psittacosis
Pathogen: Chlamydia is the pathogen of psittacosis, which can infect 190 kinds of birds, including poultry, and also can infect people.
Symptoms: depression, loss of appetite or refusal to eat, diarrhea, watery feces in the early stage, green or gray in color, decreased feces in the middle stage, sticky, black or green, often polluting feathers; In the later stage, feces are a large number of water samples. Some eyes and nose are inflamed, and watery or purulent secretions flow out, making it difficult to breathe, and the breathing sound is thick, making a "giggle" sound; I often squat and don't move, and finally I am exhausted.
Treatment:
① The sick birds diagnosed as psittacosis should be removed, buried or burned together with poultry excreta to avoid infecting healthy birds and people. g s3= 3
② Strictly disinfect cages and drinking utensils.
③ Special and precious birds can be treated with drugs under strict isolation. The method is to mix the raw materials according to the following concentrations: tetracycline 0.02-0.04%, oxytetracycline 0.05-0. 1% or chlortetracycline 0.02-0.06%, which must be evenly mixed for 30 days.
Prevention:
(1) In order to prevent the introduction of chlamydia, newly introduced birds should be kept in isolation for at least 3 months.
② In case of chlamydia, decisive measures should be taken to eliminate sick birds, and cages, drinking utensils and the environment should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. If you want to introduce new birds to raise in the original environment, it is best to introduce them after a while.
Depilating mite
Symptoms: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is mainly parasitic on the hairy areas of birds' backs, abdomen, buttocks and wings, and it is rare in the head and neck. Punching holes in the base of feathers causes strong stimulation to the local area, which makes birds peck at feathers continuously and causes depilation.
Treatment: 20% pyrethroid emulsifiable concentrate was diluted 2000 times, and the sick birds were given a medicinal bath, and another medicinal bath was given 7 days after the first medicinal bath. When the amount of infection is small, it can be taken out directly by hand or tweezers.
Feather lice (lice, hairy lice)
Symptoms: The feather louse is a wingless insect, parasitic on various birds. When infected with feather lice, birds are restless and peck at feathers, causing them to fall off. After a long time, it is easy to cause malnutrition, anemia and emaciation. Serious can lead to death.
Treatment:
① Trichlorfon was wrapped in double gauze, and 0.5% trichlorfon was smeared on birds, rubbing their feathers while smearing.
② The concentration of deltamethrin in the market is 2.5%. Add talcum powder to make 3% and apply it to birds in the same way.
Pantothenic acid (B3) deficiency
Symptoms: localized scab-like lesions appear at the corners of the mouth, with small scab-like eyelid edges, and the upper and lower eyes and face are often adhered by sticky exudates, resulting in visual impairment. Some people still have difficulty walking, their toes dare not touch the ground, and the skin between the soles of their feet or toes appears small rupture.
Treatment: Take calcium pantothenate. Because pantothenic acid deficiency may be related to vitamin B2 deficiency, vitamin B2 should be taken at the same time. Conventional surgical treatment of eyelid and toe or sole diseases.
Prevention: Because the pantothenic acid content in corn is very low, it is necessary to avoid simply feeding corn.
Mineral deficiency
Calcium and phosphorus
When calcium and phosphorus are deficient or the ratio of calcium and phosphorus is not appropriate, rickets will occur in chicks and the keel will become bent. Female adult birds lay thick-shelled eggs or soft-shelled eggs. The treatment and prevention method is to properly add bone powder or shell powder to the feed. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in feed should be kept at 2.5: 1. Iron, cobalt and copper, iron, cobalt and copper have a synergistic effect with each other, which is necessary for erythropoiesis. Lack can lead to anemia. Among animal feeds such as blood, liver, spleen, kidney and egg yolk, plant feeds such as bran, bran, vegetables and young leaves of plants have higher iron content. A certain amount of green vegetables, chaff and pellet feed should be fed during the feeding process. If you feed fried feed, you should use an iron pot and spoon when frying, and add some egg yolk and vegetables appropriately. This can prevent iron deficiency.
When cobalt and copper are insufficient, cobalt chloride and copper sulfate can be added respectively.
When zinc is deficient, the feathers are pale and not gorgeous, and the feathers are uneven. Egg shells become thinner when egg birds are deficient in zinc, and stillbirths increase when they hatch.
The following formula can be used to treat and prevent the deficiency of trace elements such as iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and sulfur (unit: gram):
Ferrous sulfate 0. 15
Manganese sulfate 0. 15
Cobalt chloride 0. 10
Potassium iodide 0.05
Zinc sulfate 0.20
Boric acid 0.05
Calcium carbonate 99.3
Weigh all kinds of drugs according to the above formula and mix them evenly. Dosage: 0. 1g for adults and 0.0 1g for chicks, continuously feeding for 20 days, then stopping feeding for one week, and then continuing feeding.
