Jiangsu Province-the birthplace of ancient Wuyue culture and Yangtze River culture in China. Homo erectus fossils in Tangshan, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province trace the civilization history of this rich land back to ancient times 35 thousand years ago. As early as the prosperous Tang Dynasty in China in the 7th century, Jiangsu continuously transported beautiful silks and silks for the long Silk Road. Nanjing, where the provincial capital is located, was called "the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties", which created the Yangtze River civilization that promoted the historical process of China.
general situation of Jiangsu province
Jiangsu province, referred to as "Su". Located on the eastern coast of China, it is located between 116 18 ′-121 57 ′ east longitude and 3 45 ′-35 2 ′ north latitude, and it lives in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, bordering the Yellow Sea in the east, Anhui in the west, Shandong in the north and Zhejiang and Shanghai in the south. The province covers an area of 12,6 square kilometers, accounting for 1.5% of the country's total land area. With a total population of more than 7 million, it is the province with the highest population density in China. The Han nationality is the main population, accounting for about 99.8% of the total population, and there are Hui, Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic minorities. The province has jurisdiction over 13 prefecture-level cities, 31 county-level cities and 33 counties, with Nanjing as the capital. There are mainly Wuxi, Xuzhou, Suzhou, Changzhou and other cities.
local traditional culture Jiangsu is the regional political and cultural center of many dynasties in history, with a long history of culture and art and extremely rich cultural heritage. There are many kinds of local opera performing arts in Jiangsu, and famous artists emerge one after another. There are more than 2 existing operas, among which Kunqu Opera, Xiju Opera, Huaiju Opera, Yangju Opera, Humorous Opera, Huaihai Opera, Liuqin Opera and Bangzi Opera have great influence. Kunqu Opera, also known as Kunqu Opera and Kunqu Opera. It is one of the oldest existing saws in China, and has the reputation of "the ancestor of hundreds of operas". There are 15 kinds of quyi with Jiangsu local characteristics, each with its own characteristics, and most of them have a long history. Among them, Suzhou Pingtan, Suzhou Pinghua, Yangzhou Pingtan, Xuzhou Qinshu, Huaihai gongs and drums and Nanjing Baiju have great influence. Jiangsu's music and dance art have a deep foundation, and there are countless folk songs and ballads everywhere, which are beautiful. "Silk and Bamboo in the South of the Yangtze River" is the most representative folk music. The folk song "What a Jasmine Flower" in southern Jiangsu, the folk song "Pulling the Roots of Luchai Flower" in northern Jiangsu, and the erhu performance "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" are widely circulated and enduring for a long time. Folk dances such as "Lantern" and "Flower Fan Dance" are also loved by the audience.
Geography: Jiangsu is the lowest-lying province in China, with most areas below 5 meters above sea level. The low mountains and hills are concentrated in the north and southwest, accounting for 14.3% of the total area of the province, mainly including Laoshan Mountain, Ningzhen Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Yili Mountain and Yuntai Mountain. Yunv Mountain in Yuntai Mountain, a suburb of Lianyungang, is the highest peak in the province, with an altitude of 625 meters.
rivers and lakes: the main rivers and lakes in the province can be roughly divided into three major river basin systems: Yishu-Sishui River System, the lower Huaihe River System, the Yangtze River System and Taihu Lake System. There are more than 2,9 rivers and lakes in the province, nearly 3 lakes and more than 1,1 reservoirs. The water surface area composed of rivers and lakes is 17,3 square kilometers, accounting for 16.8% of the total area of the province, ranking first in the country, so it is a land of plenty.
climate: Jiangsu belongs to subtropical and warm temperate zone, with mild climate and moderate rainfall, which is characterized by significant changes in cold and summer and distinct seasons. The annual average temperature in the whole province is 13℃-16℃, and the temperature rises faster in the west than in the east in spring, with a difference of 4-7 days between east and west. The temperature drop in autumn is slower than that in the north, and the difference between the north and the south is 3-6 days. The annual sunshine hours (absolute sunshine) average 2-26 hours, and the sunshine hours ≥℃ average 18-224 hours; The sunshine percentage (relative sunshine) is between 48-59%. The sunshine hours in all parts of the province are the most in summer and the least in winter, accounting for 29.-32.8% and 2.1-21.3% respectively. Due to the influence of monsoon climate, Jiangsu has abundant precipitation, with an annual precipitation of 724-1,21mm, but the regional differences are obvious, with the eastern part more than the western part and the southern part more than the northern part. The annual evaporation capacity of the whole province is 9-1,5mm. Due to the influence of the humid air flow in the ocean, the evaporation capacity obviously increases from east to west. The annual average wind speed in the whole province is 3.5m/s, and the meteorological disasters in Jiangsu mainly include drought, waterlogging, tropical storm (typhoon), frost and hail.
