Whether a blackboard newspaper looks good, has visual impact and artistic taste, and whether it can achieve the purpose of attracting viewers and readers, so that viewers can obtain new information, learn new knowledge, and learn from it. Being educated and cultivating one's sentiments not only depends on the content editing and promotion theme selection of the blackboard newspaper, but also depends on the expression form and connection method between the various components of the blackboard newspaper in the design of the blackboard newspaper. and the interweaving and layout of various elements. Of course, whether the various components are reasonably arranged and used appropriately during the layout process are important factors related to the visual effect and artistic expression of the layout. Therefore, in the design of the blackboard newspaper, the subject and object of the "newsletter" must be organically combined, and we cannot just focus on one side and ignore the other. Only by following this principle can the designed blackboard newspaper have high ideological and artistic quality, and can the blackboard newspaper be designed with high ideological and artistic quality. Only when all components of the layout are coordinated can the blackboard newspaper have a unique style and a new look.
The blackboard newspaper must meet the formal requirements of a "newspaper" and fully reflect its normative, artistic, ideological and unique nature of the blackboard newspaper. The design and production personnel of the newspaper must understand and master the composition of each component of the blackboard newspaper and the role it plays in the various layout structures designed. At the same time, they must also understand the overall capacity and various elements of the blackboard newspaper layout. The relationship between them is the key to designing and organizing a good blackboard newspaper, and it is also the most fundamental and basic.
1. The components of the blackboard newspaper
As we all know, among the various publicity media today, the use of modern communication technology and equipment is dominant, and only the blackboard Newspapers are still produced directly by hand and have not changed with the development of the times. It is still presented in front of people with a variety of layouts and informal forms. However, no matter how the layout design of the blackboard newspaper changes or how the production methods break through, the main components of the blackboard newspaper are the same and consistent. This is determined by the nature of the blackboard newspaper and is an inherent pattern formed by people's subjective consciousness and habits.
The blackboard newspaper is composed of four basic elements: "text", "picture", "color" and "distance".
The first element "text" refers to two aspects: one is the information content formed by text, that is, the overall content of the blackboard newspaper composed of articles (manuscripts), various titles and other texts. It constitutes the central idea of ??the blackboard newspaper's propaganda and forms the main body and core of the blackboard newspaper. The second is the text itself, that is, the artistic calligraphy of the title, the calligraphy on the blackboard, and the visual artistic forms and colors of other words. It is an integral part of layout visual art.
The second element "picture" refers to the layout form, structure, color effects and other components of visual art composed of masthead (masthead painting), illustrations, inscriptions, tail flowers, lace, and frames. . It is the object of the blackboard newspaper, which revolves around the central idea of ??propaganda, reflects the subject, emphasizes the subject, and serves the subject.
The third element "color" is naturally integrated into and reflected in the various components of the blackboard newspaper. It gives each component a distinct, brilliant and colorful personality to highlight the theme and embellish it. and enhance the atmosphere of the page.
The fourth element "distance" refers to the gap that constitutes the visual part of the blackboard, that is, the separation distance. It distinguishes and isolates the layout composed of other elements to achieve a clear, relaxed and orderly layout.
From the properties reflected by the above elements, it is not difficult to see that between the subject and the object of the blackboard newspaper, the constituent elements are interdependent, compatible with each other, interspersed with each other and express each other around the central idea. It is an inseparable organic whole. Because of this, the layout design of the blackboard newspaper should follow the characteristics and properties reflected by each element, and distribute them reasonably in order to achieve the ideal goal of highlighted layout, reasonable layout, rich pictures and texts, bright colors, novel and unique.
2. The vision and capacity of the blackboard newspaper
Under normal circumstances, when people watch and read the blackboard newspaper, they always have to stand at a certain position and distance, which makes the viewer A visual distance is created between the reader and the blackboard newspaper.
At this distance, the smallest visual unit of the blackboard report. The smallest visual unit mentioned here refers to the chalk characters on the blackboard, that is, the size of the chalk characters (except punctuation marks), which should be adjusted to within the visual range suitable for the viewer to watch. , the font should be neither too large nor too small. Only in this way can the overall capacity of the layout text be determined based on the space occupied by a unit, and typesetting design can be carried out. However, when we publish blackboard newspapers, we often encounter long manuscripts. If we do not modify or delete the text content of the manuscript, but artificially reduce the chalk characters written on the blackboard and copy them word for word, this kind of In order to preserve the manuscript, regardless of whether the viewer can read it easily and clearly, it will not only cause the layout to be crowded, reduce and shrink other components of the layout, but also create a feeling of depression and dullness in the viewer's mind. And affect the publicity effect of the blackboard newspaper. On the contrary, if the manuscript has less text and the chalk characters on the blackboard are designed to be too large, the layout will be loose and empty, the amount of information in the content will be reduced, and the main body will have no weight, which will force other components of the blackboard newspaper to fill up the page. Exaggeration, causing imbalance in layout structure. In this way, the publication quality of the blackboard newspaper is reduced, the information content of the "newspaper" is lost, and the readers' interest in reading is weakened.
From a visual point of view, the capacity of the blackboard newspaper is based on the smallest visual unit of the blackboard newspaper (chalk characters written on the blackboard). Normally, according to people’s visual distance, that is, the distance between the person and the blackboard newspaper To determine the visual distance of two to four meters, the minimum size of chalk characters on the blackboard should be determined as follows: square characters: character height 3 cm x character width 3 cm; flat characters: character height 2.5 cm x character width 3.5 cm; long character Character: The character height is 4 cm x the character width is 2.5 cm; the line spacing is preferably 1.5 cm. The maximum chalk character size for blackboard writing should be as follows: square characters: character height 4 cm x character width 4 cm; flat character characters: character height 3 cm x character width 4.5 cm; long character characters: character height 5 cm x character width 3 cm ;The line spacing is 2 cm.
In addition to the smallest visual unit, the capacity of the blackboard is also related to the size of the blackboard. Therefore, before designing the blackboard newspaper, be sure to measure the length and height of the blackboard, so that you can be aware of it during the design and the layout will be accurate.
The capacity of the blackboard newspaper is visually dominated by the visible part. This requires a reasonable distribution of the "pictures" and "text" that constitute the blackboard newspaper, so that the proportion of pictures and text is just right. Under normal circumstances, the total picture of an ordinary-sized blackboard newspaper should account for one-third of the page, and no more than two-fifths at most; the text should account for two-thirds or more than three-fifths of the total page. Of course, pages with special requirements are not included. Therefore, in the total capacity of a blackboard newspaper, the number of text manuscripts should be determined by the blackboard size and font size, and the number of words in each article should also be controlled. Generally, it is best not to exceed 180 words. , it would be best if it can be controlled to less than 120 words. This not only solves the reasonable interrelationship between the various components of the blackboard newspaper in the layout, but also leaves more room for designers to play, allowing more changes in layout design and a sense of ease during production. It also solves the problem of The visual acceptance ability of readers of blackboard newspapers makes blackboard newspapers truly unique and unforgettable with pictures and texts.