After 30 years of reform and opening up, the most practical experience of ordinary people is that the days are getting better every day! My brain is more active every day! The spring breeze of 30 years of reform has aroused people's incomparable yearning and pursuit of material and spiritual wealth, and the hot words of life triggered by it have deeply impressed people's life memories of that era. Of course, some of these words are too popular and become synonymous with people summing up their work and life, while others are drowned by the tide of history, marking the past of history. Looking back on the current events in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, after 30 years of unremitting pursuit, our life has undergone earth-shaking changes.

Thirty years of reform and opening up have not only brought great material and spiritual wealth to the people of China, but also left many unforgettable words on the historical track, so that we can look back with a calm mind after 30 years. Unexpectedly, these hot words are so meaningful after being washed away by history. ...

wealthy family

It means that a family has 10 thousand yuan. This new term, which appeared in China in the early 1980s, quickly swept across the country and became synonymous with the first group of people who got rich first.

Ten thousand households is the most popular word at the beginning of China's reform and opening-up, and it is the representative of getting rich through hard work. Before the reform and opening up, in the era of "the poorer the glory" and "the poorer the revolution", anyone who was a million yuan household was definitely the object of dictatorship. After the reform and opening up, the change of policy has made the consciousness of "getting rich and glorious" deeply rooted in people's hearts.

In 1980s, an ordinary apprentice of Baotou Steel earned only 18 yuan a month. When it comes to 10,000 households, everyone's eyes are bright, and many towns and industrial and commercial departments regard 10,000 households as a glorious indicator. It shows people's strong desire to get rich in the early days of reform and opening up and unprecedented joy after getting rich.

In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, Baotou's family income has developed rapidly. By the end of 2007, the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 17876 yuan, and the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen reached more than 6000 yuan.

Nowadays, the word "ten thousand households" that once represented wealth has become a thing of the past. The per capita disposable income 17876 yuan has increased the scale of wealth. Now, only if you own a house and a private car and your family's fixed assets reach at least 500,000 yuan can you be considered well-off.

Walk into the sea

In the early days of reform and opening up, with the prosperity of market economy, many people were dissatisfied with the status quo and turned to business, which is called "going to sea".

In Baotou, too many entrepreneurs dare to borrow the spring breeze of reform to seek gold in the sea. Mr. Lu is such a local entrepreneur in Baotou. He once described his first trip to the sea like this: "At that time, my relatives and friends knew that I went to Shenzhen to go to the sea, and often asked me to bring some materials that were hard to buy in Baotou, such as electronic watches and socks. So every time I go back to my hometown, I always bring big bags and small bags, some of them are given away, and the rest are sold in Baotou. The difference is very big. The huge price difference between some goods in inland cities and coastal cities has made the sea people seize the gold spot of commodity trade.

Today, 30 years after the reform and opening up, the word going out to sea is still in hot use, which shows that going out to sea still effectively affects people's pursuit of wealth.

family planning

Take Qingshan District of Baotou City as an example. As an ordinary district (county) in China, the birth rate and natural growth rate of Qingshan District are from 15.78% in the early 1970s. And 13.6%. , down to 8.27% in 2007. And 4.84%. . Over 200,000 people were born in this area in the past 30 years.

At the end of 1970s, Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of China's reform and opening up, profoundly analyzed the basic national conditions of China on the basis of summing up the experience and lessons of socialist construction since the founding of New China, pointed out that China must consider the characteristics of China's big country, weak foundation, large population and little cultivated land in order to realize the four modernizations, and revealed the objective requirement that the population must develop in harmony with economy, society, resources and environment. Deng Xiaoping's main contribution to solving the population problem in China is to examine and deal with the population problem in the overall situation of national economic and social development, and clearly put forward that China's population policy is a strategic policy. According to Deng Xiaoping's thought, the China government regards family planning, population control and population quality improvement as a basic national policy, which is clearly stipulated in the Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC).

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, the number of births in the autonomous region has been reduced by 910.3 million, social support payments have been saved by 529.5 billion yuan, per capita GDP has increased by 6,886 yuan, and the contribution rate to the national economy has reached 27.52%.

From the former super-life guerrillas to family planning and then to Dink's choice, people's concept of fertility has changed greatly.

invigorate/rejuvenate/revitalize China through science and education

Around 1985, Mr. Li has been the head teacher of middle school for 10 years. His monthly salary is only 80 yuan, only more than his wife who works as a domestic worker in the factory 10 yuan. The couple will use this 150 yuan to help their elderly parents and a pair of children go to middle school. At that time, Mr. Li's neighbor worked as a loader at the railway station, earning about 200 yuan every month, and another neighbor drove a carriage to transport, earning more than 300 yuan a month.

