First unit

1, China's national character (p4)

China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

2. At present, the population in China includes (p4)

Workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland.

Please note that China citizens who do not belong to the people of China are:

Criminals deprived of political rights

② Foreigners with China nationality.

(3) people who split the country.

(4) Hostile forces and hostile elements who are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.

People are the masters of the country and society. (p4)

(Performance of master status: equal enjoyment of state and social affairs)

4. What is civil rights? What are the basic rights of citizens? (p5)

Civil rights refer to certain rights and interests recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws.

Because the civil rights stipulated in the constitution are the most important and basic rights of citizens, they are called the basic rights of citizens.

5. What are the similarities and differences between people and citizens? Who are our citizens? (Page 6)

People is a political concept, which has different class contents in different countries and different historical periods of the same country.

Citizen is a legal concept, which refers to a person who has the nationality of a country and enjoys rights and obligations according to the constitution and laws of that country.

China citizen: You must have China nationality to be considered as a citizen of China. (Some super-born China people don't have China nationality and can't be considered as China citizens. )

6. How are the rights of China citizens guaranteed (p7)?

China has established a rights protection system with the Constitution as the core and legislative and judicial guarantees as the main contents to protect citizens' rights.

Legislative guarantee: it is to confirm the rights of citizens in the form of law and safeguard them with the coercive power of the state.

Judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.

7. What are the basic rights of China citizens? (p9)

The basic rights of citizens involve politics, economy, culture and other fields, covering family life, school life, social life and many other aspects. Specifically, it includes: ① the right to equality, ② the political rights and freedoms, ③ the freedom of religious belief, ④ the right to personal freedom, and ⑤ the right to criticize, suggest, appeal, accuse, report and get compensation for state organs and their staff; ⑥ Social and economic rights; (7) Educational, scientific and cultural rights and freedoms; (8) Women's rights, marriage, family, children and the elderly are protected by the state; The lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives are protected by law.

Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights. )

8. Should citizens exercise their rights correctly in this way? (p 10 - 1 1)

Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.

(2) When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective.

(3) Exercise rights within the scope permitted by law.

(4) exercising rights according to law.

9. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech (P 1 1 page)

First, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others.

Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity, corrupt social morality and disrupt social order.

10, citizens' obligations are divided into legal obligations and moral obligations. What is a legal obligation? What are the basic obligations of China citizens stipulated in the Constitution? (p 16)

The citizen's obligation stipulated in our constitution is a legal obligation and a basic obligation of our citizens. Statutory obligations refer to the obligations that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws. (The specific content is marked in the textbook, ***6)

1 1. What is moral obligation? What is the function of moral obligation? What are the basic moral standards that China citizens must abide by? (p 17)

It means that social members consciously and voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society in accordance with social ethics. Patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendship, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication.

12. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights? (Page 14- 15)

We can't get it without paying, and we can't just enjoy the rights without fulfilling the obligations. We must fulfill our legal obligations, because this is stipulated by the Constitution and laws. In our country, the rights and obligations of citizens are the same. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations.

13. What is the relationship between China law and socialist morality? (p 19.d 1)

China's law and socialist morality cooperate with each other, promote each other and complement each other. All acts prohibited by law are condemned by socialist morality; There are many legal obligations, which are also the requirements of socialist morality.

14, how to faithfully perform obligations?

We actively do what the law encourages us to do.

We must do it according to the requirements of the law.

We are determined not to do what is forbidden by law.

Second unit

1. What is the right of personality? (page 25)

Personality right is the right to be a man.

2. What does the personality right contain? What are their characteristics? (page 25)

(1) material personality right (right to life and health)

(2) the right of spiritual personality (freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy)

3. What is the primary personality right? (p25d.2)

Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position.

4. Characteristics of personality right (P24,25)

Personality right is the premise for people to connect themselves with society and have various contacts and exchanges with others.

(2) The right of personality is accompanied by life, and it has been with us since birth.

