Planned economy, or planned economy system, also known as command economy, is an economic system, and under this system, national production, resource allocation and product consumption are all planned in advance by * * * or consortia. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called "mandatory economy".
The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system.
source and course
The origin of planned economy began with the criticism of market economy. Generally speaking, the earliest conception of planned economy was Liszt's criticism of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, which was the first theoretical exposition of * * *' s intervention in economic behavior, and then the National System of Political Economy systematically expounded the necessity of * * *' s intervention in economic development. Influenced by this, the School of Economics History was born in Germany, which strongly advocated * * * to control economic behavior, and at the same time led Germany's economic development with this idea, which realized Germany's development leap and formed what Marx called "state capitalism". This kind of economic development mode, which relies on * * * intervention and implements the planned objectives, is essentially a planned economy. Later, due to the defeat of Germany in World War I, * * * lost its ability to effectively control international economic relations, and the historical school went extinct. However, the German economy still retains the strong feature of * * * intervention. After the Nazis came to power, they resumed the practice of the historical school and restored the German economy. So Germany's mixed economy is actually born out of the planned economy.
After the emergence of the Soviet Union, the theoretical development of the planned economy has been improved. The Soviet economist Pureb radzinski wrote "New Economy", which systematically established the model of * * * intervening in the economy of socialist countries. After that, for its own hegemony, the Soviet Union controlled other countries' economies through the medium of CMEA and planned economy, similar to the United States controlling other countries' economies through the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization.
In the 1940s, Japan drew lessons from the Soviet economic system and formulated the 40-system system. Later, in the 1950s, Japan implemented the 50-system planned economy model and completed its economic take-off. After the 1980s, Japan began to carry out reforms according to the characteristics of its planned economy, but it achieved little and did not benefit from the economic reforms. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the dissolution of the economic mutual aid association, and the collapse of the production relations and economy in countries that fully implemented the planned economy, the influence of the planned economy fell to the lowest level in history.
[edit] feature
Under the planned economy, the three major economic problems are decided by consortia (capitalist countries are the combination of consortia and consortia, also called "state capitalism"). The so-called three economic problems refer to: what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom. Most of the country's resources are owned by * * * or consortia, and resources are allocated in the form of * * * instructions, which are not affected by the market. For example, * * * thinks that the country needs apples. Under the planned economy, individuals and collectives selected by * * * (generally to meet the requirements of this production) should plant apples according to * * * (instructions), but in fact, the products actually produced may not meet or exceed the actual demand.
In the planned economy, not only state-owned industries are controlled by * * * *, but private enterprises are also operated at the behest of * * * *. Private enterprises decide what to produce by * * *; The mode of production of private enterprises is determined by * * * *; It is also * * * who has the final say on how to distribute the products produced. The state controls the supply of the private market, and it is determined by * * or monopoly organizations (syndicates, trusts, cartels, etc.) from prices to sales channels. ).
Planned economy is one of the greatest attributes of socialist countries, so it is often interpreted as being associated with capitalism. However, there is nothing about planned economy in Marx's works, and it was in Lenin's period that the planned economy was advocated and implemented. The most typical example of planned economy is the Soviet Union. Existing examples are North Korea, Cuba, Myanmar and Japan.
[Edit] Advantages
[Editor] Economic stability
Planned economy can ensure that all resources can be used continuously and will not be affected by economic cycle fluctuations. If the owner stops production or even loses his job, it will not happen ... >>
Question 2: What is a planned economy? Mand economy, or planned economy system, also known as command economy, is an economic system. Under this system, the state plans production, resource allocation, product consumption and other links in advance by * * * or consortia. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called "mandatory economy". The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system.
Chinese name
planned economy
Foreign name
Demand economy and planned economy
Another name
Planned economic system
App application
Economic production
Listen to the conceptual meaning of pronunciation
Compared with market economy, planned economy refers to a highly centralized and inefficient social and economic system different from market economy. Planned economy, as its name implies, is to develop the economy in a planned way. So as to avoid the blindness and uncertainty of market economy development and the harm to social and economic development. Such as: redundant construction, vicious competition among enterprises, factory closure, unemployment of workers, unbalanced regional economic development and social and economic crisis.
Question 3: What's the difference between China's current economy and planned economy? The difference between market economy and planned economy
Both are ways to allocate social resources. The so-called allocation of social resources is to decide what to produce, how much to produce, how to produce and how to distribute it in a certain period of time.
The difference between them lies in the fundamental way of allocating resources. Under the condition of planned economy, the power of social and economic decision-making such as what to produce, how much to produce, how to produce and how to distribute is highly concentrated in * * *, especially the central government * *, which arranges the above things and allocates resources by making an all-inclusive plan. Under the market economy, the above economic decisions are made by economic subjects in a decentralized way. They decide the above problems on the basis of market prices. If the price is high, they will produce, and if the price is low, they will not produce. Therefore, the market price is like an invisible hand, directing what people produce, how much they produce and how to produce it. Because in the market economy, the market is the basic mechanism of resource allocation. Of course, the market economy is not completely unplanned. Every enterprise has a strict plan. However, planning does not mean planned economy. The essential feature of planned economy is that mandatory planning is the decisive means of social resource allocation. The market here is incomplete, and the price does not reflect the relationship between supply and demand of commodities, but only as a means of accounting.
Question 4: What is a planned economy? Also known as command economy, it is an economic system. Under this system, the state has plans in advance in production, resource allocation, product consumption and other aspects. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called "mandatory economy". The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system.
