Hou Baozhang

Hou Baozhang (1893—1967), a famous pathologist and medical educator, was born in Kantuan, Lixin County, Anhui Province. In 1934, the first Atlas of Pathology in China was published, which showed the basic pathological changes of pathology simply and clearly by drawing, giving a deep impression vividly and truly. In that year, I was supported by Roche Fund and went to work in the Institute of Tropical Diseases of London University for one year. In 1942, he published Sima Xiangru's Next Diagnosis (History of Diabetes in China), Medical History Series and Anatomical History of China. The History of Dentists in China was published in 1943. In 1946, he went to the United States to give lectures at the invitation of the State Council. In 1947, at the invitation of the British Council, he went to Britain to give lectures. In 1948, he was employed by the British Ministry of Education as a professor at the Department of Medical Pathology of the University of Hong Kong, and served as the acting dean. In 1954, he published History of Smallpox in China, History of Malaria and Examination of Myrica rubra. The relationship between primary lung cancer and clonorchis sinensis infection was published in 1956, which was the first time to put forward and prove that parasites can cause malignant tumors in human liver, thus attracting great attention in academic circles. Bao Zhang's scientific research achievements also enjoy a high reputation in the world. He has published more than 5 papers and written 3 books. In 1961, Hong Kong University awarded him an honorary doctor of science and recommended him as a life member of the Pathology Society of the Royal Society. After nearly 5 years of teaching, he has trained a large number of medical science talents for China and become a famous pathologist and medical educator in China. He used to be the vice-president and professor of pathology of China Medical University, and was elected as a member of the Fourth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the China Medical Association. On March 12, 1967, he died of acute myocardial infarction, and his ashes were stored in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing.

Chinese name: Hou Baozhang

Alias: Word You Me

Nationality: China

Birthplace: Kantuan Town, Lixin County

Date of birth: May 1893

Date of death: March 12, 1967

Occupation: pathologist

. Driven by the new social trend of thought, Hou Baozhang, a teenager, resolutely ran away from home and devoted himself to the torrent of society. Because of the interruption of economic resources, he found a small missionary hospital called Minkang in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, and worked as a helper in the laboratory of the hospital to make a living. The accidental situation actually decided his medical career all his life. Because of his excellent work, Minkang Hospital recommended him to attend an American school (equivalent to a senior high school) and was recommended to the preparatory class of Nanjing Jinling University after graduation. During his stay in Jinling University, Hou Baozhang was expelled from the school together with several classmates for taking part in the student movement. However, the school announced that if you kowtow and repent, you can resume school. Hou Baozhang, a young man, would rather drop out of school than kowtow. After being expelled from the school, I have to go back to Minkang Hospital and still work in the laboratory. He works hard during the day and teaches himself hard at night, often working until late at night. When the person in charge of Minkang Hospital saw this scene, he was greatly moved and said, "It's a pity that people like Hou Baozhang can't get learning opportunities!" In 1916, the hospital lent him a small amount of money and sent him to Peking Union Medical College to study. In 1918, Hou Baozhang entered cheeloo university Medical College in different classes. Young Hou Baozhang worked very hard at school and got excellent grades, but his life was extremely hard. In summer, he only had a vest, which he washed at night and wore during the day, and in winter, he only had a thin quilt. Someone sent clothes, but he refused to accept them. In 192, Hou Baozhang graduated from this school and stayed there to work.

During her work in Qilu Medical College, Hou Baozhang made outstanding achievements. In 1926, Hou Baozhang went to the University of Chicago and the University of Berlin for further study. At the University of Berlin, under the leadership of LudwigPick, he received extremely strict pathological training. In 1934, he was funded by Roche Fund and worked in the Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of London for one year. After returning to China, he became a professor and head of the Department of Pathology of cheeloo university Medical College until the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937.