(3) It is enjoyed by everyone alone, and cannot be transferred, abandoned or inherited, nor can it be illegally restricted by others, nor can it be divorced from our personal life.

5. What does the right to personal freedom include? (page 26)

Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, the person and will of citizens are completely at their own disposal.

(2) citizens' bodies shall not be searched illegally.

(3) Citizens' bodies are not illegally restricted.

(4) Citizens' bodies shall not be illegally detained.

6. What are the special protections for minors in China's laws? (p26.d2)

A: ① Chinese laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, and prohibit infant drowning and abandonment.

(2) employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.

③ It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not reached the age of 18) to engage in underground, toxic and harmful labor.

7. What laws in China protect citizens' right to life and health? (page 27)

A: Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law.

8. What laws specifically protect minors?

Law on the Protection of Minors and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency

9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health? (page 28)

A: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise and improve our health level, so that we can have a strong body and a high spirit.

(2) Have the right to receive timely treatment when sick, restore health and enhance physical fitness.

(3) When one's life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, one has the right to defend oneself in accordance with the law and request legal protection.

10. What does the right to personal dignity include? (page 35)

Right to reputation, portrait, name, privacy, life and health, freedom, etc.

1 1, meaning and expression of reputation right (P38)

The right of reputation is the right that people enjoy according to law to evaluate their own objective society and exclude others' infringement.

Mainly manifested as: the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation.

12. What are the acts that infringe on the right of reputation? (Pages 38 and 39)

(1) Insult: refers to the act of degrading personality and damaging the reputation of others by language, writing or violence, which can be divided into oral insult, written insult and violent insult.

(2) Defamation: refers to the act of fabricating and spreading false facts out of nothing and maliciously slandering others, which can be divided into verbal slander and literal slander.

(3) The news report is untrue.

4 false accusation.

13. What is the right to portrait? (40 pages)

Portrait is the reappearance of human image centered on appearance.

14. What are the representations of portraits? (40 pages)

Painting (selfie), sculpture, paper cutting, photography, video recording, etc.

15. What is the status of portraits? (40 pages)

Portrait is also the basic symbol of everyone's personality.

16. What does the right to portrait include? (p4 1)

Portrait rights include: the right to make portraits, the right to use them and the right to get paid.

17. What are the violations of portrait rights? (p4 1.d2)

(1) Anyone who uses citizen portraits (advertisements, magazine covers, calendars) for profit must obtain the consent of the portrait owner, otherwise it will constitute infringement.

(2) maliciously destroying, defacing or uglifying the portrait of a citizen.

(3) Personal attacks with portraits, etc.

18. What is the right to name? (page 43)

The right to name refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their own names according to law, as well as the right to exclude others' infringement.

Adults aged 18 have the right to decide their own names; Have the right to decide and use their own names, pen names and stage names; Have the right to change the name according to regulations. However, the name right of minors and mental patients shall be exercised by their guardians.

19. What are the contents of a person's name? What is the status of names? (page 43)

(Contents) Names include official names, former names, pen names and stage names.

Name is the basic symbol of everyone's personality.

20. What are the manifestations of infringement of the right to name? (44 pages)

2 1, the meaning of privacy (P46)

Privacy refers to private secrets that citizens do not want to be known or made public, and has nothing to do with public interests. It includes three aspects: private information, personal affairs and private space (P46).

22. Importance (necessity) of privacy protection (pages 46 and 47)

(1). It is the need of people's independence and freedom. It is the need of people's own peace and security. It is the need of building a modern society that is people-oriented and advocates humanity and individuality.

23, the meaning of privacy (P48)

The right to privacy refers to the right that citizens enjoy in private life and privacy of private information according to law. China laws protect citizens' right to privacy.

24. Privacy Content (p48-50)

(1) Right to privacy (2) Right to privacy of personal information (3) Right to privacy of private communication.

25. How should we respect the privacy of others? (p5 1-52)

(1) Establish privacy awareness

Understand that everyone is an independent individual and everyone has their own privacy. Don't interfere in other people's private affairs, don't pry into or spread other people's secrets, and correct the bad habit of not respecting other people's privacy.

Strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility

(2) Need to strengthen the sense of responsibility and credibility, and keep secrets for relatives and friends.

A manifestation of invasion of privacy

26. What are the violations of privacy? (p53)

Spying into other people's private lives, spying into other people's secrets by reading diaries and opening letters privately, spreading other people's privacy through hearsay, and illegally using other people's personal information. , all belong to invasion of privacy.

27, the method of protecting their privacy (p55)

(1) Protect the right to privacy according to law.

When the right to privacy is infringed, we should bravely take up legal weapons, negotiate with the infringer and ask for judicial protection, asking the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize; If you have caused great mental pain, you have the right to ask for mental compensation.

(2) Enhance self-protection awareness and lock your privacy.

Ways of legal protection P55 The infringer stops the infringement, apologizes, eliminates the influence and demands mental compensation.

Third unit

(Download address: wyz2007.ys 168.com)

1, the significance and function of education (p58-60)

Education is a social activity that aims at promoting human development and social progress and cultivates people by imparting knowledge and experience.

Function of education: Education plays a vital role in a person's growth. ① Education is the preparation for everyone's life; ② It stimulates people's potential and constantly perfects and innovates themselves, thus opening up the road of human development and laying the foundation for the future; ③ Education can lay the foundation for people's happy life in the future; Education is the key to success or failure in one's life. In this sense, education acquires knowledge, and knowledge changes fate. For a nation and a country, education makes the future.

2. What is the right to education? (page 60)

The so-called right to education means that citizens have the opportunity to receive national cultural education and the right to receive material help from education.

3. What is compulsory education? What is the purpose and legal basis of compulsory education? (p6 1)

The so-called compulsory education is the national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is jointly guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families.

The purpose of compulsory education: for the future of the country and the nation, for the realization of citizens' right to education.

The legal basis of compulsory education: People's Republic of China (PRC) Compulsory Education Law.

4. What do you mean by "obligation" and "education" in compulsory education? (p6 1)

Obligation: refers to the obligations that the state, society, schools, families and school-age children and adolescents should follow and do according to the law.

Education: especially school education.

5. What are the characteristics of compulsory education? (p6 1)

Compulsory education has its distinctive characteristics: ① compulsory; ② universality; ③ Free of charge.

6. As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, how should he fulfill his obligation to receive education? (page 64)

There are three main points in fulfilling the obligation to receive education: ① earnestly fulfilling the obligation to enter school on time; ② Conscientiously fulfill the obligation of receiving compulsory education for a specified number of years and never drop out of school; (3) conscientiously fulfill the obligation of obeying the law, respect teachers, and strive to complete the prescribed learning tasks.

7. What is property? What kinds of property are there? What are the lawful properties of citizens? (Page 68-69)

Property is the material basis and guarantee for people's survival and development.

Property is divided into: individual ownership, collective ownership and state ownership.

Citizens' lawful property includes: citizens' lawful income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, means of production that citizens are allowed to own by law and other lawful property.

8. What is property ownership? (page 70)

Property ownership refers to the right of the owner to possess, use, benefit and dispose of his property according to law.

9. Why should the law protect citizens' property ownership? (p7 1)

This is of great significance to effectively protect the legal property owned by individual citizens and their ownership, ensure their normal life, ensure that they concentrate on production, work and study, and actively participate in socialist modernization.

10, by what means does China's state judicial organs protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property? (Page 72-73)

According to the civil law, the state judicial organs shall investigate the civil liability of people, and often protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property by ordering the infringer to restore the damaged property to its original state and compensating the victims for their economic losses.

According to the provisions of the criminal law, the state judicial organs shall investigate the criminal responsibility of criminals, and usually take criminal punishment measures such as fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty to protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property.

1 1. What channels can citizens ask the court to safeguard their legitimate property ownership? (page 74)

What is a legacy? What conditions must be met as heredity? (page 76)

According to the law, the personal legal property left by the deceased is called inheritance.

