namely, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Wenzhou and Southern Jiangsu

Since the 21st century, the vitality of regional economy has been no less than that of any small "dragon" or "tiger" in China, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Zhejiang and Fujian coastal areas. Has Wenzhou entered the era of Keynesianism? The Wenzhou Model, which was once a textbook model for the development of private economy in China, is quietly changing. Wenzhou, an amazing place, has produced 1% clothing, 2% shoes, 6% razors, 65% locks, 8% glasses, 9% metal-shell lighters and 9% watercolor pens. Electrical appliances, pumps, zippers, hardware products, auto parts, teaching AIDS and other industries also have a very important position in China. In 1986, Professor Fei Xiaotong, a famous sociologist, summed up the "Wenzhou model" with the words "small commodities, big market", saying that its significance lies in activating a large market that is spontaneous by the people and spread all over the country, and directly establishing a circulation network between producers and consumers. In recent years, Wenzhou's reputation is really difficult. "The pacesetter in front is farther and farther, and the pursuer behind is aggressive." The low-tech content and low added value of traditional industries have become important factors affecting Wenzhou's competitiveness and growth. The three "sharp weapons" of "Wenzhou model" famous in the world also showed signs of passivation: first, Wenzhou's cheap and good light industrial products frequently encountered international trade barriers, and their exports were blocked; Second, Wenzhou capital is difficult to find a way out; Third, the market spirit of the first generation of entrepreneurs in Wenzhou has been hard to trace among the second generation of successors. The administration idea of Wenzhou municipal government in the early stage of economic development opened the way for the free development of Wenzhou private economy, but the government's public service function was weakened under the banner of "inaction". After 25, Wenzhou experienced a great transformation of government functions, from "inaction" to "promising", from "no matter" to "strong management", attracting investment became the "No.1 Project" of this prefecture-level city. Wang Jianman, secretary of Wenzhou Municipal Party Committee, said: "Without the investment of foreign capital, the introduction of advanced equipment and advanced intelligence, it is very difficult for Wenzhou to achieve rapid and good development." The emergence of Keynesianism marks the end of the era of laissez-faire economy in the west. After more than 2 years of free development, has Wenzhou also entered a certain sense of "Keynesianism" era? What kind of road will a strong government introduce the "Wenzhou model"? Suzhou mode only has bones but not meat? "Only bones grow without meat" is probably the most controversial evaluation for Suzhou, the most dazzling city economic star in China for many years. The so-called "Suzhou model" is actually similar to the "government-led" economic development model of Japan and South Korea in the early years, but it has its own characteristics. In addition to providing institutional and policy environment, the government also attracts foreign investment by formulating very clear development plans and strategies. Some foreign businessmen laughed and said, "It's no use looking for a factory director or manager when working in Suzhou. You have to look for a director and a secretary." In Suzhou economy, foreign capital has always been the main force of development. Driven by the demonstration of Suzhou Singapore Development Park, Suzhou has set off an economic boom in the park. There is a joke that is widely circulated in the local area. It is said that in Shenzhen, a coconut will hit four general managers, while in Suzhou, every place you look around is a development zone. In the process of "dancing with wolves", Suzhou people's wings gradually hardened. Today, China has obtained the controlling stake in Sino-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park Development Co., Ltd. and learned the basic experience of urban construction and public management. Suzhou's industry has also rapidly expanded its own strength. According to statistics, Suzhou's GDP reached 42.6 billion yuan in 25, ranking fifth in the country. However, in sharp contrast with these high indicators that highlight political achievements, it is in a relatively backward embarrassing state in many indicators that reflect the wealth of ordinary people. As a result, some people began to question the "Suzhou model". Regarding all kinds of questions from the outside world, Gu Weidong, director of the Economic Research Institute of Jiangsu Provincial Development and Reform Commission, said that the influx of foreign capital has played a very important role in Suzhou's economic growth, popularity accumulation, management concept and technical level improvement, and the scientific and technological content of Suzhou's economy is significantly higher than that of many cities. It is unfair to say that Suzhou is "only long bones but not long meat", but we must see that there are also "short legs" behind Suzhou's "myth": First, the private economy that starts its own business is obviously backward compared with Zhejiang and other places. For many years, Suzhou has been a typical collective economy in southern Jiangsu, bearing greater pressure of "protecting the red flag" than other places. For a long time, it lacked the necessary nutrients and living space for the development of private economy. Second, the development of the tertiary industry is obviously lagging behind its industrialization process. The disadvantages of "Suzhou model" are unavoidable, and the change is imperative. In 23, Suzhou established the policy of "three pillars": export-oriented economy, private economy and scale economy with independent intellectual property rights. In the past two years, Suzhou's economic development has seen a new situation of two-wheel drive of foreign capital and private capital. According to the statistics of Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics, individual and private investment in Suzhou reached 35.412 billion yuan in the first half of this year, surpassing foreign investment for the first time, ranking first among all investment types. Scientific and technological innovation has also made great progress in Suzhou. Suzhou Industrial Park has invested tens of billions of yuan in recent years to build international science park, Dushu Lake higher education zone, venture capital fund and other scientific and technological innovation carriers, which