Brother Lian Qing died before me when I was one year old. My niece John wrote an article for the anthology. I know what this means. In the old book, a scholar died, and his epitaph was handed down. All the entrusted people can "leave without saying goodbye". However, there is a quota limit for me to undertake such entrustment, that is to say, there are some suitable parts and some unsuitable parts. On friendship, it should be said that it is enough. Although my colleagues and I have only worked for half a year, we have been friends for 40 years and have similar academic views. But in learning, especially the so-called old school foundation, I can't see the back of Lian Qing's brother. He is too knowledgeable and has a strong foundation. How can I deserve him? I don't mean to slap others in the face or belittle myself to show modesty. Everyone knows that I am the least modest? The characteristics of. I mean to leave some details of Lian Qing's life to future generations. I'm going with Lian Qing's brother soon. Why don't I pretend to be modest? What's the point?

Generally speaking, a person living in the world is bound to be induced and rewarded by the environment, and is bound to be bound and restricted by the environment. Sometimes, these external forces are insurmountable, and they have no choice but not to move according to their own will. These days, we see those American and British civilians living in designated apartments in Baghdad on TV. Can they choose? Similarly, 60 years ago, Japanese warlords ruled Northeast China for nearly 20 years. Can this be Brother Lian Qing's choice? Of course, some northeastern people went to Chongqing and some went to Yan 'an, but that was a minority, and most of them didn't endure it in hot water. Imagine that this is not a year or two, but fifteen to twenty years. In the process of dealing with Brother Lian Qing, I deeply realized that this insurmountable thing left a heavy mark on him. He is more tenacious in his bones; But on the surface, it is darker. This feature can also be observed in all his academic studies.

I always say that I have two friends who love learning most in my life. One is Mr Shuye Tong and the other is Lian Qing's brother. The two talked endlessly for two or three hours. Because of their keen interest, neither the speaker nor the audience felt tired. However, they are diametrically opposite in methodology. Brother Pi Sheng loves to talk about opinions. His words always start like this, "I have a new point of view". Listen carefully, viewpoints, viewpoints, what is the gap between him and one viewpoint from ancient times to the present, and what is the gap between him and another viewpoint? It hardly involves any content about historical materials. However, when he wrote an article in a few days, all the historical materials came out. Brother Lian Qing, on the contrary, is historical materials, historical materials, and has always been historical materials. If you listen carefully, you will have a wonderful experience. In other words, his historical materials are not from scratch, nor are they deliberately organized to illustrate a certain conclusion. He swam out of long and comfortable reading. So natural, so dense, there is no sign of' strong evidence'. I know it's not easy to talk about learning like this. He didn't say his opinion, but after listening and reflecting, his opinion itself was buried in the conversation.

These two were advocates of feudalism in Wei and Jin Dynasties. However, the performance is different. Pisheng has always been afraid of something, always worried that he will conflict with an authority. Therefore, when writing an article, he can't help but change his point of view, leaving a bad impression on others, and often saying' his heart is not right'. I don't know if Brother Lian Qing is afraid, but his way is to hide in his stomach and not show it. In his later years, he said that he had only published one article before the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. Less than ten years after the Third Plenary Session, he wrote more than 50 articles in one breath. The long years before the Third Plenary Session were the years when he felt restrained and the years when he was tenacious and gloomy. Just imagine, at the meeting of Nanhu in 1980, some people said that feudalism in Wei and Jin Dynasties was "Trotskyism". Why not call Brother Lian Qing gloomy?

But in my opinion, only Brother Lian Qing is the leader of feudal theory in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and only he is the thorough researcher of slavery in China history. He studied slavery in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, then he expounded the transition in the Spring and Autumn Period, and then he revealed the degradation of classical slavery in China's 360-year history from the Warring States to Wang Mang. His research on debt slaves and the bankruptcy of small farmers in the Western Han Dynasty is superb. Then, he studied the remnants of slaves in the Southern and Northern Dynasties as a conclusion. In this way, he made a detailed and in-depth study of the slave status in China's history, that is, the complete compulsory status of the person, that is, a combination of economic coercion and super-economic coercion, from the beginning to the end, from the shallow to the deep, from the early stage to the developed stage and then to the declining transition period. In this respect, he is different from some people.

