Wensu Rice is a geographical indication certification trademark.

Wensu is rich in rice, and its fragrant rice has a long history, and is known as the "rice town" in southern Xinjiang. Historically, the fragrant rice grown in Wensu was "purely a tribute" and "common people were not allowed to taste it". Its aroma was pure and rich, and it was praised as "the flowers blooming in one place are fragrant all over the slope, and the cooking done by one family is fragrant in the neighborhood".

As the hometown of rice production, China has traces of the word "rice" as early as the Yin and Shang oracle bones, and its cultivation was introduced to the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty.

According to historical records, in the second year of the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty in 60 BC, the Huns who ruled the countries in the Western Regions surrendered to the Han Dynasty, and the Gumo Kingdom, which was enslaved to the Xiongnu, also surrendered to the Han Dynasty. . It is also recorded that in the fifth year of Emperor Yongguang of the Western Han Dynasty in 39 B.C., the right minister of Houquhou stationed Gumo in the fields, indicating that after Gumo and other countries surrendered to the Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, there were already garrison workers engaged in planting in Wensu (originally named Aksu).

The later "Jin Shu", "Northern History", "Sui Shu" and other biographies of the Western Regions all have records that "Gumo has rice, millet, and bean sprouts". In the early Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang went to India to study. When he passed through Gumo (then known as the Bhalujia Kingdom), he also saw rice cultivation. He said in "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty": "Gumo Country is suitable for rice, wheat, and rice." "Japonica rice". In the Qing Dynasty, rice cultivation became more common. Lin Zexu was sent to Xinjiang to explore fields in Aksu (now Wensu) in southern Xinjiang. He recorded the living customs of the local Uyghur people and said: "Rice, vegetables and fruits become rice."

"Xin Tang Shu Biography of the Western Regions" records that Gumo and Wensu's "customs and writings are the same as those of Qiuci" and "the land is suitable for hemp, wheat, stalks and rice". Wensu Daotun was founded in the 27th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1762). It had 15 soldiers and was managed by guerrillas and generals. It planted 150 acres of rice and was famous for its excellent rice quality.

There are very detailed records about the Aksu Daotun in the Qing Dynasty. "It was built in the 27th year of Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1762). All the troops in the camp came from the famous green camp in Shaanxi and Gansu." This shows that there was a special kind in the Qing Dynasty. The prototype of the "military reclamation farm" of rice was also the only rice farm in southern Xinjiang during the Qing Dynasty. As for the quality of rice in Aksu, the popular folk song "The rice in Aksu is so good that I eat pilaf every day" is a good explanation. "The rice produced in Aksu is good, with long white grains, sweet and waxy taste, and is finely carved on the Southeast Hang rice." "Wensu County Local Chronicles" compiled in the 34th year of Guangxu's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1908) contains: Wensu Rice "The quality of rice is the best compared to the rice produced in other cities." "Aksu Spring is sweet and sweet, with abundant fruit and grain crops, prosperous livestock, fragrant rice ears in spring and summer, and picturesque willow trees. It is the best place for rice in Xinjiang Province. Its products include rice, wheat, millet, etc., among which "White rice is the most famous." "Xinjiang History and Geography Outline" records that "Aksu and Manas both have paddy fields, which are good for growing rice. White rice is the best in Jiangnan, especially in the province." "The grains are white and plump, just like Anhui Province, and glutinous rice is also There are, but the output is not high and the prices are cheaper than in the mainland.”

Historically, the fragrant rice grown in Wensu was the finest rice and a tribute to the imperial court. According to historical records, rice cultivation began in Wensu during the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, Wensu's fragrant rice was presented as tribute to the court, but it was lost during the Republic of China. In 1963, Ding Ying, a rice expert from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, came to Aksu to search for traces of fragrant rice but failed. As for whether Aksu fragrant rice really has its own varieties or is caused by a specific environment, there are currently two popular theories. One is genotype, which has been separated. It is an existing farm variety group. Another theory is that it is environmental type. This theory believes that fragrant rice is the existing black and white awn rice species. It has a stronger fragrance only when it is planted near Tuohula Village, Tuohula Township, Wensu County. According to local old farmers The Gongmi who said it was from the past appeared here. At the rice quality appraisal meeting, the rice from this place was indeed more fragrant than the black and white miscanthus grown in other places. According to various sources, rice cultivation in this area used to be irrigated by spring water, and the temperature of the spring water was very high. According to the recollections of local elders, when they were children (in the 1930s), they often went to the canals to bathe. At that time, the water was very hot, like washing water. Now it is not hot at all. It can be believed that fragrant rice originated in this specific soil and water conditions. Later, due to changes in conditions, Fragrant rice no longer exists.

The main reason why fragrant rice has aroma is that its seeds and leaves contain a volatile organic substance "ancient malin". The formation of this organic substance is closely related to hot and humid climate conditions. This kind of variation in rice was developed after a long period of selective breeding.

According to this theory, it is reasonable that a hundred years ago, Tuohula Village, Tuohula Township, had higher temperature spring water for irrigation and produced fragrant rice. Later, the temperature of the spring water dropped and the hot and humid climate conditions changed. It is not surprising that fragrant rice was lost.

In 1984, the Wensu County Rice Breeding Farm successfully introduced "Lianxiang No. 1" from Hunan in order to restore the production of long-lost fragrant rice. In 1986, it also cultivated glutinous fragrant rice. , Wensu fragrant rice, with its mellow fragrance, has entered the homes of ordinary people and has become a delicacy on the dining tables of thousands of households. The praise of "the flowers bloom all over the slope, and the cooking of one family and the surroundings" has returned to Wensu a hundred years later.

Since the 1990s, Wensu County has carried out bold reforms and updates of rice varieties, replacing all original rice varieties with "high yield, good quality, fresh taste, high market price and smooth sales" With high-quality varieties such as "Akita Komachi", "Koshihikari" and "Fragrant Rice", the annual rice planting area has stabilized at 100,000 acres, with a total output of 80,000 tons. In 1998, it was named the "Hometown of Rice in China".

In recent years, Wensu's high-quality rice has gained a greater reputation. "Quintuo" brand series of high-quality rice products have become famous green foods among agricultural products in Xinjiang, and are the only ones in Xinjiang that have won the " Rice with Organic Conversion Product Certification Certificate. Wensu County has squeezed into more than 30 large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen and more than 700 shopping malls and supermarkets with its "Quinto" series rice, which has the advantages of white and transparent color, neat rice grains, fragrant and soft rice, and no pollution. Its products Supply exceeds demand, and annual sales have exceeded 60,000 tons.