all kinds of fruit trees are all over the hillside. Deep in the forest, bird's nests abound. The sound of seabirds is intertwined with the sound of the sea at the foot of the mountain, which is refreshing. Every time the tide recedes, a large beach is exposed, and small fish and shrimps are waiting for the arrival of birds. It's a paradise for birds. The black-faced spoonbill is a large migratory bird, which comes from the south every April. It's a black-faced spoonbill off Shicheng Island.

Nest and breed on a lump; Fly back to the south at the end of August. Shicheng Island is the only breeding ground of black-faced spoonbill found in China. The black-faced spoonbill has been listed as the most important research and protection object in East Asia. The primary task of conservation work is to investigate and protect the breeding ground, wintering ground and migration stopping place of black-faced spoonbill. People's understanding of breeding grounds is still limited. At present, the only confirmed main breeding grounds are located in North Pyongan Province and South Pyongan Province of North Korea and the coastal islands near the "38th parallel" of North Korea and South Korea. Most of these islands are military restricted areas, and only Japanese researchers conducted an investigation in 1996. The investigation went through a lot of hardships, and experts could only carry out it on patrol boats in North Korea through telescopes, and initially found out the distribution characteristics of black-faced spoonbills on North Korea Island. The black-faced spoonbill has no more than 5 nests on each island, and more than 30 nests have been found. Because it is a military restricted area, the investigation is limited to this. According to the distribution characteristics and survey statistics of North Korean black-faced spoonbill, the World Committee for the Protection of Birds also listed the islands near Dalian, China as the most important survey area. From 65438 to 0997, with the support of the International Fund for the Protection of Birds, the Institute of Zoology of Chinese Academy of Sciences sent people to this area for a joint investigation. It took more than four months to basically visit more than 0/00 islands near Dalian, but no black-faced spoonbill was found. The last stop of the investigation was Shicheng Island, and no black-faced spoonbill was found. At this time, the investigation expenses were basically used up, so the investigation team printed hundreds of photos of the black-faced spoonbill and distributed them to local fishermen, telling them to call them if they found the black-faced spoonbill, and then the investigation team returned to Beijing. 1998 In the spring, a careful fisherman surnamed Zhou found that there were seven or eight birds on a lump less than 1000 meters away from Shicheng Island, and he called the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences immediately sent someone to this lump and confirmed that it was a black-faced spoonbill. Then Dr. Wei from the Institute of Zoology stayed on the island for long-term investigation and research. In this way, this lump near Shicheng Island became the only breeding ground for the black-faced spoonbill found in China. Seven black-faced spoonbills were found that year, three nests were built, and six young birds survived. In the following years, the Institute of Zoology sent people here every year to investigate and study.