Hou Baozhang loved the motherland in his youth and was determined to devote his life to the prosperity of the motherland, the development of medical science and education. In his early years, he stood in the ranks of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, actively participated in the May 4th Movement and the anti-Japanese and national salvation work, and showed strong national pride and patriotism. In 1931, Japanese imperialism invaded North China after invading Northeast China, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. He took an active part in organizing the field rescue medical team in Jinan, Shandong Province, and personally went to xifengkou and other war zones to support the mass anti-Japanese work. After the Lugouqiao Incident in 1937, the teachers and students of cheeloo university Medical College were transferred to West China Union Medical College in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. During the Pacific War, Hou Baozhang served as the professor and head of the Department of Pathology of West China Qilu Union University, and once acted as the dean of cheeloo university Medical College and concurrently served as the professor of the Department of Pathology of Central University Medical College. In the rear area, Hou Baozhang insisted on teaching and educating people under extremely difficult conditions, and was also responsible for taking care of the students of the Medical College of the University of Hong Kong who were exiled to the mainland after the fall of Hong Kong and borrowed from the rear area of Chengdu. Professor GeraldChoa, a former professor of internal medicine at the Medical College of the University of Hong Kong, the medical director of the Hong Kong Government and the dean of the Medical College of the Chinese University, was one of them. The close contact between Hou Baozhang and HKU began during this period. In 1938, Hou Baozhang went to Guiyang to take part in the preparation of Guiyang Medical College and taught pathology, despite the hardships in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. He cares about the cultivation and growth of the younger generation of the motherland and has made positive contributions to the medical education and the cultivation of medical science and technology talents in the motherland. In 1938, he was appointed as a ministerial professor by the then Ministry of Education. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory in 1946, as a well-known medical science educator and an accomplished expert in Chinese medical history, he was hired by the State Council to give lectures in the United States and communicate cultural exchanges between China and the United States. In 1947, Hou Baozhang was invited by the British Council to give lectures in Britain and was hired by the British Ministry of Education. Since 1948, he has been the first China-born pathology professor and head of the Department of Pathology in Hong Kong University. In the following 12 years, he designed and raised funds for the Medical College of Hong Kong University to rebuild the Pathology Museum destroyed by the Japanese occupation army, and established a complete system of teaching and research to serve the clinical pathology discipline building, which was used for academic and business exchanges with colleagues in Southeast Asia, Japan, Britain and the United States, and the academic level was continuously improved.

anecdotes about people

basic introduction

China, Hou Baozhang is a pioneer of pathology, a medical educator and a famous patriotic Democrat. Graduated from cheeloo university Medical College in 192 and stayed there to work. Studied in America, Germany and Britain. Professor and Director of Pathology Department of cheeloo university Medical College, Acting Dean of cheeloo university Medical College; Professor, Director and Acting Dean, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Member of the Fourth Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has written more than 5 monographs and papers, such as the history of dentists in China, the history of smallpox in China and the history of malaria.

Stay in school

In p>1916, the hospital recommended him to Peking Union Medical College in 1918, and he was assigned to cheeloo university Medical College, Shandong Province, where he graduated in 192. From 1926 to 1935, he went to the University of Chicago in the United States to study, and successively went to the University of Berlin in Germany and the Institute of Tropical Diseases in London University to study and work. After returning to China, he was appointed as Professor and Director of Pathology Department of cheeloo university Medical College. In 1937, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, cheeloo university was forced to move to Chengdu. He went to Chengdu with the school as a professor and director of the Department of Pathology of West China Qilu United University, and acted as the dean of Qilu Medical College. In 1938, the Ministry of Education appointed him as a ministerial professor and concurrently a professor of the Department of Pathology of Central University Medical College. In 1946, he was invited by the State Council to give lectures in the United States, and in 1947, he was invited by the British Council to give lectures in Britain. In 1948, the British Ministry of Education hired him as Professor and Acting Dean of the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hong Kong University. Due to the need of national pathology research, he was hired by Premier Zhou Enlai, and finally returned to Beijing in 1962, serving as vice president of China Medical University in Beijing and director of the pathology teaching and research section. Cooperate with the headmaster Huang Jiasi.