is believed to have good results. From "Made in Dongguan" to "Created in Dongguan", "No matter where you place an order in the world, it is made in Dongguan", which once made Dongguan people quite complacent. Over the past 2 years, Dongguan has developed into a "global processing and manufacturing center" with an annual output value exceeding 2 billion yuan, and its total foreign trade volume ranks third in large and medium-sized cities in China, ranking first in prefecture-level cities in China, making it one of the fastest-growing regions in China. The prosperity of Dongguan is the best version of the theory of "favorable weather, favorable geographical position and harmonious people". Dongguan is adjacent to Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, and is also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, with nearly one million compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese. The 198s and 199s witnessed the first wave of the transfer of labor-intensive industries from Hong Kong and Taiwan to mainland coastal areas enjoying preferential investment policies, and Dongguan became the first choice for foreign businessmen in the Pearl River Delta. Dongguan's success stems from "three supplies and one supplement": through the combination mode of land and factory buildings provided by Dongguan, cheap labor provided by China, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces, and foreign capital provided funds, equipment, technology and management, it undertook the international industrial transfer. This model has promoted the great development of Dongguan's economy under certain historical conditions, but now the growth energy released by this development model is close to the limit. Most of the exogenous economy in Dongguan is processing and manufacturing, which is at the downstream and end of the international vertical division of labor. The added value of products is very limited and only a meager profit share can be obtained. For example, the price of a mouse in the American market is $24, the channel dealer can earn $8, the brand maker can earn $1, and the OEM can only earn $.3. According to estimates, every 1 percentage point increase in Dongguan's GDP since the reform and opening up will consume about 1,2 mu of land. If calculated at this rate, the land reserve resources in Dongguan will be exhausted within ten years. Dongguan's predicament is a universal problem faced by the Pearl River Delta and even the first-developed areas in China, and its transformation has undoubtedly attracted much attention. Jiang Ling, member of the Standing Committee of Dongguan Municipal Committee, said that in the past 2 years, it was foreign capital that chose Dongguan, and Dongguan seized the opportunity. Now Dongguan has to choose its own foreign capital. The difference between "attracting foreign investment" and "selecting capital" shows that Dongguan now attaches importance to improving the level and quality of utilizing foreign capital. Dongguan also proposed to innovate the way of utilizing foreign capital. At the same time, technology is accelerating to replace capital and land as the primary resource to support economic development. Gaobao Group, located in changping town, Dongguan, established the first town-level postdoctoral workstation in China, and invested nearly 1 million yuan to build a national first-class laboratory. Starting from this year, Dongguan Municipal Finance will invest no less than 1 billion yuan every year, and more than 5 billion yuan for five consecutive years to help and guide enterprises to establish R&D institutions, so as to build a science and technology Dongguan. Jinjiang bid farewell to the simple cluster model. In 1994, at the seminar on rural development road in China, when Jinjiang, Wenzhou and Pearl River Delta were juxtaposed as the model of rural economic development in China, many people disagreed: How big is the "specimen" significance of a county-level city's economic development? Twelve years later, Jinjiang handed in a satisfactory answer sheet. The key enterprises in a cluster are hailed as the first tree species. Once buried, a forest may grow. Xunxing zipper is such a "tree species". Twenty years ago, Xunxing Zipper started from 16, yuan, and in 1995, it set up a group. In 22, it established SBS Xunxing Zipper Technology Co., Ltd., which became a zipper specialized company integrating mold development, zipper production, electroplating and dyeing. More than 2 enterprises supported it and formed an industrial cluster. Today, the output value has reached 1 billion yuan. The way to realize industrialization and promote urbanization by developing industrial clusters is the modern version of "Jinjiang Model" based on regional economic development today. In Jinjiang, these clusters gather more than 6, enterprises, with an annual output value of more than 6 billion yuan, accounting for more than 9% of the city's total industrial output value. The leading effect of "Jinjiang Model" once made the industrial cluster wind prevail in the eastern part of China. "Jinjiang Model" is undoubtedly successful, but it is not perfect. Jinjiang's economy today mainly depends on private enterprises, but most private enterprises here still face three "soft spots": family-run operation, weak scientific and technological competitiveness and lack of brand protection awareness. Moreover, when the industry develops to a certain scale, product quality and market scale will enter a stable period, which means stopping growth. This is the problem that Jinjiang people are facing now. As a result, smart Jinjiang people began to take another road. Jinjiang entrepreneurs are well versed in the power of brands. From imitation processing to OEM production, and then to launching its own brand, Jinjiang has gradually shaped the prototype of "Brand Capital". Jinjiang now has 37 well-known trademarks in China, 24 famous brand products in China and 63 national brands. Jinjiang enterprises are good at building brands with celebrity endorsements and media advertisements. In recent years, the annual advertising investment is as high as 7 million yuan. Some people jokingly call the sports channel of CCTV "Jinjiang Taiwan". At the same time, the government is also trying to promote new changes in the "Jinjiang Model". Yang Yimin, secretary of Jinjiang Municipal Party Committee, said that at present, quite a few industrial clusters have bid farewell to the simple gathering stage and started to introduce new business models relying on their own superior brands. The government will also vigorously promote enterprises to move from family system to joint-stock cooperative system, and form new clusters through capital ties.