Must learn! First Aid for Infants and Young Children (Updated on 2020-11-23) From time to time, the news will always show news of trauma and death of infants and young children due to accidental injuries. Among them, the causes of accidental injuries to babies under one year old are mostly related to the negligence of caregivers. Common causes are suffocation due to milk spillage and sleeping on the stomach.
In order to avoid the recurrence of regrets, caregivers should improve their knowledge of taking care of infants and young children, and provide preliminary first aid as soon as possible when an accident occurs to the baby, so as to reduce the chance of accidents. Neglect of care threatens the baby's life
According to the Jingjuan Children's Safety Culture and Education Foundation's statistical analysis of 103 children's accident injury news published on the "Children's Headlines" of IBABY's parent-child website, there were 189 cases. Children's accident injury news resulted in the death of 66 children under 14 years old, and caused physical or psychological trauma to 270 children, of which 37 were newborns aged 0 to 1 year old, accounting for 17%. Further exploring the three major causes of accident injuries and deaths, the first one is "negligence", with up to 37 children killed and injured, including 22 deaths of infants aged 0 to 1 year old, mostly due to spilled milk and sleeping on their stomachs. Death from suffocation, it is recommended that parents, nannies, teachers, etc. should pay special attention to the care of infants and young children.
Extended reading: In an emergency, rely on this trick! Heimlich maneuver Illustration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) first aid method
"Sudden infant death syndrome" is the main cause of infant death. Zhang Long, the attending physician of the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Mackay Memorial Hospital, explained that sudden infant death refers to the sudden and sudden death of a normally healthy baby. Although the cause of sudden infant death is still controversial, long-term research has found that: babies sleeping on their stomachs, Overflowing milk, being suffocated by quilts, and second-hand smoke are all causes of sudden infant death. How to avoid infant accident injuries and what are the correct concepts that caregivers should learn? Baby overflowing milk can cause a suffocation crisis
Dr. Zhang Long pointed out that milk overflowing is when milk slowly flows out from the corner of the baby's mouth. When the baby drinks milk, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. , and the milk she just drank overflowed from her stomach again. Most of the causes are overfeeding by the caregiver, slow gastric emptying of the baby, lying down directly after drinking milk, etc...
Generally speaking, milk overflow is a very common situation in infancy. Dr. Zhang Long said that from the time a newborn is born to more than four months old, more than half of babies will overflow milk at least once a day. However, if the baby overflows milk too seriously, he or she will easily choke on the milk (normal children are unlikely to be overflowing with milk). (The human body's throat muscles have protective reflexes to prevent milk from flowing into the trachea). When growth and development are affected by milk overflow, medical evaluation and treatment must be received.
On the other hand, most caregivers cannot tell whether the baby is overflowing or spitting up milk. Vomiting is when milk is ejected from the mouth in a jet-like vomiting motion. It is mostly related to the baby drinking too much milk. Once the spitting is too severe, vomiting occurs during every meal, or even weight loss, it is necessary to seek medical attention to evaluate whether there are gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. reason. After the baby drinks milk, he should burp correctly to avoid milk overflow
Although milk overflow is a very common physiological phenomenon in babies, improper care of milk overflow is one of the reasons that threatens the baby's life. Dr. Zhang Long pointed out that after the baby drinks milk, do not let him lie down immediately. Because the baby's head and neck cannot control rotation before about four months, it is easy to suffocate and suffocate due to milk spillage or spitting up. Sudden infant death syndrome occurs.
Dr. Zhang Long reminds that after the baby drinks milk, the caregiver can help the baby burp the baby to reduce the occurrence of milk overflow. The correct method is to hold the baby in an upright position, pat the baby on the back, and gently Breathing for about 30 minutes can speed up the baby's gastric emptying. It doesn't matter if the baby does not burp. The key is to hold the baby in an upright position for about 30 minutes. If the baby falls asleep during the patting, please continue to breathe. Hold the baby in an upright position for about 30 minutes, then let the baby lie down to sleep.
Method 1: The baby sits upright on the caregiver's lap. The caregiver supports the baby's neck with one hand and cup-like his other hand, and pats the baby's back from top to bottom for about 30 minutes.
Extended reading: Super practical! Learn first aid skills for babies aged 0 to 1 years old from pediatricians
Method 2: The caregiver picks up the baby and places the baby in an upright position against the adult. Pay attention to turning the baby's head to the side to prevent the baby from getting sick. Mouth and nose were covered. The caregiver supports the baby's vagina with one hand and makes a cup shape with the other hand, patting the baby's back from top to bottom for about 30 minutes. Sleeping on the stomach is also a high risk factor for sudden infant death. Be careful when babies sleep too deeply
Although some parenting books teach that sleeping on the stomach can make the baby's head more beautiful and make the baby feel safer, but sleeping on the stomach is also One of the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome!