1987, Miss Li also started a small business on Sunday. Early in the morning on the weekend, I went to the wholesale market and sold two baskets of fruit along the street. I was a little embarrassed at first, wearing a straw hat and a pair of big sunglasses. I'm afraid to meet acquaintances and parents of students. Although it is hard, I can earn sixty or seventy yuan more every month. This money is equivalent to one month's salary, which can solve many problems for his family.

At that time, the phenomenon of "professors selling sesame cakes" and "doctors setting up stalls" was often talked about by people. This phenomenon of "brain upside down" lasted until the 1990s, leaving a brand of life for that generation of intellectuals. Someone once calculated an account: in 1985, the cost of a tea egg is 0. 15 yuan, and the market price is 0.40 yuan. As long as you sell 100 tea eggs a day, you will earn at least 750 yuan's income every month. At that time, Li of Factory 202 earned a monthly salary of 500 yuan. "Those who make atomic bombs are not as good as those who sell tea and eggs, and those who hold scalpels are not as good as those who hold shaving knives" became a strange phenomenon of that era.

1977, Deng Xiaoping put forward at the symposium on science and education: "Where should China start to catch up with the advanced world level? I think we should start with science and education. "Without science and education, there is no hope for the four modernizations and it will become an empty talk." From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, Comrade Deng Xiaoping adhered to the core idea that "science and technology is the key and education is the foundation", which laid a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the formation of the development strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education".

With the deepening of reform and opening up, simple small workshop production and extensive commodity management mode are becoming less and less competitive in the tide of market economy. The proposal and in-depth practice of the development strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" have gradually made scientific and technological talents with rich scientific knowledge and management talents with advanced management knowledge hot, and the talent strategy has also become an important task that governments at all levels must grasp.

National college entrance examination

1977, the national college entrance examination resumed. Li Minghua, a candidate at that time, described himself like this: "Put down the sledgehammer with your front foot and enter the examination room with your back foot." Countless young intellectuals finally look forward to the day when they return to school. However, it was very difficult to enter the highest institution of learning at that time. There are 5.7 million people taking the national college entrance examination, and only one out of every 29 candidates can be admitted to the university. Our city 1982 college entrance examination registered 8788 people, and 1090 people were admitted. Only one out of every 12 people was admitted to the university. By 2008, the number of applicants was 25 18.

The country is paying more and more attention to talents, which makes more and more people understand the importance of knowledge. "Science and technology is the primary productive force" is no longer just a slogan, but a road to lead people to prosperity. The strange phenomenon that "those who build atomic bombs are not as good as those who sell tea and eggs, and those who hold scalpels are not as good as those who hold razors" has completely become a historical joke.

If the hot words "ten thousand households, going to the sea, family planning, rejuvenating the country through science and education, and college entrance examination" indicate people's urgent pursuit of wealth, ideas and life at the beginning of reform and opening up, then laid-off, golden week, job-hopping and house slaves show the great changes in people's lives and concepts from another level in recent years. People can take the initiative to change jobs, take long vacations, travel, and have financial institutions lend you money to buy a house ... these are people's ideas at the beginning of reform and opening up.

be fired

From 65438 to 0995, the tide of laid-off workers finally blossomed everywhere in Baotou's large, medium and small enterprises. "At that time, everyone was afraid that it was not easy to have a fixed job. Once it's gone, it's not young. Who would like it? " Aunt Wang and her lover, who work in a small enterprise in Donghe District, also encountered the same problem. "Are you laid off?" Aunt Wang began to waver. Maybe being laid off is not terrible. At that time, my son 16 years old needed money to go to school. My wife strongly disagrees. "Two people make money. What are you doing when you are laid off? " My son is especially supportive. "Mom, you down it's okay. You have the ability! "

Later, Aunt Wang offered to be laid off, a move that many people could not understand at that time. However, after 13 years passed, the snack bar operated by Aunt Wang after she was laid off has already become a large-scale restaurant. She not only helped her son finish his college education, but also sent him abroad. Old sisters who didn't understand Aunt Wang before now admire Aunt Wang's courage.

The abbreviation of laid-off workers is an objective phenomenon caused by the long-term oversupply of labor in China. China has a large population, a large labor force and rapid growth, far exceeding the needs of social production, and the number of jobs is relatively insufficient. As a result, many redundant employees in enterprises that need to be diverted can't find employment opportunities temporarily and become laid-off workers. In the past, under the employment system of unified contracting and allocation, state-owned enterprises undertook too many job placement tasks, resulting in redundancy, overstaffing and inefficiency. In the face of fierce market competition, enterprises must separate the surplus personnel accumulated in the past if they want to survive and develop.

