Investment model, also known as "capital contribution model". Refers to the form of capital investment. There are two main types.
(1) Direct investment, that is, direct investment of capital in production and operation, direct or indirect control of enterprise management activities, mainly through controlling a certain proportion of voting shares of joint-stock enterprises, cooperative operation, and establishment of wholly-owned enterprises.
(2) indirect investment, only buying bonds or stocks, receiving dividends and interest regularly, and not directly participating in enterprise management.
Investment means that investors invest a certain amount of money in the current period, expecting to get a return in the future, and the return should be compensated:
(1) Time occupied by investment funds;
(2) Expected inflation rate;
(3) Uncertainty of future earnings. (CFA definition)
The investment activities of enterprises are clearly divided into two categories:
(1) Lay a foundation for expanding domestic reproduction, that is, cash paid for purchasing and constructing long-term assets such as fixed assets and intangible assets;
(2) External expansion, that is, cash paid for external equity and creditor's rights.
China investment varieties
1, real estate. Many people invest in real estate, and one family buys N suites and waits for appreciation.
2. bonds. Bonds include national debt, financial bonds and corporate bonds. This is less risky than stocks, but the return is also low. You can choose compound interest. Many people can't buy government bonds, which are called "gilt-edged bonds" because of their good reputation, excellent interest rate and low risk. The risk of financial bonds is relatively large, and corporate bonds have the greatest risk and the highest income.
3. stocks. China's stock market dropped from more than 6,000 in 2008 to more than 2,000,438+065,438+0 in 2065. With the economic growth, the stocks did not rise, and the stocks of such a good company as PetroChina were not good. Buffett quit after earning $3.5 billion from PetroChina. Some people say that the China stock market is very similar to Japan, and it will never reach a high point again, but will only hover around 3,000. Perhaps this has something to do with the power of the China administration. And the herd mentality of China people.
4. Precious metals. It has been very hot for several years. "Buying gold in troubled times", under the circumstances of financial crisis, European debt crisis, too many unstable factors in the world and serious inflation in China, many people turn to gold, a universal substance with stable value. Many gold products of banks, such as gold bars, paper gold, gold T+D, many people also make overseas gold through some channels, but it is likely that they will encounter black platforms and the money will be taken away by companies that make platforms. The only recognized gold trading institution in China is the Shanghai Gold Exchange. Domestic silver speculation is relatively hot, with less investment, and gold needs more funds.
5. funds. A fund refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. People usually refer to funds mainly as securities investment funds.
6. Short-term wealth management products of banks. In a few days and months, the annualized expected return is about 5%. But this is "annualized". It is more suitable for companies or individuals who have a lot of idle funds in the short term.
7. trust. At least 1 10,000, suitable for people with more money.
8. Coins and antiques collection. There are certain benefits, but it may take a long time and the benefits cannot be guaranteed.
9. Private lending. At present, some institutions do private lending, and the income may be around 5%.
Short-term investments refer to investments that can be realized at any time and held for no more than 1 year (including 1 year), including stocks, bonds and funds.