the world health organization (who) is a specialized agency under the United nations. its predecessor can be traced back to the international public health bureau established in Paris in 197 and the international league health organization established in Geneva in 192. After the war, with the decision of the United Nations Economic and Social Council, representatives of 64 countries held an international health conference in new york in July 1946 and signed the Constitution of the World Health Organization. On April 7, 1948, the law came into effect after being approved by 26 United Nations Member States, and the World Health Organization was proclaimed. April 7th every year has become a global "World Health Day". On June 24th of the same year, the World Health Organization was formally established at the first World Health Assembly held in Geneva, with its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.
the purpose of who is to enable people all over the world to obtain the highest possible level of health. The organization defines health as "the perfect state in physical, mental and social life". The main functions of WHO include: promoting the prevention and treatment of epidemic and endemic diseases; To provide and improve the teaching and training of public health, disease treatment and related matters; Promote the determination of international standards for biological products. As of May 25, WHO has 192 member countries.
The World Health Assembly is the highest authority of WHO and is held once a year. The main tasks are to review the work report of the Director-General, plan the budget, accept new Member States and discuss other important issues. The Executive Committee is the executive body of the World Health Assembly, responsible for implementing the resolutions, policies and tasks entrusted by the Assembly. It is composed of 32 qualified technical experts in the field of health, and each member is selected by its member country and approved by the World Health Assembly. The term of office is three years, and one-third of them are re-elected every year. According to the gentleman's agreement of the World Health Organization, the five permanent members of the UN Security Council are inevitable members of the Executive Committee, but the seats will be left for one year after the third year. The secretariat of the permanent establishment has six regional offices in Africa, America, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.
China is one of the founding countries of WHO. The "Declaration on the Establishment of an International Health Organization" submitted by representatives of China and Brazil at the United Nations conference on international organizations held in San Francisco from April 25th to June 26th, 1945 laid the foundation for the establishment of the World Health Organization. On May 1th, 1972, the 25th World Health Assembly passed a resolution to restore China's legal seat in the World Health Organization. Since then, China has attended all the conferences and regional committee meetings of the organization, was elected as a member of the Executive Committee, and signed a memorandum and basic agreement on health technical cooperation with the organization. In October 1978, the Minister of Health of China and the Director-General of the organization signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Health Technology Cooperation, which was a milestone in the history of friendly cooperation between the two sides. In 1981, the organization set up a representative office in Beijing. In 1991, Chen Minzhang, Minister of Health of China, was awarded the highest honor award "Health Care for All" by WHO. He was the first health minister in the world to be awarded this award.
Member States of the World Health Organization
All Member States of the United Nations that accept the Charter of the World Health Organization can become members of the organization. Other countries can become members of the World Health Organization after their applications are simply voted by the World Health Assembly and passed by a majority. A region that cannot assume responsibility in international relations affairs may enter the World Health Organization as a preparatory member according to an application made by a member of the World Health Organization or other authority that can assume responsibility for international relations in the region based on its own interests. The member countries of the World Health Organization are distributed by region (there are now 192 member countries in * * *).
ARFO
Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, C? te d 'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea. Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Swaziland, Togo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
regional office for the Americas (PAHO)
Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica. Puerto Rico (reserve member), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago * * * United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela.
SEARO
People's Republic of Bangladesh, Bhutan, People's Democratic Republic of Korea, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
Regional Office for Europe (EURO)
Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Iceland. Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Republic of Moldova, San Marino, Slovakia, Tam, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Uzbekistan and Yugoslavia. Observers for non-member States: Holy See, Liechtenstein.
Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO)
Afghanistan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libian Arab Janahiriya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
Western Pacific Regional Office (WPRO)
Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Japan, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Cronia, Mongolia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau Islands, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, South Korea,.
publications of the World Health Organization
The main publications are: Monthly Report of the World Health Organization, 6 issues a year, in English, French, Arabic and Russian; Epidemic Weekly, English and French; World Health Statistics, quarterly, in English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Spanish; World Health, monthly, in English, French, Russian, Spanish, German, Portuguese and Arabic.
WHO's planning and funding
who's work planning is divided into medium-term and annual planning. Source of funds for WHO:
Membership dues paid by Member States constitute the "normal budget".
Special funds provided by Pan American Health Organization, Voluntary Fund for Promoting Organizations, UNICEF, Drug Abuse Control Fund, UNEP, Emergency Activities, UNHCR, Disaster Relief Agency, World Bank, etc.
other income.
The history of WHO and international health cooperation
Cholera swept Europe in 183.
the first international health conference was held in Paris in 1851, with the aim of formulating an international health convention, but it failed.
In 1892, the international health convention on cholera control was adopted.
In 1897, another international convention-the preventive method to deal with plague was adopted.