Those officials often only grasp a few articles, some dig classic passages, some dig Roman history, some dig the words in Zuo Zhuan and Historical Records, and some trivial textual research related to these words. They give people a striking feeling; But also single. Brother Lian Qing is not like this. . He started from the style of study similar to "Nangao School" and slowly listed it. Compare, analyze and strengthen your task force from a broader but not narrow world. This episode contains these articles, and readers can help themselves. In fact, foreign scholars who want to really understand the stages of China's ancient history can extract and translate some wonderful fragments in this episode.

Brother Lian Qing not only refers to the research on the evolution of slavery status in history, but also studies land ownership and military system together, which not only deepens the persuasiveness of slavery, but also has a more thorough view on the system of well field, wasteland reclamation, occupation of land and land equalization. His various interpretations of the land ownership system are exquisite. As far as I know, this openness and exquisiteness come from leapfrogging. In the past, those who engaged in history paid attention to the pre-Qin dynasty without involving the Han dynasty, and those who engaged in the Han dynasty did not talk about the Wei and Jin dynasties, so the knowledge gained was relatively narrow and hasty. Brother Lian Qing is not like this. Whether lecturing or writing a paper, he always spans three paragraphs, unconsciously making his history extensive and insightful. Those who can only teach students a little bamboo catalpa, although eager to sell, can only be three village scholars in the end.

Everyone has limitations, even Brother Qing is no exception. For example, in literature, history and philosophy, Brother Lian Qing's life is quite concentrated in history. As for "literature", he said in his self-report that he was extremely interested in poetry. I have also heard him talk about poetry, which is very subtle. But he admits that he lacks "inspiration". Therefore, I have never been good at rhetoric. "Zhe? This is a mystery when I consider the life of Brother Lian Qing. He is knowledgeable, so it can't be said that he has no experience in Meng, Gou, Lao and Zhuang. Why doesn't he write an article? I didn't ask him this question before he died, and now I can't think of it. Perhaps this has something to do with the style of study in the fifties and sixties, when history paid the most attention to the economic foundation. As for the reaction of social consciousness and people's mentality to the economic base, it was not until the 1980s that people paid general attention to it. But fashion is one thing, and what is hidden in the stomach is another. At that time, we didn't advocate the trend, so we did it privately and had a lot of experience. So, why doesn't Brother Lian Qing dabble in philosophy? The reason why I think so and ask so is because philosophy is indispensable to history, that is, rational thinking is indispensable. Rational thinking can make amazing changes in perceptual history and produce sublimated understanding. Brother Lian Qing is not like this. At this point, I am still puzzled. There is also a guess. When commenting on Zhang Xuecheng, a very authoritative historian of the older generation once said: "People who read less love to discuss. The inverse proposition of this sentence is naturally: people who read too much can't comment. Did Brother Lian Qing restrain his philosophical interest and rational thinking because he read too much? It is estimated that this will be postponed for future generations to decide.

It is said that editor-in-chief Xu Wei, I can gallop with a pen, but I can't help it. But I am old after all. I thought about these four thousand words intermittently for four days and wrote them for four days, so I had to end them. Brother Lian Qing's two favorite poems are: "Skynet is long, sparse but not leaking, and the world loves yat sen villa." In my opinion, it is not accurate to describe yourself with "grass". Lianqingge is a large forest in the northeast. "yat sen villa" is real. Under the brilliance of yat sen villa, brother Lian Qing vomited blood all his life, so he was entrusted to the world and the academic world as he is now. Brother Lian Qing, with this anthology, you can almost be immortal.

Preface to Mr. He Ziquan

Professor Chen Lianqing's Notes on Jin Shu and Notes on Shu Wei will be published soon. The editor asked me to write a preface, which is my bounden responsibility.

I often think that it is more difficult to annotate other people's books than to write them myself. Write your own books, collect information and write letters according to your own ideas. When you annotate other people's books, you must follow other people's way of writing and thinking. Where the words go, the notes follow, and the note taker goes back to the past, back to the present for five thousand years. If there is no profound foundation, where can I find a needle in a haystack? The annotator is not based on extensive knowledge, and every sentence and paragraph of the author will be full of obstacles, making it difficult for the annotator to move.

Scholars all admire Pei Songzhi's Notes on the Three Kingdoms. Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms is relatively simple, and Zhu Pei's contribution lies in "quoting extensively and opening up different theories" and "quoting in detail and making a compromise".

