At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the invasion of western capitalism deepened, and the rural natural economy, which feudal rulers relied on, began to disintegrate. At the same time, with the establishment of factories in China and the development of Westernization Movement, national capitalism appeared in China.

Faced with the double pressure at home and abroad, all classes under the rule of the Qing Dynasty began to resist and explore, and the peasant class launched the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Boxer Rebellion, which severely dealt a blow to the forces of the Qing Dynasty and western powers.

At the same time, the culture of the late Qing Dynasty changed, and it began to break through the shackles of feudalism and learn from the West step by step.

While resisting foreign aggression and internal worries, the Qing Dynasty was always in a tug-of-war situation between reformists and conservatives. At the same time, western science and culture were introduced into China, which led the Qing Dynasty to launch a series of reforms and revolutions, such as the Westernization Movement, and promoted the growth and innovation of China culture.

The failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 dealt a heavy blow to the reform efforts and made the great powers carve up China. The reform movement ended with the resistance of the old guard.

After the Boxer Rebellion failed and attracted Eight-Nation Alliance, the Qing court also promoted the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty. Although it achieved some results, some of its contents disappointed many intellectuals and turned to support the revolution. In the past 3 years, the country's fortunes have been exhausted.

On October 1th, 1911, the Revolution of 1911 broke out, and the revolutionary storm swept across the country, and the rule of the Qing Dynasty collapsed rapidly. On February 12th, the following year, Emperor Puyi of Xuantong was forced to issue a letter of abdication, ending the 268-year rule of the Qing government since it entered the customs in 1644.

Extended information:

Major events in the late Qing Dynasty:

1. Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 (also known as Sino-Japanese War of 1895-1895, First Sino-Japanese War, Qing-Japanese War, Qing-Japanese War of 1894-1895; Japan called the Japanese-Qing War) was a war between China and Japan during the late Qing Dynasty in China, which broke out for the control of the Korean Peninsula.

Because it happened in 1894, that is, the 2th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, and the main branch was the Sino-Japanese War, China was called the Sino-Japanese War in history. The Sino-Japanese War lasted for nine months and was divided into two battlefields: land war and naval battle. The Japanese army captured Pyongyang in North Korea, defeated the Beiyang Navy in the Yellow Sea naval battle, and then captured Lushun and Weihai in China. On November 22, 1894, a mass massacre was carried out in Lushun, killing the whole city.

After the war, the two sides signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which stipulated that China would cede territory to Japan for compensation. As a result, the Qing government in China was burdened with heavy foreign debts, and its national strength declined day by day, making it a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. However, due to the huge war reparations, Japan's national strength and military strength grew rapidly, and gradually embarked on militarism to expand Zhang Zhilu.

2. Wuchang Uprising

Wuchang Uprising, also known as the First Righteousness of 1911 and Wuhan Righteousness, refers to a mutiny that took place in Wuchang, Hubei Province on October 1, 1911 (August 19, 1911 in the lunar calendar) and was also the beginning of the Revolution of 1911. ?

After the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, the revolutionaries, mainly the Literary Society and the * * * Progressive Association, decided to turn their targets to the Yangtze River valley and prepare to launch a new armed uprising in the Hubei and Hunan regions with Wuhan as the center.

Through the efforts of revolutionaries, the epoch-making Wuchang Uprising was successfully launched on October 1th, 1911 (the third year of the Qing Dynasty).

The victory of the uprising gradually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the first democratic republic in Asia-the Republic of China, which was the beginning of the democratic harmony between Asia and China, and was a milestone in the history of China.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

Baidu Encyclopedia-Wuchang Uprising

Baidu Encyclopedia-Late Qing Dynasty