Vitamin a deficiency
Symptoms: The main symptoms of vitamin A deficiency are: inflammation of the eyes and nose, swelling of eyelids, decreased vision, tofu-like secretions in the eyes, and sometimes the upper and lower eyelids stick together; Loose feathers; Dyskinesia Some birds have dry eyes, or one eyeball sinks, but the eyeball is not damaged and they still have vision. In severe cases, corneal perforation will occur, leading to outflow of aqueous humor and blindness. When young birds lack vitamin A, their growth will be delayed or stopped.
Treatment: Vitamin A deficiency can be treated with cod liver oil. Feeding a drop of concentrated cod liver oil every day for three days can cure it quickly (the eyeball has been damaged beyond cure). 3% boric acid water can be used to clean eyes with secretions or adhesion of upper and lower eyelids.
Prevention: properly adding carrots, vegetables or fruits to the feed can prevent vitamin A deficiency, and cod liver oil can also be added, but it is easy to cause poisoning if it is not mastered well.
Vitamin B 1 deficiency * >?
Symptoms: vitamin B 1 deficiency can cause loss of appetite and weight loss; Weak legs, unstable pace and reduced activity; Don't like singing; Loose feathers; Muscle paralysis, starting from the toes, then spreading upward, spreading to the muscles of the legs, wings and neck. The sick bird will suddenly twitch all over and take the shape of a star. This symptom is paroxysmal, and it gets worse every time.
Treatment: Vitamin B 1 should be supplemented. If the condition is serious, intramuscular injection should be taken, once a day or every other day 10 mg each time. Mild symptoms can be added to feed or drinking water. Feed or drinking water added with vitamin B 1 should not be left for too long, because vitamin B 1 will be destroyed if exposed to air for a long time. So change it 2-3 times a day.
Prevention: too old grain and fried rice will destroy vitamin B1in grain during feed processing; Too simple feed, especially the lack of bran and turquoise feed, can easily lead to vitamin B 1 deficiency. Because the cereal feed is rich in vitamin B 1, as long as the old raw grain is avoided to process the feed, the feed is too single, and generally vitamin B 1 deficiency will not occur.
Vitamin B 12 deficiency
Symptoms: The symptom of vitamin B 12 deficiency is anemia, which is characterized by pale legs and toes, and pale conjunctiva when you open your eyes. Birds pecking at each other in the same cage often cause bleeding and even death. When the gray bird lacks vitamin B 12, the red around the eyes becomes lighter or whiter, and the red of the mouth and feet also becomes lighter.
Treatment: severe cases need intramuscular injection of vitamin B 12, each time 1 microgram, 2-3 days 1 time. If the illness is mild, you can add some minced meat or eggs to the feed appropriately.
Prevention: Because the plant feed does not contain vitamin B 12, but the animal feed such as meat, liver, fish and eggs has a high content of vitamin B 12, minced meat or eggs should be properly added to the feed.
vitamin b2 deficiency
Symptoms: Adult birds' toes bend inward, which leads to toe bending paralysis. During the incubation process, the number of dead embryos increased, and some of them could hatch, but after hatching, the toes of chicks were bent or the yolk was absorbed slowly.
Treatment: intramuscular injection or vitamin B2, 65438±0mg each time, every other day 1 time.
Vitamin d deficiency
Symptoms:
Lack of vitamin D will affect the absorption and utilization of calcium by birds, leading to poor growth and development and rough and dull feathers; The sternum, beak and claws are deformed or bent, and the legs are severely deformed; Leg weakness, reduced activity, often squatting to rest. Female birds lay soft eggs, which affects reproduction.
Treatment:
Take concentrated cod liver oil to supplement vitamin D, one drop a day for three days. Pay attention to whether there is calcium deficiency while supplementing vitamin D. You can add bone powder and shell powder to supplement calcium while supplementing vitamin D.
Prevention:
Often going outdoors to bask in the sun can encourage birds to produce vitamin D themselves. However, it should be noted that sunlight passing through ordinary glass can not promote birds to produce vitamin D.
Vitamin e deficiency
Symptoms:
When vitamin E is deficient, birds will have dyskinesia, and their heads and necks will lean back and bend into an "S" shape. Although I really want to eat food, it is actually very difficult to eat food and water. Sometimes a sudden touch will make the bird's head and neck lean back, and its head and neck will bend in an "S" shape, making it unstable, and sometimes it will fall to the ground, and it may return to normal after a little silence. As his illness worsens, he will die in a few days.
Treatment:
Take vitamin E, 5mg each time, 2-3 times a day. When there is no vitamin E, you can feed vegetable oil, such as peanut oil. If vegetable oil is dripped into the feed, the feed should not be kept for too long, not more than 8 hours in winter and not more than 4 hours in summer.
