The origin is Cangzhou, Hebei Province, and the golden jujube is also called Xihe Jujube. The fruit is long and round, the skin is reddish brown, and the flesh is yellowish green. When it is broken, it can pull out the glittering and translucent sugar filaments, hence the name "Jinsixiaozao". Jujube has thin skin, thick meat, small core, fine quality and sweet taste. The sugar content is as high as 67%, and the ratio of kernel to meat is 1∶5.6. At the same time, it also contains protein, fat, starch, calcium, phosphorus, iron and various vitamins. The content of vitamin C is more than 7 times higher than that of apples, which is a good tonic for the old and weak.
Mothers and women who eat jujube with brown sugar, or boiled jujube into millet porridge and glutinous rice porridge, can greatly accelerate their physical recovery. Like jujube nectar, it can artificially breastfeed babies, which can not only help babies develop, but also sterilize and protect teeth. It also has a good effect on constipation, eye keratitis and corneal ulcer. At the same time, it also has the functions of soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, clearing away the heart and moistening the lungs, enriching blood and caring skin, regulating the middle energizer and benefiting qi.
fresh jujube is eaten raw, sweet, crisp and refreshing; Sun-dried and eaten raw, tender meat is warm and mellow, sweet as honey, and the flavor is excellent; Soaked in white wine and made into drunken dates, it is also quite flavored and can eliminate phlegm and fire. After all kinds of processing, it can also be made into delicious traditional sweet and sticky foods, such as jujube zongzi, jujube sticky cake, jujube cut cake, jujube flower cake, dragon roll cake, jujube pot cake, fried cake, and daily Laba cake and Laba porridge, which are all favorite foods for people.
nutritional value
Zizyphus jujuba is beautiful in color, rich in kernel, continuous in golden thread, delicious in nectar and rich in nutrition. It is known as a natural "vitamin pill" and is a good nourishing food. The sugar content of Zizyphus jujuba is as high as 7-8%, and it is rich in vitamins and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. It has the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, promoting tissue regeneration, invigorating spleen and moistening lung, enhancing immunity and lowering cholesterol. Zizyphus jujuba can be processed into candied dates, preserved dates, drinks and other nutritious foods. "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Dried jujube moistens the heart and lungs, relieves cough, tonifies the five internal organs, treats asthenia, and eliminates gastrointestinal addiction". Wudi County has a long history of planting Ziziphus jujuba with a history of more than 2,3 years. There are millions of acres of jujube and grain intercropping, and its quality and yield rank first in China. It is known as "the first county of Ziziphus jujuba in China" and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad.
History
Zizyphus jujuba is a famous specialty in Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, and the cultivation of jujube trees in Cangzhou has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, farmers benefited from jujube trees. Qingxian, Dacheng, Cangxian, Hejian, xian county, Botou, Yanshan, Haixing and other counties are all rich in jujube. Cangzhou Jinsixiaozao has become a rare jujube in China because of its unique flavor, among which Xiaoxinzhuang variety in Qingxian County is the best in taste and shape. According to legend, in the autumn of 1737, Emperor Qianlong went hunting in Cangzhou, passing through xian county, and when he saw jujube trees swaying by the roadside with numerous fruits, he was beaming. He went forward to pick a jujube, and when it opened, the golden silk shone, and it was as sweet as honey in his mouth. He said happily, "Cangzhou has been a land of grass since ancient times, but the golden silk jujube has a very good flavor. Is it so fresh?"
There are more than 2 varieties of
Zizyphus jujuba, among which four varieties, big long body, small long body, big garden body and small garden body, account for 99%. In the fruit tree, 4.4% are over 1 years old, 3% are from 5 to 1 years old, 57.6% are from 15 to 5 years old, and 8% are below 15 years old. According to the investigation, there are several jujube trees over 1, years old in Cangzhou. There is a jujube tree in Wanghuitou, Cangxian County, which is over 1, years old. The bust of this jujube tree is 1.8 meters, the height of the tree is 7.4 meters, the branches are 5.6 meters from north to south and 6.2 meters from east to west.
Before liberation, due to the attack of war and natural disasters, the area of jujube trees in the whole region was only 14, mu. After liberation, the people's government attached great importance to the development of jujube trees under the leadership of the * * * production party in China. Especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, jujube intercropping was vigorously promoted, and the planting area of jujube trees increased even faster, reaching 2.47 million mu in 1996, with a total output of 115 million kg. Among them, Cangxian has a planting area of 76, mu and an annual output of 44 million kilograms.