As an inheritance, it must meet three conditions: ① it must be the property left by citizens when they die; (2) It must be the property owned by individual citizens; (3) It must be legal property.

13, what are the decedent and heir? (Page 76-77)

The deceased: The deceased who left the property is legally called the deceased.

Heir: A person who legally inherits the estate of the deceased is called an heir.

What is the right of inheritance? (page 77)

The so-called inheritance right refers to the right of the heir to obtain the inheritance of the decedent according to law.

15. Who is the legal heir and what is the basis for determining the scope of the legal heir? (page 77)

Legal heirs include: the decedent's spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.

The scope of legal heirs is established according to blood relationship, marriage relationship and support relationship.

What is legal succession? What is the order of legal inheritance? What are the rules of legal inheritance after inheritance begins? (Page 77-78)

The so-called statutory inheritance refers to the way of inheritance in which the scope and order of heirs are directly stipulated by law and the principle of inheritance share distribution is directly stipulated by law.

Inheritance should be inherited in the order of inheritance, and the first order heirs include: spouse, children and parents; Heirs in the third order include: brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.

Rules of legal succession: ① After the succession begins, the first-order successor inherits and the second-order successor does not; ② If there is no successor in the first order to inherit or the successor in the first order gives up the right of inheritance, the successor in the second order will inherit.

What is the principle of distribution of inheritance share in legal succession?

(1) Generally speaking, it should be evenly distributed; Under special circumstances, the heirs can be unequal if they agree through consultation. (2) heirs who have special difficulties in life and lack the ability to work should be taken care of when distributing their inheritance; (3) The heirs who have made the main support obligations to the decedent or lived with the decedent can get more points in the distribution of the estate; (4) If the heir has the ability and conditions to support, but fails to fulfill the obligation to support, the inheritance shall not be divided or divided.

17 What is testamentary succession? What are the advantages of testamentary succession? (page 78)

Testamentary succession refers to the way that heirs inherit the decedent's estate according to the will.

Advantages of testamentary succession: the decedent can dispose of the property completely according to his own wishes.

What is a legacy? (page 79)

A person other than the legal heir obtains the inheritance specified in the will according to the wishes of the legatee. This way is called bequest.

19. What conditions must a valid will meet? (page 79)

The conditions for a valid will are as follows: ① The testator must have testamentary capacity; ② The will of the testator must be true; ③ The contents of the will must be legal; The form of will must be legal; ⑤ The testamentary successor must be one or more persons within the scope of legal heirs.

20. What is intellectual achievement? (p8 1)

The so-called intellectual achievements mainly refer to the labor achievements created by human mental labor, which are manifested as scientific and technological achievements, inventions and literary and artistic works.

2 1, what is the right to intellectual achievements? (page 82)

Intellectual property right, also known as intellectual property right, usually includes copyright, patent right and trademark right, as well as trade secrets in anti-unfair competition.

22. Why do consumers' rights and interests need protection (p86-87)? What is the significance of protecting consumers' rights and interests? (page 89)

The reason why consumer rights need to be protected: it is better to buy than to sell. In the relationship between operators and consumers, operators are in a favorable position, while consumers are in a passive disadvantage. Operators' deception and fraud to consumers have caused consumers to suffer more and more huge losses.

The significance of protecting consumers' rights and interests: ① it is conducive to promoting the development of production; (2) ensure the smooth progress of social reproduction; (3) maintaining normal social order; ④ Let people live a better life.

23. What laws specifically protect consumers' rights and interests in China? Which clearly stipulates what rights consumers enjoy? (9 items) (p9 1)

The law specifically protecting consumers' rights and interests: People's Republic of China (PRC) Consumer Protection Law.

The rights enjoyed by consumers: ① the right to safety; ② Right to know; 3 independent choice; (4) the right to fair trade; (5) claiming rights according to law; ⑥ Right of association; (7) the right to education; (8) the right to respect personal dignity and national customs; Pet-name ruby supervision.

