Collective trademarks are generally created by a local industry association or something, and are used by everyone.

A certification mark is something from a certain place, focusing on the place of origin. Just like the West Lake Longjing tea in Hangzhou.

A joint trademark is to register a trademark that is similar to your own trademark on your own products to prevent others from creating "Master Kong" and "Kang Shuaifu".

A defensive trademark is to register products that you do not use. For example, if you produce furniture yourself, you can register it elsewhere, such as clothing, to prevent others from using your trademark on other products.

The explanation may not be good, but I hope you can understand.

I am from a trademark office in Hangzhou. You can ask me about trademark issues.