Cang county is one of the key counties for concentrated cultivation of Zizyphus jujuba, which is concentrated in Gao Chuan, Yancun, Huangdipu, Dusheng, Cuierzhuang, Daguanting, Shilou, Dachu Village, Chenwei and Zhifangtou, west of Heilonggang River, accounting for 95% of the county's planting area. There are 63,31 mu of cultivated land in Gao Chuan Township. In 1985, the planting area of jujube was 12,72 mu, with 318, plants.
in p>1996, it grew to more than 2, mu, with 5, mu of jujube and grain intercropping, accounting for 33% of the land area, with an annual output of 4,5 tons of jujube.
The intercropping area of jujube and grain in the city is 2.47 million mu, with an annual output of about 22 million Jin. Jinsixiaozao is famous at home and abroad for its thin skin, small core, high sugar content, rich nutrition, plump and delicate meat and sweet flavor. Golden jujube is crisp and sweet. Every 1g of jujube contains more than c5 mg of vitamin C. Dried jujube is sweet and fragrant, with a sugar content as high as 7-8%. It is also rich in protein, fat, crude fiber, inorganic salts, phosphorus, iron, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, chlorine, iodine, nicotinic acid and vitamins A and B, etc. Zizyphus jujuba has always been regarded as a traditional excellent nourishing product, and there is a saying that "three jujubes will live long after an eclipse". Jinsixiaozao is not only eaten raw, but also used to make various traditional sweet and sticky foods, such as jujube flower cake, jujube palm, jujube sticky cake, jujube cut cake, dragon roll cake, Changchun cake, etc. It can also be processed into candied jujube, sugar jujube, drunken jujube, bird jujube, crisp jujube, jujube tea, jujube juice, jujube jelly, jujube wine, jujube champagne, jujube sauce, jujube can and so on.
Zizyphus jujuba Mill. has a thin skin, small core, thick meat and rich nutrition, and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. It sells well in more than 2 countries and regions such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Britain, France, the United States, New Zealand, Switzerland, Canada, Hong Kong and Macao.
jujube cultivation in Cangzhou has a long history. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, farmers benefited from jujube trees. Cangxian, Hejian, xian county, Botou, Yanshan, Haixing and other counties are all rich in jujube. Originating in Dacheng, Hebei Province, Jinsixiaozao is one of the most excellent varieties of jujube resources in China and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. According to historical records, Dacheng Jinzizao has a long history of cultivation, with an annual output of more than 4.2 million kilograms. Zizyphus jujuba is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate, crude fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins A, C, P, fruit acid and other nutrients. Dacheng Jinsixiaozao is the first geographical indication certification trademark born in Langfang.
Chinese medicine believes that Zizyphus jujuba has the medicinal effects of benefiting the heart, moistening the lung, harmonizing the spleen, invigorating the stomach, invigorating qi and promoting fluid production, nourishing blood and calming the nerves, beautifying and beautifying the face, regulating all kinds of medicines, removing toxic substances and assisting the twelve meridians.
Modern medical research has proved that Jinsixiaozao has a good effect on the increase of serum transaminase in patients with anemia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, acute and chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Golden jujube also has indispensable nutrients for hematopoiesis. Triterpenoids have strong inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Regular consumption of Zizyphus jujuba has the effect of resisting gastrointestinal and liver malignant tumors.
Zizyphus jujuba has a long history of planting. With the adjustment of agricultural structure, the planting area of jujube trees has expanded rapidly. The planting area of Zizyphus jujuba in the county has reached 137,4 mu, with 32, mu of jujube trees in full bloom, and the output of Zizyphus jujuba has reached 8 million kilograms. Zizyphus jujuba produced in Dacheng County was identified as non-toxic and pollution-free green food by the National Green Food Testing Center in 1997, and was identified as a famous product by the first Agricultural Fair of Hebei Province.