Historians before Pei Songzhi, such as Fu Qian and Du Yu's Zuo Zhuan, Jia Kui and Zhao Wei's Han Shu, and historians after Pei Songzhi, such as Yan Shigu's Han Shu and Li Xian's Han Shu, focus on pronunciation and meaning, geographical origin and exegesis of famous things.

This can be said to be two schools of ancient annotation, Pei Songzhi is one school, and the annotation focuses on "supplementing facts, listing similarities and differences, verifying authenticity and commenting". Du Yu, Yan Shigu and so on. Is a school, their annotations mainly focus on words, sounds and meanings, exegesis of famous things and so on. Both injection methods contribute. It is a good thing to make the book easy to understand, to make readers understand and to make readers knowledgeable, and it is the hero of the author and readers. However, it is best to use both methods for annotation. Lian Qing's Notes on Jin Shu's Interpretation of Huo Zhi and Shu Wei's Interpretation of Huo Zhi both adopted these two methods. There are words, sounds, meanings, exegesis of famous things and long explanations. And his interpretation, not only brings together relevant materials, but also textual research and discussion, and often has its own unique views flashing in the meantime. This is beyond the reach of a knowledgeable foundation and meticulous research. For example, several notes on Cao Cao's wasteland reclamation on page 55-6 1 in Notes on the Book of Jin are a comprehensive exposition of Cao Wei's wasteland reclamation. Connecting these notes (Note 2 to Note 7) is a wonderful paper of Cao Wei's reclamation. Finally, there is a picture of Cao Wei's wasteland reclamation, which makes readers understand the situation of Cao Wei's wasteland reclamation at a glance.

Lian Qing's unique research on Chinese and Western traffic. Annotation (9) on pages 70-76 of Notes on Food Goods in the Book of Jin is more than 3,700 words long, which comprehensively expounds the history and present situation of the trade relations between Wei and Wu, and between the West and Nanyang during the Three Kingdoms period, which is highly skillful.

His research on canals and geography is even more unique. For example, there are accurate textual researches on Sima Qian's reclamation in the Huaihe River basin and the water conservancy projects built in the north and south during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Here are just a few examples, and wonderful notes abound.

Even Qinghe and I are supporters of the so-called "Han and Wei feudalism". Wei and Jin Dynasties were the beginning of feudal society in China, and the notes on feudalism in Jin Shu and Wei Shu were especially deliberate. For example, Note ⑤ on page1117 of Notes on the Collation of the Book of Jin, Note ⑤ on the Setting of Private Names, and Note ⑤ on page 1 19- 122. 154- 155, 1 1 20 pages of notes on "eating goods" and "shady customers", 157- 159 pages of notes on the economic situation during the Taikang period (/kloc

This kind of long giant note with textual research, analysis, generalization and unique opinions is also very eye-catching in the collation of History. For example, note ② on page 22 1-222 discusses the northern population after the Yongjia Rebellion, and note 1 1 on page 229-23 discusses what kind of disciples, pointing out that "practice makes perfect", "360,000" and "10,000" in Shu Wei maoji should be deleted. Confucius said, "Words are not enough". In fact, what the ancients said was the works of the ancients. In the name of narration, take reality as reality. It is a characteristic of China culture to express one's opinions from annotations. Lian Qing's annotations are actually his works. In the notes of history and history, there are some university questions about the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in Lian Qing Dynasty. This is also his masterpiece influenced by the ancients.

Lian Qing went. He had a rough life and unfortunately died young. I am obliged to publicize his knowledge when I know him, but I hate it so much that I can't even write a preface reflecting his knowledge. That's all for now.

Mr Zhan Ziqing's Notes

Professor Chen Lianqing has been away from us for almost ten years. This book "Notes on Jin Shushi" and "Notes on Shu Weishi", which condensed Mr. Chen's hard work for many years, finally came out as a commemoration of his heroic spirit on the tenth anniversary of his death.

