Bamboo fungus is crisp, tender and refreshing, has a delicious taste, rich aroma, unique flavor and rich nutrition. It is a precious dish and one of the famous mountain delicacies at state guests and high-end banquets. According to analysis, the protein content in dried bamboo susan products accounts for 13-17% of the dry weight of sunflower seeds. The protein contains 21 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which are necessary for the human body, accounting for 1/3 of the total amino acids. In particular, the content of lysine is high, accounting for 2-3% of the total amino acids. It is also rich in VB6, VB1, VB2 and vitamins K, O, A, E, etc. Dictyophora not only contains rich nutrients, but also contains heteropolysaccharide polysaccharides, whose components are galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose, which play a certain role in enhancing the body's immunity and anti-cancer. Dictyophora is a physiologically alkaline food that can adjust blood acid and fatty acids in middle-aged and elderly people. Long-term consumption can reduce high blood pressure. Therefore, Dictyophora food is a health food with good curative effects. Bamboo fungus can be cooked in many ways, such as roasting, frying, stewing, grilling, stuffing, stewing, rinsing, and making soup.

There are 10 known species of Dictyophora fungus in the world, and 6 species are known in my country. Only 3 species are usually eaten, namely Ctyopindusiata and Oduplicata. and O. rubrovolvota. Its natural distribution is mainly in the warm and humid southern bamboo forests. It often grows in certain specific bamboo forest environments. Dictyophora has a long history of being used as food. It is known as the "Queen of Fungi". In the past, the production of Dictyophora was limited to harvesting in the wild, and the quantity was extremely limited. It was usually only used as tribute to emperors and royal dishes. In the 1980s, artificial cultivation became successful. . According to forest cultivation in Jiangxi Province, the average yield per mu of dried bamboo fungus is 225 kilograms. Indoor cultivation of long skirt bamboo fungus yields 85 grams of dried product per square meter, and short skirt dried bamboo fungus yields 59 grams per square meter. However, for a long time, due to the difficulty of cultivation technology, it was limited to a narrow production range. Since the 1990s, my country has conducted in-depth research on the development of Dictyophora spp., resulting in rapid progress in the distribution of Dictyophora spp. wild resources, breeding and seed production procedures, artificial cultivation, processing and utilization.

There are two main ways to produce bamboo fungus. One is to protect wild resources and artificially promote the reproduction and growth of wild bamboo fungus. That is, in areas where wild bamboo fungus is common, we must strengthen the protection of the bamboo forest environment where wild bamboo fungus grows. Prevent humans and animals from trampling the forest land, and add bamboo fragments and leaves to the forest land when possible to promote the reproduction and growth of wild bamboo fungus. This is a simple and effective production method to obtain high-quality bamboo fungus. The second is artificial cultivation, including indoor bed type, box type cultivation, outdoor border type, pit type cultivation and bamboo cultivation in bamboo fungus forest. It is very important to select excellent strains for Dictyophora cultivation. Long-skirt Dictyophora and short-skirt Dictyophora have good quality and flavor, and the market price is high, but artificial cultivation is difficult to master. However, the cultivation of Dictyophora spinosum is simple and the yield is high, but the flavor is very poor and the price is very low. It is low-cost, and the selection of excellent strains and strains suitable for local cultivation should be considered in production. The main artificial cultivation methods of Dictyophora fungus are:

(1) Pit type (bed type) cultivation method in the forest

1. Selection of cultivation woodland

Cultivation of Dictyophora fungus in the forest , you should choose a moso bamboo forest or moso bamboo broad-leaved mixed forest on sandy soil with a gentle slope, northerly wind, water source, fertile soil, good drainage, and sandy soil. The canopy density in the forest is 0.8-0.9, preferably with a Valley lot with small stream.

2. Opening of cultivation beds

In the selected forest land, open a cultivation pit 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 20 centimeters deep according to the horizontal belt. Fill the well with fertile topsoil. , about 5 cm thick, then lay the treated culture material, inoculate the bacteria in layers (see inoculation for details), set up a plastic film shed on the cultivation bed, and dig drainage ditches around it to avoid water accumulation.

3. Processing of culture materials (material preparation)

Dictyophora culture materials are mainly dried bamboo stalks (residues from bamboo processing), bamboo branches, bamboo whips, and bamboo leaves. Cut it into 3-5 cm long and 1-15 cm wide. Bamboo leaves can be cut into 2-3 centimeters or crushed, and then batched and processed according to different processing methods. Here are several main processing methods.

① The formula of the cooking medium is 78% bamboo chips, 20% bamboo leaves, 1% superphosphate, 1% gypsum powder, 0.2% potassium hydrogen phosphate, and 0.2% magnesium sulfate.