Laid-off is the inevitable product of the transformation from planned economy system to market economy system. At the beginning of the reform and opening-up, there was such a mantra in the society-holding an iron rice bowl and eating a big pot of rice, doing well is the same as doing badly. At that time, being a worker in a factory was an iron rice bowl, and there was a mouth to eat for good or bad. However, with the in-depth development of the market economy, laid-off workers and their extended vocabulary compete for jobs, which effectively improves people's work efficiency and diverts some surplus labor, making indelible contributions to the rapid development of the tertiary industry.

golden week

200 1 On the eve of the "Eleventh" Golden Week, Wang Xiaoshuai took his wife to the travel agency to sign up for a trip to Shanghai, which was the first long-distance trip for him and his wife. Usually, Wang Xiaoshuai and his wife are very busy at work. They go to work at 8 o'clock every day and have no chance to go out for a walk. Finally, after a 7-day long vacation, Wang Xiaoshuai saw his relatives and friends traveling in the Golden Week, and he also wanted to return to fashion. However, after seven days' long journey, Mr. and Mrs. Wang Xiaoshuai brought back bags of souvenirs and a thick stack of "landscape photos" filled with people.

In order to stimulate domestic demand, the State Council introduced a new statutory holiday system in September, 1999. Every year, the National Day, Spring Festival and May Day are all "bridged" with the weekends before and after, forming three seven-day long holidays. Since then, the Golden Week has changed people's way of life and created a "holiday economy" with China characteristics.

Since 2008, the legal holiday of May Day has been changed from 3 days to 1 day, which means the May Day Golden Week has been cancelled.

From 1999 to 2008, the Golden Week has passed 10 years. This public holiday consumption craze with China characteristics has been controversial since it was highly sought after at first. Although it has brought people a lot of leisure days and consumption days, in recent years, the problems of the Golden Week are constantly emerging-environmental damage, excessive waste of materials and so on. Therefore, the stay of the Golden Week has become a hot issue of concern. However, with the cancellation of the "May Day" Golden Week and the establishment of the paid vacation system, the problem of the Golden Week is now less dazzling.

job-hop

It means changing jobs. It turns out that in the era of planned economy, people can't jump ship casually, and the unit has tied people up, and many people even work in a factory until retirement. It is difficult to change jobs to another unit. It takes many times to go through the formalities between the two units and the personnel bureau of the two places.

Mr. Zhang, who worked in a media company in Baotou for nearly ten years, resigned last year. His friends said that he had the courage to stay in a stable and well-paid organization. How enviable, Mr. Zhang gave up this stable job and jumped to a company. Perhaps higher income, satisfactory position and different life pursuits are the motivation for his job-hopping.

As the saying goes, man struggles upwards and water flows downwards. It's hard to put job-hopping twenty or thirty years ago! To pass the layer-by-layer examination and approval, it is necessary to stamp countless seals on a paper transfer form. Nowadays, job-hopping is nothing new. As long as you are willing and the receiving unit is willing, no one can stop you. Job-hopping and firing bosses has also become the mantra of many white-collar workers.

mortgage slave

In May 2007, Ms. Zhang, who had been married for five years, decided to change rooms for her newborn son. She bought a house of 1.40 square meters in Poly Garden at a price of 3,400 yuan/square meter. She used the provident fund for housing loans for 20 years, and the monthly repayment amount was 2,400 yuan, accounting for 1/3 of the family income. For this loan, Ms. Zhang, who has a certain savings, said that although she can afford it, if the child's future education expenses are taken into account, the house bought by this loan will more or less affect her taste in life.

In 2006, a new word with wisdom and bitterness began to spread among the people. It means that urban residents buy houses by mortgage, and in the golden age of life, they use 40% to 50% or even a higher proportion of disposable income to repay the loan principal and interest every year, thus causing long-term pressure on residents' family life and affecting normal consumption. Buying a house affects one's education expenditure, medical expenditure and support for the elderly, which reduces the quality of family life and even makes people feel enslaved.

From 2005 to the first quarter of 2006, in the case of rising house prices, there were no low-priced buildings in the market, which made many buyers bear a heavy repayment burden. At the same time, the People's Bank of China announced interest rate hikes in 2004 and 2006, which further aggravated people's worries about the mortgage burden. The double worries about high housing prices and high interest rates have led people to worry that they will work for banks like slaves. The term house slave came into being and became a symbol of the real estate bubble. The same word is "negative Weng"

Buying a house by loan has realized many people's dream of "home ownership", but buying a house by loan has also brought huge economic burden to many people. Of course, the term "house slave" seems awkward and bitter now. What kind of happy word would it be 30 years ago when people were still living in "tubular houses" and "pigeon coops"?