medical research

he has been engaged in teaching and scientific research of pathology all his life, and has made remarkable achievements in developing pathological research and medical education in China. His research on the relationship between Clonorchis sinensis and secondary biliary liver cancer, biliary cirrhosis, choriocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, kala-azar, and Chinese medical history has made unique achievements. In the analysis of 2 cases of liver cancer, which studied the relationship between primary liver cancer and Clonorchis sinensis infection, it was proved for the first time that parasites (Clonorchis sinensis) can cause malignant tumors in human liver, and it was clarified that this disease has nothing to do with race, but is closely related to people who like to eat raw fish. He was also one of the early discoverers of spontaneous regression of choriocarcinoma tissue. It is suggested that the body (uterus and organs) may have anti-choriocarcinoma mechanism. These achievements have attracted extensive attention from the international medical pathology community.

Tao Li Man Tian

In 1958, he was elected as an executive member of the London (International) Oncology Society, a lifelong member of the Royal British Pathology Society, a member of the American Pathology Society, and a pathological consultant of the Medical Department of the Hong Kong Government. In 1961, the University of Hong Kong awarded him the book "Practical Pathohistology" (1939), which was the first pathological histology book in China. His students are all over the world.

Main work

Bile cirrhosis is co-authored with foreign pathologists. He has devoted himself to the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine. In 1942, he published The Next Diagnosis of Sima Xiangru-History of Diabetes in China, Medical Conghua and Anatomical History of China, in 1943, he wrote The Dentist History of China, and in 1954, he published History of Malaria and Examination of Myrica rubra, which were legendary for his life. Until the west wind of modern new education spread eastward, cheeloo university, the oldest university in China, appeared in Shandong. Cheeloo university is "especially good at medicine"; Qida Medical College has trained the first batch of doctors and medical scientists in China, and Hou Baozhang is an outstanding representative among the scholars. Hou Baozhang's cultural enlightenment in childhood was Mr. Private School. When Hou Baozhang was young, he was worried and determined to do great things. As a family member, he walked to Huaiyuan alone, and simply went to a local charity: the laboratory of Minkang Hospital run by the church to help with engineering skills, while earning a living and learning. Driven by circumstances, Hou Baozhang became indissoluble bond with medicine, and solemnly chose his life's medical career. Hou Baozhang's outstanding character and thirst for knowledge greatly moved the person in charge of Minkang Hospital, and decided to keep him in the hospital and send him to a school in the United States. After graduation, he was sent to the preparatory class of Nanjing Jinling University. During his stay in Jinling University, Hou Baozhang was expelled from the school together with some students for taking part in the student movement, but the school announced that if he confessed and repented, he could return to school. Hou Baozhang is indomitable, daring and courageous; He insisted on upholding justice, upholding justice, being innocent and innocent; I would rather drop out of school than "sin" against my will So he was expelled from the school. Hou Baozhang once again returned to the lab of Minkang Hospital without hesitation. He works diligently during the day, and makes a determined effort to study by himself at night. He works all day and stays up all night. In 1916, Hou Baozhang was loaned a small amount of money by Minkang Hospital, and he was once again admitted to Peking Union Medical College, and then entered cheeloo university Medical College. Hou Baozhang, who was admired by Brown Huaiyu, is diligent and motivated, and has excellent academic performance. However, in life, she has a lot of hardships and simple self-discipline. In summer, she only has a vest, which she washes and dries at night and wears during the day. In winter, there is only one thin quilt, and he politely refuses clothes sent by others. On May 4, 1919, when the news of losing power and humiliating the country at the Paris Peace Conference came, Hou Baozhang was deeply hurt and filled with indignation. On May 4, Beijing students gathered to protest and demonstrate. Jinan students quickly expressed their solidarity. Hou Baozhang took an active part in the student demonstrations and petitions of "fighting for national rights abroad and punishing national thieves at home" in cheeloo university, and devoted himself passionately to the May 4th patriotic movement. In 192, Hou Baozhang graduated from cheeloo university Medical College with outstanding performance and personality, and stayed there to work. After the "9.18 Incident" in 1931, the Japanese invaders annexed Northeast China and invaded North China, and the Great Wall War broke out. Hou Baozhang immediately organized a battlefield ambulance medical team, volunteered bravely, and went to xifengkou and other war zones to support the military and civilians' anti-Japanese work and treat the wounded and sick. After the "7.7 Incident" in 1937, Hou Baozhang moved to Rongcheng with cheeloo university. Although he was distinguished professor, the Ministry of Education of the National Government, his life was very poor. During the difficult period of the Anti-Japanese War, Hou Baozhang tried its best to help the needy students financially, and sometimes provided tuition fees to them anonymously, so that they could continue their studies. In 1938, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was in a turbulent and difficult stage, Hou Baozhang went to Guiyang in the spirit of putting public interests at the expense of private interests and devoting himself to medicine, and took part in the preparation of Guiyang Medical College and served as the research and teaching of pathology. When the Pacific War broke out in 1941, Southeast Asian countries fell one after another, and a large number of Chinese children left their homes and went into exile. Hou Baozhang enthusiastically ran to relevant charities, and was responsible for arranging a large number of young people to study in the rear area in cooperation with the church. A man knows his horse from afar, but a false man knows his sage. Hou Baozhang has a reputation as a silent man, and he keeps his nose clean. Lao She lived in Hou Baozhang's home when she first arrived in Chengdu and returned to Beijing from the United States via Hong Kong. Letters and remittances about the publication of Lao She's works in the United States are all sent from the United States to Hou Baozhang of the University of Hong Kong, and then transferred to Beijing Lao She for collection.