Dr. Zhang Long said that healthy newborn babies often die due to unknown reasons, and most of them occur during sleep at night. After years of research, it has been confirmed that sleeping on the stomach of babies is one of the causes of sudden death. . The reason is that some studies have found that babies who sleep on their stomachs will sleep more deeply. At this stage, the baby's awakening center is immature. Excessively deep sleep can lead to the baby's death without warning. Some studies also believe that it is related to the baby's innate constitution and genes. Sleeping on your stomach increases the chance of sudden death. Dr. Zhang warned: "We will all educate parents. In fact, it is normal for babies to wake up while sleeping. However, we should pay attention to the dangers of sleeping too deeply." The peak period of sudden death for babies is 2 to 4 months old
On the other hand, Dr. Zhang Long pointed out that babies between 2 and 4 months old are the peak period for sudden death. At this stage, the baby’s head and neck do not have the ability to freely rotate or turn over, and they are easily suffocated by quilts and pillows, leading to suffocation crises. , putting the sleeping baby in deep danger. After about five to six months, the baby has learned to roll over, and the baby is also prone to sleeping on the stomach. The caregiver needs to turn the baby back to the sleeping position on the back. Remember, the best sleeping position for babies is on their backs. Must learn! Infant First Aid Techniques
Must Know! 6 Steps to Infant and Child Care Jingjuan Cultural and Educational Foundation addresses the accidental injuries to children caused by caregiver negligence and advises caregivers on how to create a safe environment for infants to live in and protect the health of infants together.
1 Be sure to burp after meals 2 Sleep in the same room but on different beds 3 Babies should sleep on their backs rather than on their stomachs 4 Do not pile up clutter on the bed 5 Toy ropes should be put away 6 Do not cover the mouth and nose with quilts. Secondhand smoke is also a baby. Risk Factors of Sudden Death
We all know that smoking can cause harm to body organs, and second-hand smoke can also induce asthma in infants and young children. It is worth noting that Dr. Zhang Long said that second-hand smoke is also a risk of sudden death in infants. factor. The golden rescue moment for baby choking
Every baby is the most beautiful scenery in the eyes of parents, and no caregiver wants the baby to be injured in an accident. It’s hard for new parents. Not only do they have to pee their baby, coax him to sleep, and feed him milk... they are tense all the time, fearing that any mistakes will cause the baby to be injured! Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary accidents with infants and young children, caregivers must learn correct parenting concepts and first aid methods.
Dr. Zhang Long said that in addition to being careful about sudden infant death syndrome, caregivers should also be careful once the baby becomes unwell or sick (such as whooping cough, respiratory fusion virus, convulsions, abnormal brain discharge, metabolic diseases, etc.) This can cause the baby to suddenly stop breathing; or the baby eating glutinous rice balls, jelly, and small objects by mistake can also cause upper respiratory tract obstruction and cause suffocation accidents. Caregivers should pay more attention.
If the child appears pale, cyanotic, or not breathing, the caregiver must remain calm and ask others or himself to call the ambulance hotline (local 119, mobile phone 112) immediately for first aid measures to reduce regrets. chance of happening.
Hamlich First Aid Method for Infants
When the caregiver highly suspects that the baby's respiratory tract is blocked by a foreign body, the baby will have a coughing reaction when it is choked. Dr. Zhang Long said that if the baby cannot cough out, It is necessary to perform the Heimlich maneuver. (Caregivers are reminded that unless they see a foreign body blocking the baby's respiratory tract, they can dig it out with their hands. Otherwise, they cannot blindly dig it out to avoid pushing the foreign body deep into the throat)
Dr. Zhang Long reminds , in order to prevent infants and young children from being choked by foreign objects in the respiratory tract, keep the following points in mind: 1. Do not give infants and young children food that is easy to choke, such as glutinous rice balls, jelly, etc. 2. Infants and young children cannot run around while eating. 3. Do not let infants and young children eat. Older children feed younger children 4. Don’t hold food in your mouth without swallowing it
Pat the baby’s back and press the chest (under one year old)
Method 1: Put the baby’s back up, face Face down (head below feet), support the baby's body with the caregiver's forearms, and tap 5 times firmly between the shoulder blades on the baby's back.
Method 2: With the baby facing up, the caregiver supports the baby's body with one hand, and with the index finger and middle finger of the other hand, poke 5 times under the baby's sternum until the foreign object is spit out. When your baby becomes cyanotic, his lips turn purple, or his heart stops beating, please perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately. Infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR (under one year old)
Step 1: Determine the state of consciousness and call an ambulance Step 2: Perform chest compression (Chest pression)
Method 1 Let The baby lies on his back on a hard bed or floor with his head up. The caregiver holds one arm straight, uses the index finger and middle finger, and presses below the baby's sternum (under the middle of the *** line) to a depth of about 1/3 of the front-to-back diameter of the baby's body (a depth of about 4 cm). Press at a regular speed, at least 100 times per minute.
Method 2 Place your baby on his back on a hard bed or floor with his head up. The caregiver's "hands" are clasped around the baby's chest, and the left and right hands are overlapped and placed under the baby's sternum (bottom of the middle of the *** line), and the depth of compression is about 1/3 of the front-to-back diameter of the baby's body (depth is about 4 cm). Press at a regular speed, at least 100 times per minute.
Step 3: Clear the airway (Airway) Press your forehead and lift your chin to clear the airway.
Step 4: Artificial respiration (Breathing) When there is only one rescuer present, the ratio of external chest massage and blowing is 30:2, which means blowing two big breaths after 30 compressions. When there are two rescuers present, for children under eight years old, the ratio of chest compressions to air blows is 15:2, which means that after 15 compressions, two big breaths are taken. To perform mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, the caregiver's mouth completely covers the baby's mouth and nose, blowing in a big mouth while paying attention to whether the baby's chest rises and falls. When the chest drops, blow a second time.