In 192, the International Health Bureau was later renamed as the Pan American Health Bureau, and later changed to the Pan American Health Organization, which was established in Washington. It is the predecessor of today's Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the regional office of the World Health Organization for the Americas.
The International Office of Public Health (OIHP) was established in Paris in 197, with a stable secretariat and a stable committee composed of senior public health officials from member governments.
the allied countries were founded in 1919, and among other tasks, they were responsible for solving the disease prevention and control affairs of international concern. The allied health organization was established in Geneva, parallel to OIHP.
In 1926, the prevention of smallpox and typhus was incorporated into the international health convention.
1935 convention on international health of aviation came into effect.
The last international health conference was held in Paris in 1938. Health and navigation quarantine in Conseil, Alexandria was handed over to Egypt. (The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization is its direct descendant).
At the United Nations conference on international organizations held in 1945, it was unanimously approved that Brazil and China should establish a brand-new autonomous international health organization.
In 1946, the new york International Health Conference adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Charter.
In 1947, WHO organized a trip to Egypt to help curb the cholera epidemic.
In 1948, when the 26th member of the 61 member countries signed the approval signature, the WHO Charter came into effect on April 7th (now as the annual World Health Day). Later, the first World Health Assembly was held in Geneva, attended by representatives of 53 governments, and later became a member of the organization.
in 1951, the new text of international health regulations was adopted by the 4th World Health Assembly, replacing the previous international health convention.
In 1969, these renamed international health regulations removed tick-borne typhus and relapsing fever, and only kept cholera, plague, smallpox and yellow fever.
In 1973, the report from the Executive Committee showed that there was widespread dissatisfaction with health services and fundamental changes were needed. The 26th World Health Assembly decided that WHO will cooperate with its member countries rather than help them, and follow the practical guidelines for developing the national health care system.
in 1974, who initiated the expanded immunization program to protect children from polio, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis.
In 1977, the 3th World Health Assembly set the goal: to reach the level of health care by the end of this century and the beginning of the next century; to enjoy health care for all by the year 2. All people will live a prosperous life in social status and economy.
In p>·1978 WHO/UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) adopted a statement at the joint international conference in Almaty, Soviet Union, regarding primary health care as the key to finally achieve the goal of health care for all by the year 2.
The emphasis on health at the p>·1979 United Nations General Assembly and the 32nd World Health Assembly is a powerful lever for socio-economic and peaceful development.
In 1979, the worldwide approval proved that smallpox was eradicated all over the world, and the last natural case of smallpox occurred in 1977.
The global strategy of health care for all from p>·1981 2 was adopted and signed by the General Assembly of the United Nations, requiring other relevant international organizations to cooperate with WHO.
In 1987, the United Nations General Assembly expressed concern about the AIDS epidemic. A global plan on AIDS was launched within WHO.
celebrated the 4th anniversary of WHO in 1988. The 11th World Health Assembly decided to eradicate polio in 2.
In 1993, together with the United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and the Rockefeller Foundation, we initiated the children's active immunization vaccine.
In 1996, WHO Health Development Center was established in Kobe, Japan.
5th anniversary of the signing of the p>·1998 World Health Organization Convention.
China's relationship with the World Health Organization
China is one of the founding countries of the organization. In 1972, the 25th World Health Assembly restored China's legal seat in the organization. Later, China attended all previous conferences and regional committee meetings of the organization and was elected as a member of the Executive Committee. In October 1978, the Minister of Health of China and the Director-General of the organization signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Health Technical Cooperation in Beijing to coordinate the technical cooperation between the two sides. This is a milestone in the history of friendly cooperation between the two sides.
so far, I have held 18 technical cooperation coordination planning meetings with the organization, and the organization has provided me with various kinds of assistance of about 96 million US dollars.
In p>1981, the organization set up a representative office in Beijing.
WHO cooperation centers in China
at present, there are 69 who cooperation centers in China, ranking first among countries in the western Pacific region of the world health organization. The existing cooperation centers are distributed in 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, covering more than 3 specialties in 12 medical disciplines. As a window of health technology cooperation between China and the World Health Organization, the WHO Cooperation Center has played an active role in promoting international and domestic health technology exchanges and personnel training, and has now become an important force in promoting the modernization of medical science in China and realizing the goal of health care for all at an early date.
April 7th every year is designated as "World Health Day"
The goal of "World Health Day" is to promote a global understanding of the World Health Organization's efforts to promote the health of all mankind to an important position and give priority to it. And April 7th also became the beginning of a long-term plan for organizing activities and providing support for maintaining human health for a long time.
World Health Day is an annual event of the World Health Organization. Every year, a prominent public health problem that is widely concerned should be chosen as the theme of World Health Day.