24. As consumers, what obligations should we perform? (page 92)

Obligation to fulfill: maintain market order and be a literate, orderly and moral consumer.

25. How should consumers protect their rights to avoid being cheated? (p93 - 94)

To protect consumers' rights, it is necessary to cultivate a pair of "discerning eyes", that is, to enhance their ability to judge and choose, to compare and identify among numerous commodity information, and not to blindly follow other consumers, so as to fully exercise consumers' rights and choose appropriate and reasonable consumption behaviors. (2) Being observant requires us to actively learn and master the knowledge about consumption and consumer rights protection. With this knowledge, we can consciously use legal weapons to safeguard our rights and interests.

26. When consumers' rights and interests are infringed, what are the ways to protect their rights? (page 96)

The ways are as follows: ① negotiate with the operator to solve it; (2) Request the mediation of consumers' associations; (three) to appeal to the relevant administrative departments; According to the arbitration agreement reached with the operator, submit it to an arbitration institution for arbitration; ⑤ Bring a lawsuit to the people's court.

Fourth unit

1. What do you think is fair? (p 100 - 10 1)

Fairness means dealing with things reasonably, without favoring any party or person, that is, everyone who participates in social cooperation bears due responsibilities and obtains due benefits.

2. What is the role of fairness in social stability and development? (p 102)

People cannot live without society. A good society should enable people to cooperate stably and permanently, and only fairness can do this. ② The development of society is inseparable from the development of people. With fairness, society can provide equal rights and opportunities for human development, and the survival and development of every member of society can be guaranteed; With fairness, we can get what we deserve through honest labor, meet our reasonable expectations and fully mobilize our enthusiasm. In this way, everyone in the whole society can perform their duties, do their best and get their place, and promote the sustainable development of society.

What should we do in the face of unfair phenomena in real life? (p 104 - 105)

Fairness is always relative, and no matter how hard we try, it is impossible to achieve absolute fairness. Nevertheless, we still need to make unremitting efforts to create a fairer society. In the face of unfair phenomena, we should strengthen our awareness of rights, be good at finding solutions, seek help, and solve problems by legal means in order to seek maximum fairness. We might as well adjust our way of thinking and reflect on our values rationally. Maybe we will look at the "unfair" phenomenon in life more objectively.

4. What is a just act and what is an unjust act? (p 109)

All acts that promote the progress and development of human society and safeguard the public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of others are just acts.

Any behavior that hinders the progress and development of human society and harms the public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of others is unjust.

5. What is the function of the judicial system? (p 109 - 1 10)

Function: Fair treatment must be guaranteed by a fair system. The justice of the system lies in that its procedures and rules are not formulated for a few people, but for the interests of all members of society. Everyone can benefit from the normal operation of institutional rules and be bound by the rules of the judicial system. Without the support of the rules of the justice system, social fairness is difficult to achieve.

6. What is the relationship between justice and fairness? (p 1 1 1)

7. How should we consciously safeguard justice? (p 1 12- 1 13)

8. What are the specific contents of a sense of justice? (p 1 13)

A person with a sense of justice will show appreciation and reverence for just behavior, be full of yearning and pursuit for justice, and be willing to put his reverence for justice into practice. In the face of unfair behavior, people will feel uneasy, dissatisfied and angry, and even take action to safeguard justice.

9. Why do you want to be a person with a sense of justice? (p 1 14)

We all want to live in a society full of justice, and the prevalence of injustice will completely destroy our society. Only when there are more and more positive and upright people will our society be more stable and harmonious.

10, how to be a person with a sense of justice? (p 1 15)

To be a person with a sense of justice requires us to distinguish between just and unjust behaviors ideologically, and more importantly, to achieve it in order to enhance the moral realm; To practice, to do justice. (2) We should do: If injustice happens to us, we can take appropriate measures to fight it; If you see injustice happening to others, you can be brave and give timely solidarity and help to the victims; As a minor, we should not only have the spirit of being courageous, but also have the ability to be courageous, and try our best to safeguard justice without hurting ourselves.

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