A medical giant

Pathology is a science that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, nature and regularity of pathological changes, and it is a basic subject of medicine. Huangdi Neijing in the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chaoyuan Fang's Treatise on the Causes of Diseases in the Sui Dynasty, and Song Ci's Collection of Injustice in the Southern Song Dynasty have made great contributions to the development of pathology. Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine pathology have developed according to their respective models for more than two thousand years. Pathology in the sense of modern science began in China with the spread of western medicine. In 1934, Hou Baozhang's "Practical Pathohistology" published by the Compilation Department of Chinese Medical Association was the first work of China's pathology, and it was the arrow of China's pathology in the modern scientific sense. The chap of liver canc pathology in that second volume of cancer encyclopedia edited by R. W. Raven is Hou Baozhang's monograph; He co-authored a series of monographs on Pathology with Professor Cameron, the authority of British hepatology. The monographs on biliary cirrhosis were published in London in 1961. Hou Baozhang has made important academic contributions to the study of the relationship between Clonorchis sinensis and secondary bile duct liver cancer, liver juice cirrhosis, choriocarcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, kala-azar and Chinese medical history. In 1941, Hou Baozhang found a child with kala-azar from a mountainous area, and went over the mountains and mountains twice in summer, and went all the way to the northwest of Sichuan to investigate and study the distribution of sandflies, the vector of kala-azar, and the epidemiology of Leishmania infection. Under the extremely difficult conditions in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Hou Baozhang set an example for cheeloo university Medical College to advocate academic atmosphere with the persistent spirit of carrying out scientific research. His research results can be found in American, British and Japanese pathological journals. Hou Baozhang's academic achievements have made him famous and prestigious in the international pathology field. In 1948, Hou Baozhang was hired by the Ministry of Education of the British government to be the first China-born pathology professor and head of the pathology department after the resumption of the University of Hong Kong after World War II. In 1958, he was elected as the seventh member of the London Oncology Society.