Resources:
Mineral resources mainly include coal, oil and natural gas. Non-metallic minerals include sulfur, phosphorus, sodium salt, crystal, kyanite, precious stones, diamonds, kaolin, limestone, quartz sand, marble and ceramic clay, while metallic minerals include iron, copper, lead, zinc, silver and gold. Clay minerals, building materials minerals, chemical raw materials minerals, metallurgical auxiliary raw materials minerals and special-purpose minerals are the advantages of Jiangsu's mineral data, among which calcite, marl, attapulgite clay, diabase for cement and diorite porphyrite for cement mixed materials rank first in the country.
Aquatic resources Jiangsu is adjacent to the Yellow Sea in the east, with a coastline of 1,4 kilometers and an aquaculture area of 139. thousand hectares. Located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Huai River, Yi River, Shu River and Si River, with dense lakes, reservoirs, ponds and ditches, large water area and many types, it has convenient marine fisheries and inland fisheries, and is rich in aquatic resources. There are more than 26 million mu of inland water surface, including more than 14 species of freshwater fish and 3-4 species of economic fish, mainly carp, crucian carp and eel. There are more than 15 species of offshore fish, among which more than 25 species are prolific fish, mainly yellow crucian carp, silver pomfret, hairtail, etc. Besides fish, the output of crustacean aquatic products such as freshwater shrimp, shrimps and crabs is also very high, and there are abundant shellfish resources in inland waters and coastal beaches. Aquatic plant resources are also a major advantage of Jiangsu's aquatic products. The main varieties are reed, lotus root, arrowhead mushroom, Zizania latifolia, water chestnut, water chestnut and so on.
Water Conservancy and Electric Power Jiangsu is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Huai River, Yi River and Si River, and receives more than 2 million square kilometers of water from 15 provinces and regions in the Yangtze River, Huai River and Yishu River systems. After liberation, on the basis of previous water conservancy projects, it has carried out maintenance and reinforcement, built major water conservancy projects, improved the flood control standards of Huaihe River, Huaihe River and rivers and lakes, and built a number of water storage, water diversion, water transfer and water diversion projects.
the electric power industry has made great progress, especially in northern Jiangsu. It has completely changed the situation that power plants were basically concentrated in southern Jiangsu in the past. The province has an installed power generation capacity of 13.38 million kilowatts of 5 kilowatts and above, with an average annual increase of 11%. The installed capacity rose from the seventh place to the second place in China. Among the 5 kW and above units, the main ones are high temperature, high pressure, ultra-high pressure and subcritical pressure units, accounting for about 8% of the capacity. The province's power generation reached 75.1 billion kWh, ranking third in the country.
There are abundant plant resources in the province, about 85 species, and there are more than 6 species of wild plants that can be developed and utilized. Wild animal resources are few, birds are mainly pheasants and ducks, and there are rare birds such as red-crowned cranes, white cranes and swans along the coast.
Industry:
Jiangsu has developed industries, complete light and heavy industries and advanced technologies. The main industries are machinery, electronics, electric power, petrochemical, textile, food, building materials, paper making and so on. Nanjing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Changzhou and Nantong are the main industrial centers, among which the textile and silk industries rank first in the country. Machinery, electronics, petrochemicals and automobiles are becoming new pillar industries in Jiangsu Province. The pattern dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises is changing, the variety structure of industrial products is constantly optimized, and the overall level of product quality is improved. Panda, Little Swan, Chang Chai, Red Bean and Senda are recognized as well-known trademarks in China.
Agriculture:
Jiangsu is one of the provinces with developed agriculture in China, and is known as the land of plenty, with a cultivated area of 4,448.3 thousand hectares in the whole province. Paddy field accounts for about 6%, and dry land accounts for about 4%.
Rice and wheat are the main food crops, which are suitable for two crops a year in most areas, three crops a year for dry food, or intercropping several crops a year. Rice is mainly produced in southern Jiangsu. Wheat (wheat, barley, yuanmai) is mainly produced in Xuhuai area, and corn, sorghum and other food crops are also produced in northern Jiangsu. Cash crops include cotton, peanuts, rape, jute, sericulture and so on. The areas along the Yangtze River, coastal plain and Xuhuai are one of the important cotton-producing areas in China. Peanut of oil crops is mainly produced in Xuhuai area, while rape is mostly in Taihu Lake basin.