Mr. Chen is my teacher. I studied historical philology and pre-Qin history with him. From 196 1 to the end of 1980s, he was lying on his deathbed and always cared about my academic progress. I remember1one day in April, 1989, Chen Shi, who was ill, asked his youngest daughter Chen Han to give me two books: one was "A Study of Historical Documents in China" (II), and Mr. Li Zhou's masterpiece "A New Probe into the Time of the Book" was published; Another book is "Land System and Class Relations in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" donated by Professor Zhu Shaohou, with a thank-you letter. Besides giving books, the letter also recommended me to attend an academic conference in Zibo. Now, the content of this paragraph is extracted as follows:

"A few days ago, Zibo Social Science Association sent me an invitation to hold a symposium on Guanzi culture in Linzi, the capital of Shandong Province, and invited me to attend. Given my health, it is still difficult to attend. You can go to Shandong if you are interested. One is related to this major. Second, visiting the ruins of the ancient capital can solve problems that cannot be solved in books. Third, this conference is called an international conference, and it can also take the opportunity to understand the research situation in all aspects. ...

My body is getting better gradually, but I still catch a cold from time to time and dare not go out for the time being.

Chen lianqing

1April 7, 989

In fact, at this time, the terrible cancer cells in Mr. Wang's body are already shifting, and his physical strength is supported by his strong dedication, which gives him the illusion of "gradual improvement". During his illness, he kept on working and reading dissertations sent by other schools. What impressed me even more was that my dying teacher thought of giving me the book and recommended me to attend the academic conference. My teacher has always inspired me by cultivating students' spirit all his life. Whenever I read this handwritten book, it will shock my mind and bring many past events to my eyes.

I remember that shortly after I entered school, my husband was hit by the frenzy of political movement, got into trouble and disappeared in class. Later, I graduated and stayed in the teaching and research section of ancient history in China as a teaching assistant. During the difficult economic times, the political climate was somewhat relaxed. The department considers that our newly retained teaching assistants have been "exercising" since they entered school, and their classes are very irregular. Many basic courses were cancelled in a hurry. In order to make up for our new teaching assistant's academic shortcomings, the teaching and research section gives us make up lessons. Professor Chen Lianqing teaches historical documents before the Tang Dynasty, and Professor Sean teaches historical documents after the Tang Dynasty. Xu Xi. Their lectures have their own styles, but they are all so serious and convincing. We students are also hungry for food, and we have a long drought. Teacher Chen quoted Mr. Chen's book Notes on Shangshu in his lecture. Mr. Chen is good at exegesis of Ci, paying attention to the analysis of righteousness, pointing out the general writing age and characteristics of the times, such as Jiao Yao Dian, focusing on explaining the clan social scene reflected in the article, and Jiao Pan Geng, on the article, etc. After class, in order to understand the meaning word by word, I tried my best to translate some chapters in vernacular Chinese and give them to Mr. Chen for correction. At that time, I felt very naive and ashamed to do it. Unexpectedly, I was encouraged by Teacher Chen. He hopes that I can work harder and be stupid, and it will be effective if I stick to it. 1978, when he learned that I was going to Sichuan University to study the history of the pre-Qin Dynasty with Professor Xu Zhongshu, he encouraged me to say, "xu teacher is everyone, and learning from him will definitely learn something practical." I went to Sichuan with xu teacher to study the pre-Qin history, which was at Chen's wish.

In that era of bringing things right, Mr. Wang had too many things to do. At that time, although he was nearly old, he was full of academic youth. All his works, including data accumulation and draft writing, took decades to prepare, but their final draft was completed in these ten years, which shows that Mr. Wang has reached the realm of high efficiency and generosity. Mr. Wang is famous for his erudition. His colleagues nicknamed him a "walking dictionary". Teachers in the teaching and research section always ask him for advice when they encounter problems in academic research, and always get satisfactory answers. Mr. Wang ruled the history longer than the pre-Qin, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. At the same time, he has unique views on the history of Chinese and Western communications and Dunhuang studies, and has made great achievements in China's ancient philology and historical philology. He also often makes incisive exposition on the academic thoughts of Qing, Jiangxi and Jia schools. Professor Yu, a famous archaeologist and historian, praised Professor Chen Lianqing as "knowledgeable" and "studious and determined". Professor Zhao Lisheng, a famous historian, praised him: "Too profound, too profound." (2) Teacher Chen deserves everyone's praise and fair and accurate evaluation.

Because my husband studies too hard and works too busy, I can't disturb him often. Occasionally, he often works at his desk and talks with me about studying and answering questions. I remember one time he talked with me cheerfully about the contents and the date of the book, and refuted the difficulties of Duke Zhou and Liu Xin one by one. Mr. Wang cited an example and thought that the book was the safest only after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries. Whenever this time, I will learn from memory in the future, for fear that I will not understand my master's insights.