Prevention:
The main reason of vitamin E deficiency is that the feed has been stored for too long or deteriorated, so mildew and deterioration should be avoided.
In order to keep ornamental birds at home, we should not only pay attention to the sanitation and disinfection, but also prepare some commonly used drugs. These drugs are actually for human use and are sold in general pharmacies. The list of commonly used drugs is as follows:
Alcohol with a concentration of 75% is used to disinfect the hands of general appliances and bird breeders.
Formaldehyde (formalin), a disinfectant for birdcages and cages, is generally prepared into a solution of 5%~ 10% for surface disinfection or mixed with the same amount of potassium permanganate to fumigate houses.
Iodine can disinfect local wounds for a long time, and can be used when the skin is red, swollen and inflamed caused by mosquito bites.
When a bird's skin is damaged or scratched, it can be coated with purple liquid medicine.
Antibiotics, to prepare some commonly used antibiotics, such as oxytetracycline, erythromycin, norfloxacin and so on. Can treat enteritis and respiratory infection.
Paraffin oil can be used as a lubricant for dripping anus or diarrhea, treating constipation and helping to lay eggs.
Cod liver oil is a nutritional medicine, which contains vitamins A and D. It can treat diseases caused by vitamin A and D deficiency, prevent rickets and improve reproductive rate.
Vitamin B complex can prevent diseases caused by vitamin B deficiency, and help digestion and improve appetite.
Vitamin B 1 (thiamine hydrochloride) is mainly used to treat neuritis, spasm, gastrointestinal weakness and anorexia caused by vitamin B 1 deficiency.
List of antibiotic drugs
The following is a list of drugs commonly used to treat bacterial diseases in poultry, including ingredients, course of treatment and characteristic notes; I hope I can help you:
(1) Penicillins
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
5- 10 day amoxicillin, clavulanic acid, can resist most bacteria, medicinal properties.
Penbritin, Orbenin, is safe to treat birds bitten by cats.
Very effective! Will not cause birds.
Drug allergy.
2) Tetracyclines
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
30-45 days Tricon, oxytetracycline, indications are psittacosis and mycoplasma virus,
Chlortetracycline, caused by bird disease. But for the intestine,
Pantomycin, bacterial infection is ineffective.
Oxytetracycline must be stopped for sick birds before administration.
Carnat, calcium-containing food or additive.
Minocycline,
Doxycycline is the fourth best treatment for psittacosis.
Vibramycin and Doryc vegetarian drugs will not affect calcium.
The chemical action of parrots. Also used for treatment.
Vibravet, treatment of gram-negative bacteria
Treatment.
(3) Erythromycin
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
After 10 days, Gallimycin was mainly used for chronic respiratory diseases and ballonitis.
Stop for 5 days and then get sinusitis. But most bacteria care about this.
After administration of 10, antibiotics developed resistance.
(4) Chloramphenicol
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
Absorption degree of chloramphenicol by sick birds after 5- 10 days.
Biomycin is unstable, so injection is better.
Toxic, a small amount will also endanger health!
5) macrocyclic tylosin AMP
Pay attention to the medicinal properties of medical trademarks during treatment.
After 10 days, Tylan was particularly effective in treating mycoplasma infection.
It won't be effective until it stops for 5 days. This medicine is bitter in nature and partly refined.
After administration of 10, bacteria developed resistance to these antibiotics.
(6) nystatin
Pay attention to the medicinal properties of medical trademarks during treatment.
5 to 10 days of Mycrostatin, suitable for crop infections and candidiasis.
Intestinal mold caused by Nilstat staining or feed. special
It is effective in treating chicks.
(7) methyltriazinone toltrazuril
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
Three-day Bexox and Carlos are the most effective drugs to treat coccidiosis.
(8) Lincomycin
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
5 to 10 days, lincomycin is very resistant to gram-positive bacteria.
Good curative effect, especially for staphylococcus aureus.
And pneumococcus have high efficiency. External use/application
It can also treat skin diseases and sores.
9) Shaoji 0- furan nitrofuran
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
7 to 10 days of furacilin, used to treat colon and respiratory tract bacteria.
Furacillin, neffen and infection have a good effect. But too
Many doses of furacilin can cause bird poisoning.
Furacillin, toxic to people, should be carefully stored!
(9) Imidazole of imidazole dioxygen
Explanation on the medicinal characteristics of drug trademarks in the process of treatment
Emtryl mainly treats trichomoniasis for 5 to 7 days, but the weather is not good.
It should be heated carefully; Because it will
Let sick birds drink plenty of water!
Melrin Flagyl, safer medicine!
Ronnie witt -S,
Torgil TourBeausol
Spartacus,
(Note: Please refer to the drug description or ask the registered pharmacist about the drug dosage. )