Nantong and Haimen are important producing areas of special economic crops such as mint and spearmint in China. Taihu Lake Basin is one of the three major silkworm bases in China. The rural economy in Jiangsu has developed in an all-round way, the agricultural production level in southern Jiangsu has been continuously improved, and the agricultural economic development in northern Jiangsu has been continuously accelerated, and it has become the production base of agricultural and sideline products of grain and cotton in Jiangsu Province.
The province's diversified agricultural operations include animal husbandry, aquatic products, forestry, horticulture, sericulture and so on.
Taihu Pig, Haimen Goat, Haizi Buffalo, Nantong Langshan Chicken, Gaoyou Duck and Kunshan Duck are famous for animal husbandry. Aquatic products are famous for whitebait in Taihu Lake, shad and saury in Yangtze River, and big crab in Yangcheng Lake, as well as cultured mussels and artificially cultivated pearls. The famous fishing ports are Lvsigang and Lianyungang. Horticulture includes vegetables, fruits, tea, flowers, melons and edible fungi, among which the output of commercial bonsai in Jiangsu ranks among the best in the national horticultural industry; Jiangsu has built five production bases of horticultural products: Huaibei fruit production base mainly produces apples and pears. Taihu lake famous and excellent fruit base mainly produces citrus, loquat, bayberry, peach and green plum. The first-line vegetable production bases in suburbs and the second-line vegetable production bases in agricultural areas, such as asparagus in Fengxian, white garlic in Burdock Pixian and Taicang in Lianyungang, wild vegetables in Nanjing suburbs and raw vegetables in Lixia River, and tea production bases in hilly areas of Yixing, Liyang and Ningzhen. Nantong, Nanjing, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou are the production bases of bonsai for flowers and trees.
Tourism resources
Jiangsu has a long history, rich humanities, beautiful landscapes and beautiful scenery. In addition, it has a long history, dense cities, developed culture, rich humanities, natural landscapes and cultural landscapes, and places of interest are all over the province.
Suzhou City, which has a history of more than 2,5 years, enjoys the reputation of "Venice of the East", with small bridges, flowing water, deep alleys and people's homes, and is full of water town sentiment. Jiangsu's water is also the beauty of rivers and lakes, and the Yangtze River runs across the east and west, with a vast river surface and a thousand miles of flowing water. The ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south, Lianyungang has a vast sky, Taihu Lake is vast in smoke and waves, Hongze Lake is blue in blue, Slender West Lake in Yangzhou, Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake in Nanjing, yunlong lake in Xuzhou and Tianmu Lake in Liyang are all famous sightseeing lakes. There are many famous springs in Jiangsu, such as Zhenjiang Zhongling Spring, Wuxi Huishan Spring, and Suzhou Huqiu Hanhan Spring. Tangshan Hot Spring in Nanjing; Donghai tangmiao spring, etc. Although the mountains in Jiangsu are not high, they are famous. Zhongshan in Nanjing, Qingliang Mountain, Beigushan in Zhenjiang, Jinshan and Jiao Shan, Maoshan at the junction of Jurong and Jintan, Langshan in Nantong, Tianpingshan in Suzhou, Lingyan Mountain in Wuxian, Yunlong Mountain in Xuzhou and Huaguoshan in Lianyungang, etc.
Jiangsu basin, like the ancient Yellow River basin, is also one of the cradles of the birth of the Chinese nation. Yancheng in Wujin Spring and Autumn Period is the most intact ancient ground city site in China. The stone carvings and rock paintings on Jiangjun Cliff in Lianyungang reflect the life of agricultural tribes in primitive society. The Buddhist cliff carvings on Kongwangshan Mountain are 2 years earlier than the famous Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, which is called "the first cave in China". The Western Han Dynasty Chu Mausoleum in Lion Mountain in the southeast of Xuzhou is magnificent, and the Han Terracotta Warriors and Horses have vivid expressions and different expressions, which is another great discovery after the painted terracotta warriors and horses of the Western Han Dynasty in Yangjiawan, Xianyang and the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Lintong. The Thousand-Buddha Rock in Qixia Mountain has the reputation of "Yungang in the South". Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, ming tomb and Yuhuatai in Nanjing. Zhou Enlai's former residence in Huai 'an City, Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall, Xuzhou Huaihai Campaign Martyrs Cemetery.