Preparation method: Soak dry bamboo slices in clean water for 24 hours, soak bamboo leaves for 5-6 hours, add sucrose to the water based on 1% of the material weight, and cook the materials separately. Boil the bamboo slices in boiling water for one hour, and boil the bamboo leaves in boiling water for 3o minutes. , remove and filter out the excess water, then add 80% of the excess superphosphate, gypsum powder, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate used in the above formula to the bamboo slices, add 20% to the bamboo leaves, and mix well. The water content is about 60-65%, and the pH value is 6. After this method, the survival rate of the bacteria can reach 80%.

② Fermentation method

Culture material formula: 78% bamboo chips, 20% bamboo leaves, 1% superphosphate, 1% gypsum powder, 0.6% urea, and 0.5% lime.

Production method: Pre-wet bamboo slices and leaves with clear lime water, the humidity is about 60-65%, add urea and stack them, the temperature of the middle layer of the pile (aerobic fermentation layer) will rise to 60°C Above, when the temperature drops to 30°C, perform the first turning of the pile. This stage takes about 7 days, then add gypsum powder, adjust the humidity to 65%, and after another 6 days, turn the pile for the third time, add the remaining 50% gypsum powder, adjust the humidity to 65%, and then continue After 5 days, turn the pile for the third time, add superphosphate and spray 500 times of zinc, phosphorus and phosphorus pesticides for food and insecticide. Adjust the humidity to 60-65%. After about 4 days, turn the pile for the fourth time. , adjust the humidity to 55-60%. Each turning of the pile should be done when the temperature in the center of the pile drops, and the surface dry layer should be turned over to the middle layer, and the middle layer should be turned over to the outer layer. At the end of fermentation, the material will be brown in color, with a small amount of ammonia smell, no mildew, and the bamboo slices will be brittle and easy to break. During cultivation, add 1% sucrose water by weight of the pile. This method is suitable for cultivating bamboo fungus in large quantities and has good results.

4. Inoculation

In addition to selecting high-quality cultivated strains of the right age, the planting season must be mastered. Since the growth of mycelium has strict requirements on temperature and humidity, the planting time is generally between April and May and October and November, which are the suitable cultivation and inoculation periods. Vaccination should be carried out on a cloudy day or when there is no direct sunlight. Do not vaccinate on a rainy day.

① For soil disinfection one week before inoculation, first use 1:1000 times (or 2:1000 times) carbendazim solution with a content of 50% (or a content of 25%) or 1:700 times zinc Phosphorus solution for soil disinfection.

②Inoculation method: When inoculating, first spread the treated bamboo slices into the pit, about 4-5 cm thick, then spread 2-3 cm thick treated bamboo leaves on the bamboo slices, and place them on the bamboo leaves. On the top, press the horizontal spacing of 10 cm and the longitudinal spacing of 12 cm. Sow Dictyophora cultivar on demand in a plum blossom shape, then spread a 4-5 cm thick layer of bamboo slices, cover the bamboo slices with a layer of 2-3 cm thick bamboo leaves, and then press Horizontal distance 6 cm. Sow the bacteria on demand with a vertical distance of 8 cm. Finally, cover the upper layer of the bacteria with a layer of bamboo leaves, with a thickness that covers the bacteria, and press it gently to make the bacteria and the culture material contact. The amount of seeds used is 2-4 bottles per square meter. The amount of seeds used in the surface layer is about 70%, and the amount of seeds used in the bottom layer is about 30%. It should be noted that the culture materials and strains taken out at that time must be processed on the same day, and the boiled raw materials must be cooled to below 30°C before inoculation.

③ Cover the soil with a layer of fertile soil about 2-4 cm thick that has been exposed to the sun, and then cover the soil with a layer of thick soil. About 2cm of bamboo leaves to maintain good ventilation and humidity.

④ After setting up the shed and covering the soil, an arched plastic shed should be set up immediately. The arch height is about 50 cm and the canopy density is less than 0.8. For cultivation sites, a shade shed should also be built on the plastic shed. The height is 80-100 centimeters. Drainage ditches should be excavated around the bacterial bed so that there is no accumulation of water after rain.

5. Management

Management should be flexibly controlled according to the conditions required for different growth and development stages of bamboo fungus. During the mycelium growth stage, the main thing is to keep warm and moisturize. When planting, the thickness of the soil should be controlled within 4 cm. When the mycelium grows to the soil surface, it should be covered with about 1 cm of organic matter-rich fertilizer in time to prevent the mycelium from being exposed and drying out. When the weather is dry, water should be sprayed appropriately. When spraying water, avoid direct irradiation of the soil to avoid soil compaction. The soil moisture content should be maintained at about 20%. When the temperature in the plastic shed exceeds 26°C, the film should be uncovered to cool down. At noon, the four corners of the plastic shed should be uncovered to allow ventilation. The optimal temperature for mycelium growth is 24°C, which is higher than 33°C or lower than 12°C for mycelium. Stop growing. During the budding stage, it is important to avoid direct sunlight, keep warm, and prevent insects and diseases.

