Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC

). Some oil-producing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America are international professional organizations to resist the control of international oil monopoly capital, defend oil resources and safeguard national interests. Established in September 196, its main institutions are the General Assembly, the Council and the Secretariat. Headquartered in Vienna. By 1988, there were 13 member countries. Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Venezuela are the founding countries. Other members are Qatar, Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria and the United Arab Emirates. The oil property rights, exploitation, refining and management of these countries have long been manipulated by foreign monopoly capital. The organization aims to coordinate the oil policies of its member countries, take collective actions and negotiate with international oil monopoly companies to safeguard its own oil interests. In the 197s, in order to protect the oil profits of its member countries, the organization repeatedly forced western oil companies to sign agreements to raise oil prices, and unilaterally made decisions to raise oil prices, thus gaining the right to control the price of the world oil market, which once plunged western countries into an oil crisis and played a positive role in promoting the reform of the old international economic order. Since the 198s, due to the sharp decline in the demand of the world oil market, the organization has successively taken measures such as "reducing production to protect prices" and "reducing prices to protect production", which forced it to continuously reduce oil prices and limit the output of member countries, thus gradually losing its control right to adjust oil prices. This development trend cannot be reversed in the short term.

in addition to the above-mentioned 13-nation organization of petroleum exporting countries, there are also regional international petroleum organizations. For example, the Mutual Oil Association of Latin American countries was established in October 1965 and the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries was established in January 1968. During the Middle East War in October 1973, the member countries of the latter took oil as a weapon and took measures such as raising prices, reducing production, embargo, increasing shares and nationalization to oppose Israel and its supporters, which had a great influence on international politics. The organization also set up an international development fund in 1976 to provide economic and financial assistance to other developing countries, which effectively promoted South-South cooperation.