(1) Cowhide: The pores of cowhide are small and round, evenly distributed, the leather surface is bright and smooth, the texture is plump and delicate, the appearance is smooth and soft, and the texture is solid and elastic when touched by hands. When picking, if the leather surface is squeezed hard, there are small wrinkles. Leather goods made of cowhide can hardly be seen without careful look. At the same time, because the cowhide is thick, it is very stiff to wear.
(2) Sheepskin: The pores on the surface of sheepskin are flat and round, and the pores are clear, and several of them are in a group, which are arranged like fish scales. Leather products made of sheepskin are delicate and soft, and although the surface is shiny, it is not as bright as cattle products. When the leather surface is squeezed hard, there will be obvious wrinkles. Sheepskin products are comfortable to wear.
(3) Pigskin: Pores on the surface of pigskin are round and thick, and three of them are arranged in a triangle side by side, each group is far apart, and the leather surface is uneven. Even after polishing, it can be recognized. The surface of leather is rougher than cowhide, and it feels hard.
(4) Horse skin: Generally speaking, horse skin is somewhat similar to cattle, with a smooth and delicate appearance. However, careful observation shows that horse skin is not as bright as cowhide, with dark color, oval pores and loose and soft cortex. Horse skin is closer to sheepskin than sheepskin. The thickness of leather surface and the size of bristles are quite similar to sheepskin. The key to distinguish is that the leather of horse skin is harder than sheepskin, with poor hand feeling and uneven luster. Squeeze the leather hard without wrinkles. Horse skin is easy to break when worn for a long time.
(5) Artificial leather: also called imitation leather. At present, the imitation leather products made of polyurethane nonwoven synthetic leather are close to the left leather products in appearance, and even can reach the degree of "confusion". This requires careful identification and selection. Generally speaking, imitation leather is made by coating chemical raw materials on cloth. Imitation cowhide looks and feels like cowhide; Imitation sheepskin looks and feels like sheepskin, and the leather surface is shiny. But there are no pores on the leather surface, and the bottom plate is not animal skin. Squeeze hard and the leather won't wrinkle. It can still be distinguished from animal skin, but there are also artificial leathers with microporous membranes. In this case, it can still be distinguished according to the opposite substrate material. Some lawless elements sell imitation leather products as genuine leather products. In order not to be seen through, the interface edge of imitation leather products is often covered with a layer of miscellaneous skin, and the skin at the interface is clamped. Consumers should pay attention to the distinction when buying, so as not to be fooled.
Leather clothing fabrics are generally divided into goatskin, sheepskin, cowhide, pigskin and horseskin. The fiber structure of goatskin is thinner than that of sheepskin, and its strength is higher than that of sheepskin, so it is the first choice for leather clothing. Goatskin is characterized by fine surface, compact fibers, many fine hairs, semicircular pores, tough, soft and elastic hand feeling, while sheepskin has loose surface, fine pores and soft hand feeling. High-quality natural leather is soft, plump, crisp and breathable, and its tensile strength, bending strength, tear strength and other properties meet the standards. As long as it is properly maintained, it will slowly "age".
The quality of leather clothing is mainly manifested in the following aspects: dyeing fastness, coating adhesion, materials, leather strength, processing and so on. Consumers should pay attention to the following points when buying leather clothes: be sure to recognize the trademark, specifications, name and address of the manufacturer of leather clothes, and do not buy products without registered trademarks and manufacturers; Second, the leather coat should not fade, crack or desquamate, and the feel should be plump and elastic. The whole garment should have the same color, no color difference or flower, smooth leather surface and fine grain surface. The third is "touch", "smell" and "look". "Touch" should be soft, plump and elastic, "smell" should be tasteless, and "look" should depend on whether the whole dress is too thin, too loose, shelled and peeled. Generally, three or four pigs or five or six sheep can make a leather coat, so the overall effect of leather coat should be properly matched with thickness, thickness and color, and the smaller the difference between primary and secondary parts, the better.
Plumpness and no loose surface are the key points of sensory inspection of leather quality. The whole feel of leather means that the leather fibers are dispersed moderately during the processing, so that the leather fibers still maintain a certain spatial configuration and good elasticity. Loose surface means that the fibers on the grain surface of leather are loose and the density is reduced. During inspection, the grain surface of leather can be bent inward by 90 degrees, and there will be large wrinkles on the grain surface. After flattening, wrinkles can't disappear completely, that is, the surface is slack.
Leather inspection: first look at decoloration. Select the secondary parts of leather clothing, such as the back of the collar, the inside of the clothes or the skirt, dip absorbent cotton in water and squeeze it dry by hand. Select the part with the length of 10cm on the leather coat, rub it with absorbent cotton for 20 times, and observe whether the absorbent cotton is stained. If the dyeing color is heavy, black or dark gray, it is unqualified.
Experimental inspection: Generally, the wet rubbing grade of leather is required to be Grade III (please refer to the colorimetric standard card of leather inspection station). Let's take a look at the situation of the cracked surface falling off. Rub your hands for two or three minutes. After stretching, observe whether there are cracks and slag on the leather surface. If cracks and slag fall, it is unqualified. You can also lift the leather surface from the inside with your fingers and rub the lifted part several times with your hands. If the surface coating falls off, it is pulp dropping, indicating that the coating is not firm. Finally, look at the strength of leather itself. The most important index of leather strength is tear strength. When doing experiments in the laboratory, make a diamond-shaped incision in the leather, and then hang two hooks on the tension machine to see if the incision continues to tear under a certain tension. Visual inspection can be based on this principle, cut a small mouth in the secondary part of the leather coat and gently break it open by hand. If the cut part is deformed, the tear strength is not enough. You can also pull the joint with moderate strength, and if there is a tearing trend, it is unqualified; You can also let your fingers dig the top leather surface from the inside. If there are cracks and cracks, it is an unqualified product.
Inspection of leather garment accessories: leather garment has a long service life and high quality requirements for leather garment accessories. Zippers and buttons are generally first-class copper products, and leather clothing linings are mostly made of high-quality silk.
High-quality leather feels soft, smooth and elastic, and the wrinkles pressed by hand can disappear quickly. All parts of the clothes have uniform skin thickness, comfortable to wear, flat and crisp, neither hard nor soft.
Leather clothing made of smooth leather has soft hand feel, clear and smooth grain surface and strong grain light sense, and has become the main material for making high-quality leather clothing, and double needle seams are widely used.