Chen Shi loved reading and writing all his life. At the same time, he also yearned for the ancients to "read thousands of books and follow Wan Li Road". He has repeatedly expressed his desire to visit historical sites in the Central Plains. However, under the extreme "Left" line, this wish was almost impossible to realize under Mr. Chen's situation at that time. Only after bringing order out of chaos did Mr. Chen have the opportunity to go out to participate in academic conferences and historical investigations. 1983, I had the honor to accompany my husband to Kaifeng to attend an academic seminar on pre-Qin history. His wonderful speech at the meeting made the participants feel refreshed and admired his knowledge and mastery of historical documents. After the meeting, I accompanied my husband to Nanyang to inspect history. At that time, the country was in the early stage of reform, with very heavy traffic and poor accommodation. I was afraid that my husband would be affected, but my husband was enthusiastic and full of energy. Regardless of the conditions, he took a hard seat with me and stayed in a hostel with poor conditions. When you get off at Nanyang, take a bus to visit Nanyang Han Dynasty Portrait Brick Museum. Mr. Wang is very interested in every portrait brick, and has made more explanations and explanations on the economy, clan structure and various characters' stories reflected on the portrait brick. Then he went to the warehouse and saw the portrait bricks piled on the ground. As he walked, he said to himself, "It's a pity that there are treasures everywhere." Later, he learned that the local government attached great importance to this precious historical heritage and built a new museum. When Mr. Wang heard the news, he was very happy and wanted to visit Nanyang again. Unfortunately, he was exhausted by then. After the visit, we set foot on the return trip and drove on the crowded Longhai Line. Mr. Chen said that this road is a historical relic. If we can stop and check at every stop, we won't return home with a full load. Unfortunately, under the conditions at that time, this was just an unreachable hope.

Mr. Wang left us prematurely. He is knowledgeable and has no time to collect and publish all his academic creations, which has left many regrets to the academic community. Today, Mr. Wang's manuscript is also published to make up for this regret.

Finally, as an insider, I have the responsibility to briefly describe the reasons for writing this book and the process of sorting it out, so that everyone can understand the weight of this manuscript.

The compilation of Dietetic Annals of Past Dynasties is a key scientific research topic in China Ancient History Teaching and Research Section of the History Department of Northeast Normal University. As early as July of 195 1, the teachers in the teaching and research section compiled the food and its supplement in Twenty-four History into two volumes, punctuated and partially revised. After the book was printed internally, it was sent to the history department of domestic universities as an exchange textbook. Later, because of the endless political movement, this work was shelved for more than twenty years. After the "Cultural Revolution", this book was picked up by the teachers in the teaching and research section and included in the national historical research rules. Since then, the teaching and research section has carried out division of labor and organization work. However, due to personnel changes and the health status of the undertaker, only a few food records have been proofread: one is Professor Li Xun's Annotation on Food Records in Ming Dynasty published by Zhonghua Book Company a few years ago; The other is Professor Chen Lianqing's Annotations on Jin Shu's History and Shu Wei's History, which will be sent to the publishing house for publication after completion. It was not published in time due to insufficient funds and other reasons. It was not until 1997 that our school discussed the academic works publishing fund that this book was included in the publishing plan. It is the publishing house that organizes editing and proofreading after the book is submitted. Because this is a manuscript, there will be a lot of trouble in the process of editing and proofreading. Comrade Bao Ruifeng is responsible for editing, proofreading and reading through, and has done a lot of technical work. Then, Professor Feng Junshi was asked to read through the whole manuscript. As Mr. Chen's first-generation disciple and assistant, although he is old and weak, he still undertakes heavy collation work. He stayed in the library for a month during the cold Spring Festival holiday. Later, Mr. Chen's student Zhang and Zhang also collated some of the original texts and did tedious proofreading work. Mr. Chen's disciples were loyal to the realization of Mr. Chen's last wish and did their duty. If Mr. Chen knows in the grave, he can be comforted.

19981February

To annotate ...

(1) See the preface made by Professor Luo Jizu for Chen Lianqing's "Research on Ancient History of China", Jilin Literature and History Publishing House, 199 1 year? Year edition. (b) See the preface made by Professor Zhao Lisheng for Chen Lianqing's Study on Ancient History of China, Jilin Literature and History Publishing House, 199 1 year.