the golden jujube in Dacheng county is mainly distributed in five towns, such as Litan Town, Liugezhuang Town, Quancun Town, Zangtun Township and Daguan 'an Township in the south. Dacheng Jinsixiaozao has a long history of cultivation, which began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties and flourished in the contemporary era. For many years, the county party committee and the county government have regarded Zizyphus jujuba as a pillar industry to strengthen the county and enrich the people. By 27, the county's Zizyphus jujuba area had reached 24, mu, with an annual output of 38, tons. The production area of pollution-free jujube certified by Hebei pollution-free management office is 1, mu. In order to further promote the construction of "the hometown of jujube", Dacheng County has hired provincial and municipal forestry experts to give lectures on science and technology for many times, which has accelerated the transformation rate of science and technology and information. Take effective forms such as "Conon of Samos Marriage" and on-site training, and organize technicians to go deep into villages and streets for guidance to solve various problems encountered in mass production. Led by Dacheng County Forestry Bureau, the majority of fruit farmers and some large fruit producers spontaneously organized and established Dacheng County Forestry and Fruit Industry Federation, which has more than 6 members, involving more than 4 villages and streets in 8 towns including Litan Town, Quancun Village and Liugezhuang Town, guiding farmers to take the road of high-quality fruit production. General situation of planting
Wudi County, Shandong Province has a long history of planting jujube trees, which began in Xia and Shang Dynasties and flourished in Tang Dynasty, and is known as "the jujube capital of China". The county has an area of 1.15 million mu of jujube, with 37.4 million jujube trees, including 23.6 million jujube trees and 13.8 million winter jujube trees, basically achieving the goal of "close planting garden of jujube farmers, jujube tree coverage on arable land suitable for jujube, close planting garden of 1 mu of jujube per capita and close planting garden of .3 mu of winter jujube". Jujube area and jujube fruit output rank first in the country's jujube-producing counties (cities), and it was named "Chinese jujube town" by the State Forestry Administration in August 21. It was awarded the gold medal at the National Jujube Fair in 22, and was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in 23 as the "National Standardization Demonstration Zone for Agricultural Products Exporting Golden Jujube and Winter Jujube". In 25, it passed the acceptance of AQSIQ. In 23, it was rated as "pollution-free agricultural products" in Shandong Province and "pollution-free agricultural products" by the Ministry of Agriculture in 24. Wudi Jinsixiaozao is well-known at home and abroad because of its special climatic conditions and geographical location and unique quality. In 25, Wudi Jinsixiaozao was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine as a "geographical indication protection product".
In August p>21, it was named "Jujube Township in China" by the State Forestry Administration. Wudi Jinsixiaozao is well-known at home and abroad because of its special climatic conditions, geographical location and unique quality, and was awarded the gold medal at the 22 National Jujube Fair.
Wudi County is located in the northernmost part of Shandong Province, on the southwest bank of Bohai Sea. The county belongs to the continental climate of the north temperate East Asian monsoon region. It has the characteristics of hot and rainy summer, long cold winter season, windy and dry spring and mild and cool autumn. The annual average temperature is about 12℃, which is suitable for the growth of Zizyphus jujuba.
commercial development
with the development of jujube production, Wudi county has established large-scale jujube product processing leading enterprises such as Shandong Wande Liquor Co., Ltd., Shandong Jinsi Food Co., Ltd., Wudi Jujube Products Co., Ltd. and Wudi Haoli Food Co., Ltd., and developed and produced white wine represented by jujube wood bar wine, fruit wine represented by "Chinese Jinsi Jujube Wine" and "Jinsi Jujube Juice". Among them, three products have won famous brands in Shandong, five have won awards at home and abroad, and four have filled the gaps in the country. The annual production capacity is 18, tons, and they are exported to more than 3 countries and regions such as Japan, South Korea, France, the United States, Hong Kong and Australia, with an annual output value of 27 million yuan and foreign exchange earning of 14.6 million US dollars. History
The cultivation of jujube in Laoling, Shandong Province, began in the Spring and Autumn Period, flourished in Wei and Jin Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 3, years. The earliest written records can be found in the Book of Songs, including the poem "Peeling dates in August". "The Warring States Policy" also contained the statement of Su Qin, a strategist, when lobbying the six countries that "there are benefits of jujube chestnuts around the north. Although the people are not cultivated by the fields, jujube chestnuts are enough for the people". During the Northern Wei Dynasty, in Qi Min Yao Shu written by Jia Sixie, the satrap of Levin, it was recorded that "Qingzhou has Leshi dates, which are rich in muscle and fine in nucleus, and rich in ointment, ranking first in the world." The Ming and Qing dynasties were the heyday of the development of Leling jujube. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the state began to formulate the policy of developing fruit trees. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne, he issued a placard: "..... develop dates and persimmons, which can be sold in good years and used as food in bad years, and be supervised by officials, and those who violate them will be punished". Due to the attention of emperors and officials in the past dynasties and the hard cultivation of working people, Leling jujube has been developed by leaps and bounds. By the Qing Dynasty, Leling had been known as a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Wu Tai Pang, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a beautiful sentence in "Looking at the Night in Leling City": "In June, the fresh lotus is connected with the water, and a thousand jujubes shoot clouds and red". In the early years of the Republic of China, jujube production continued to develop. In 1993, Chen Lu wrote a book "Jujube and Jujube Processing", which contained: "Leling, jujube trees cover an area of 39,554 mu, with 152,6 bearing trees and 356, tons of dried dates."