There are so many famous ancient capitals and places of interest in different historical periods and styles, as well as the special charm of the south of the Yangtze River, which makes Jiangsu one of the seven key tourist provinces in China. At present, there are 3 national forest parks, 5 provincial forest ecological nature reserves, 2 national wildlife nature reserves, 4 national scenic spots, 9 provincial scenic spots and 29 national key protection units in the province. Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Xuzhou, Huai 'an and Changshu have been identified as national historical and cultural cities.
local characteristics and specialties
local specialties: Jiangsu specialties are colorful and dazzling. There is a thin shell with clear color, a big fat, delicious and nutritious "Lianyungang Oriental Shrimp". Zhenjiang balsamic vinegar, which has been produced for hundreds of years, is rich in color and fresh in taste, fragrant but slightly sweet, sour but not astringent. Biluochun tea, one of the top 1 famous teas in China, is the best among green teas. Nanjing salted duck, which has a history of more than 5 years, is pickled from Gaoyou, Shao Bo and local Ma ducks, and is famous for its tender meat, fat and delicious taste. The products of rivers and lakes include "Three Treasures of Taihu Lake", Taihu Lake whitebait and water shield; Three delicacies in the Yangtze River: shad, swordfish (also known as bonito) and puffer fish. The hairy crabs in Yangcheng Lake are known as "the king of crabs". Huangqiao town's "Huangqiao sesame seed cake" in Taixing, dried beancurd with old oil in Heqiao, Fuchun steamed stuffed bun in Yangzhou, Suzhou-style cakes, and snacks from Confucius Temple beside Qinhuai River in Nanjing are all famous flavor foods in Jiangsu.
There are various forms of traditional folk arts and crafts in Jiangsu, and many arts and techniques are unique. China's "three famous brocade", Jiangsu takes the second place, Nanjing Yunjin and Suzhou Songjin. Wuxi Huishan clay figurine, the traditional product "Daafu" is its masterpiece. Yixing Zisha Ceramics, Yangzhou Jade Carving, Suzhou Embroidery, Nantong Kite, Yangzhou Lacquerware, Changzhou Comb, Nanjing Yuhua Stone, Donghai Crystal, Suzhou Taohuawu Woodcut New Year Pictures and other handicrafts all show the splendid traditional culture of Jiangsu.
local delicacies: Jiangsu cuisine is mainly composed of four local flavors: Huaiyang (Huai 'an and Yangzhou), Jinling (Nanjing), Suzhou and Wuxi (Suzhou and Wuxi) and Xu Hai (Xuzhou and Lianyungang). Jiangsu cuisine is good at cooking fresh and fresh water products, with fine selection of materials, exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite shape. Stewing, stewing, stewing, steaming and burning are the most methods, and the seasoning is fresh and fresh, and sugar is used well, which is mellow and pleasant. Huaiyang cuisine, also known as Weiyang cuisine and Yangzhou cuisine, is one of the four major cuisines in China. Traditional Huaiyang dishes include: crossing the bridge by generals, stewed lion's head with crab powder, boiled dried silk, stewed Langshan chicken, three sets of ducks, lung soup and so on. The representative dishes of Jinling flavor are: salted duck and Meiren liver. The traditional dishes with Suzhou-Wuxi flavor include: squirrel fish, Wuxi meat bones, beggar chicken, stewed bass slices and Taihu whitebait. Xu Hai specialties include Farewell My Concubine, Pei Gong dog meat, Pengcheng fish balls and so on.
transportation and post and telecommunications
Jiangsu is one of the provinces with convenient transportation in China.
Railways: The main trunk lines in China include beijing-shanghai railway, Longhai Railway, Ningwu Railway, etc. Nanjing and Xuzhou are railway hubs, connecting the north and the south. The operating mileage of the railway is 757 kilometers, and the extended mileage of the main line is 144 kilometers. Beijing-shanghai railway has increased its speed, and now the maximum speed of trains is 14 kilometers per hour, with an average speed of more than 1 kilometers per hour.
highways: the province has 27,331 kilometers of highways, including 41 kilometers of expressways, 25,61 kilometers of grade highways and 1,942 kilometers of first-class highways, and 99% of townships and 9% of villages in the province have access to highways.
water transport: Jiangsu is a famous hometown of boats and boats in China. In ancient times, water transport was relatively developed. Now it has 23,98 kilometers of inland waterways, including 6,329 kilometers of grade waterways, ranking first in the country. There are many berths and passenger stations in inland ports. There are a number of open ports along the coast and along the river, such as Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Zhangjiagang, Nantong, Lianyungang, Yangzhou, Gaogang, Jiangyin, Changshu and Taicang. Port year