Question 5: What is the difference between a market economy and a planned economy? The simplest understanding is the difference between planned economy and actual economy. Market economy (also called free market economy or free enterprise economy) is an economic system. Under this system, the production and sales of products and services are completely guided by the free price system in the free market. Planned economy, also known as command economy, is an economic system that plans production, resource allocation and product consumption in advance. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called mandatory economy. The difference between planned economy and market economy, these are two fundamentally opposite economic systems. The main differences are as follows: First, the mechanism of economic operation is different. Planned economy is an all-encompassing national plan, and market economy is a market mechanism, that is, price supply and demand compete for interest rates. Second, the means of regulating the economy are different. The former is mainly administrative means, while the latter is mainly economic means and legal means. Third, there are different ways to regulate the economy. The former is directly supervised by the state. The latter is that the state regulates the market and the market guides enterprises. Fourth, the ownership structure is different. The former has a single ownership structure, while the latter has multiple ownership structures. Fifth, the distribution of benefits is different. The former is egalitarianism, while the latter pays attention to efficiency.
Question 6: What is the planned economic system? You can understand it as an enhanced version of the daily economic model, so it is easy to understand.
The planned economy model has several characteristics.
Free medical care for all-don't be surprised that the system just adopted by the United States has existed in North Korea and Cuba for a long time.
Enterprise life tenure-although you can't choose a job, you won't be fired. Everyone's salary is the same Front-line workers get bonuses, but leaders don't get bonuses. All leaders are poorer than workers.
(3) Not responsible for its own profits and losses-production can only be carried out in a planned way under the unified national plan.
There is no floating price for all commodities in state price ―― the iron price determines that it will not float. Before the reunification of Germany and Germany, the price of sausages in East Germany was not cheap because of unified pricing, because the unified price produced by non-self-financing enterprises was much cheaper than that in West Germany.
These are planned economic systems.
Question 7: What is the planned economic system? Compared with market economy, planned economy refers to a new scientific social and economic system based on market economy.
Planned economy, as its name implies, is to develop the economy in a planned way. So as to avoid the blindness and uncertainty of market economy development and the harm to social and economic development. Such as: redundant construction, vicious competition among enterprises, factory closure, unemployment of workers, unbalanced regional economic development and social and economic crisis.
Planned economy is a socialist economic system, and its establishment provides a scientific guarantee for social and economic development. Only by realizing the scientific system of planned economy can social economy eliminate the disadvantages of capitalist market economy and realize the rapid, stable and healthy development of social economy.
Planned economy, or planned economy system, also known as command economy, is an economic system that plans production, resource allocation and product consumption in advance. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called mandatory economy. It was * * * that solved three basic economic problems. The so-called three economic problems refer to: what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom. Most of these resources are owned by * * * and distributed by * *, which is not affected by the market. The other three economic systems are market economy system, traditional economy system and mixed economy system.
Planned economy is regarded as the essential feature of socialist system and the basic principle of traditional socialist economic theory. The logical reasoning of this view is that socialized mass production connects all departments of the national economy into an organic whole, so it is objectively required to maintain a certain proportional relationship between them.
Question 8: What are the disadvantages and advantages of the planned economy? 30 points: Planned economy is a socialist economic and democratic system. The characteristic of planned economy is that the means of production are owned by all working people. Compared with market economy, planned economy refers to a new scientific social and economic system based on market economy. Planned economy, as its name implies, is to develop the economy in a planned way. So as to avoid the blindness and uncertainty of market economy development and the harm to social and economic development. Such as: redundant construction, vicious competition among enterprises, factory closure, unemployment of workers, unbalanced regional economic development and social and economic crisis.
The greatest advantage of the planned economic system:
1, everyone has a job.
2. It is an environment-friendly economy that doesn't consume natural resources as badly as the market economy.
3. The gap between the rich and the poor is not as serious as that of the market economy, and the status level difference is also small.
The advantages of planned economy are: first, it can concentrate the necessary manpower, material resources and financial resources in the whole society to carry out key construction. Second, forecast and plan the economy, formulate the development strategy of the national economy, optimize the allocation of resources at a macro level, adjust the main structure of the national economy, and rationally distribute the productive forces. Third, rationally adjust income distribution, giving consideration to efficiency and fairness.
Disadvantages of planned economy
First, it is difficult to effectively adjust the contradiction between microeconomic activities and complex and changeable social needs, and it is easy to produce a disconnect between production and demand.
Second, it is impossible to rationally adjust the economic interest relationship between economic subjects, which is easy to cause the phenomenon of insufficient motivation, low efficiency and lack of vitality.
Third, the plan is easy to be divorced from reality, resulting in unnecessary huge waste and other defects.
Fourth, the planned economic system conflicts with the real world of a country composed of many equal individuals. In a country, it is inevitable to artificially create planners, planners and people whose interests are damaged in the implementation of the plan on the macro level, and divide the enterprise subject into enterprise managers and workers on the micro level. Falling has become an inevitable choice for workers.
Question 9: What does planned economy mean? Planned economy: the state plans all aspects of production, resource allocation and product consumption in advance. Because almost all planned economy systems depend on mandatory planning, planned economy is also called "mandatory economy".
Question 10: What are the characteristics of planned economy? Planned economy, or planned economy system, also known as command economy, is an economic system that plans production, resource allocation and product consumption in advance. Under this system, national production, resource allocation and product consumption are all planned in advance by * * * or consortia.
Features:
Under the planned economy, these three economic problems are all decided by * * * or consortia.
In the planned economy, not only state-owned industries are controlled by * * *, but private enterprises are also guided by * * *.
Planned economy is one of the greatest attributes of socialist countries, so it is often interpreted as being interlinked with capitalism.