In p>1937, after the "July 7th Incident" broke out, the Japanese invaders trampled on Leling, and a large area of jujube forest was destroyed, and the output dropped sharply. By 1943, the output of dried jujube was only 5, tons, which was more than 3, tons less than that in 1933 before the "Incident". Jinsixiaozao is a well-known jujube tree variety in Leling. When the jujube is half-dry, you can clearly see the continuous filaments composed of sugar, pectin and other components, which stretch for one or two inches and shine brilliantly under the sunshine, hence the reputation of Jinsixiaozao. Zizyphus jujuba has many fruit shapes, among which oval, long oval and inverted egg are the best. It has the characteristics of rich nutrition, thin skin and thick muscle, fine gravy, bright red color, sweet and refreshing.
Production
After the founding of New China, the Party and the people's government paid special attention to the recovery and development of jujube production, and scientific and technological workers outside the State Council often visited Laoling for scientific research and guidance. In February 1965, Li Xiannian, Vice Premier of the State Council, visited Leling and gave important instructions on jujube production. In 199, Li Xiannian, then Chairman of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, wrote an inscription for Leling, which read "Adjust measures to local conditions, work hard and build a new socialist countryside". In 1995, the Leling Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government formulated the strategy of "implementing the jujube project, building a million acres of jujube forest and building the largest jujube commodity production base in China" to enrich the people. 2 million new jujube trees were developed, 5.8 million inferior jujube trees were improved, 1.28 million winter jujube trees were grafted, and 2 million seedless jujube trees were planted. The total number of jujube trees has grown to 25 million, of which 6 million jujube trees have been produced, with an annual output of 78, tons of dried jujube. All the million acres of jujube-suitable land in the city have been intercropped with jujube and grain, and Zhuji Town, one of the main producing areas, has become the largest "Hundred Jujube Garden Tourist Area" in the city. Millions of acres of jujube forest is the largest and only Millennium artificial fruit forest in China. The 3,-mu jujube forest tourist area has been developed, which is lush. During the decoration of more than 1 villages, the country roads are winding and rugged in the jujube forest, which has a unique taste. Leling golden jujube is "full of treasures", and jujube meat, jujube skin, jujube core and jujube juice all have high utilization value. Besides being used as food, it can also be widely used in the field of medicine. Only 2% of Leling jujube is used for deep processing and 8% is directly sold. The available resources are very rich. In terms of scientific research, processing and marketing, the potential value of jujube is far from being tapped, and there is still a lot of room for development. Leling relies on Zhuji, Chengguan, Shuangmiao Zhao and other old jujube areas to build a 3,-mu jujube garden tourist area. In the tourist area, 15 scenic spots such as "Ganlong Yuci Jujube King Tablet", "Zimu Tree" and "Hundred Jujube Garden" were built. Paved six ***56.8 km tourist routes; Completed the reconstruction of towns and villages along the tourist area, and effectively optimized the tourism environment.
During the summer and autumn, jujube trees are reflected in the sun, and celebrities of all ages have praised them. The ancients said that "fresh lotus flowers are even green in June, and thousands of small jujubes are red in the clouds", and that "the golden fruits of heaven and earth are beautiful, and celebrities in ancient and modern times are high in quality", and they are also known as "jujube sea", which appropriately depicts 1, mu of jujube.