The optimum temperature for the solid development stage is 17-25°C. When the temperature is lower than 8°C or higher than 30°C, death will occur. At 8 a.m. every day during the emergence period, ventilation must be carried out and the animals must be collected in time. If the temperature is low, spray water in time in the morning or evening, and keep the nozzle away from the bed to avoid hurting the little buds.

In order to promote the growth of mycelium, enhance stress resistance and promote the differentiation of primordia, spray the No. 1 strengthening agent 10 days after inoculation. After the soil is restored, spray the No. 2 strengthening agent, 2-2 times each. 3 times, once a day, the dosage is about 50 ml per square meter. For bacterial beds with weak mycelial growth, another 1 to 2% glucose water can be sprayed to achieve better rejuvenation effects.

The formula of No. 1 strengthening agent is: VB90.5g, VB140mg, magnesium sulfate 40g, zinc sulfate 20g, boric acid 10g, urea 100g, dilute with 100kg of water before use.

The formula of No. 2 strengthening agent is: 91 grams of VB, 100 mg of VB1, 50 grams of magnesium sulfate, 50 grams of zinc sulfate, 100 grams of potassium hydrogen phosphate, diluted with 100 kilograms of water.

After the primordium is formed, spray nutrient solution every 10 days, 3 times at a time, 500 ml per square meter, and then spray with clean water once, which can greatly increase the yield. The formula of nutrient solution is: 1g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g magnesium sulfate, 110mg vitamin B, 5g glucose or sucrose, 1000ml water.

6. Harvesting and drying

The buds of outdoor bamboo shoots usually open in the early morning. They must be harvested as they open. You can also remove half of the fruit bodies. Or take the mature eggs back indoors and wait for them to fully open. When harvesting, use a knife to cut off the fungus cords from the bottom of the fungus holder. First, gently remove the fungus cap, then remove the fungus holder, leaving the stem and fungus skirt. Wipe clean with wet gauze, or rinse with clean water, and place on a white mat. The paper must not be torn or broken in the basket or bamboo sieve. After retrieval, it should be graded and dried in time, or dried in the sun. It is best to bake at low temperature, first bake at 40℃, flip once every half hour, then the temperature can slowly rise to 50℃, flip every hour, after about 4 hours, the temperature drops to 40℃ and continue baking for about After drying for 3 hours, take it out and let it cool for 20-30 minutes. After the bacteria become soft, they can be graded and packaged. The drying rate of fresh bamboo shoots is generally 26-28%.

7. Packaging and storage

Generally, food plastic bags are used for packaging. The plastic bags need to be detoxified before packaging, dried before use, and packaged in grades, one small per 25g + 1g. Bundle, tie with red rope into a bag and seal, put 10 small bags into one big bag, the big bag weighs 252 grams, the product label should be placed in the big bag, indicating the place of origin, variety, type, trademark, specifications, etc.

Grading standards for short-skirted bamboo fungus:

First-class product: white or slightly yellow in color, complete, stipe length > 12 cm, stipe width > 2 cm, moisture content 10- 12%, no odor;

Second grade product: beige in color, complete, stipe 10-12 cm long, 215 cm thick, 10-12% moisture, no odor;

Third-grade product: Yellow color and slightly broken, stipe length 8-9 cm, thickness 0.7 cm, moisture content 10-12%, no peculiar smell; Non-standard product: color slightly black, incomplete, stipe length <7 cm , moisture content 10-12%, no odor. Dried bamboo fungus should be stored at paper temperature in a dry and ventilated place. It should not be mixed with harmful substances or pressed heavily. Pay attention to insect and mildew prevention.

(2) Dictyophora cultivation method

Utilize the waste bamboo stalks left after cutting down bamboo in the bamboo forest. Cultivation as culture material. Choose old bamboo stems that are more than 2-3 years old as the planting site. Dig a 20 cm deep planting hole close to the edge of the bamboo stems. Pick up dead bamboo leaves on the spot as the bottom, then remove a layer of bacteria and then cover with a layer of bamboo leaves. , so 2-3 layers are enough, the seed amount is 0.4-0.5 kg, take rotten bamboo leaves on the ground and mix them with the excavated soil, then cover the hole with a thickness of 2-4 cm and make sure it is solid. This method is simple. Dictyophora production and bamboo forest production are mutually beneficial and mutually reinforcing. It is a good method worthy of promotion.

(3) Digging and filling cultivation method

This method is to use the open space of the bamboo forest to dig holes to cultivate bamboo fungus. The depth of the hole is about 25 cm, so as not to damage the bamboo whip. The length of the pit can be long or short depending on the condition of the bamboo forest. Put rotten bamboo leaves on the bottom of the pit, spread a layer of bamboo chips and other bamboo waste, and then sprinkle a layer of bamboo leaves. After it is solid, spread a layer of bacteria evenly, so The third layer is then covered with a layer of soil 3-4 cm thick.

Although this method uses a lot of materials and is labor-intensive and time-consuming, it is easy to manage, produces concentrated bamboo fungus, and has a higher yield. It is a good method for cultivating bamboo fungus based on local conditions.