Here are some wine lids, but no candles for you.

Let's take a look at the differences in wine labels around the world. Review the past and learn the new, starting from France! ~

French article

(1) the beauty chapter on the wine cap

Many imported French wines will have a beautiful woman's head on their wine caps. This woman is one of the famous symbols of France: Marianne. The Marianne seal on the wine cap is a duty-paid sign, and the exported wine is generally not stamped, because there is no need to pay VAT.

Sometimes, in order to meet the excessive export demand, the winery will export some French quotas, so whether there is this logo has nothing to do with authenticity.

Marianne prototype

In addition to this well-known Marianne, there are many important information on the wine cap, such as different colors representing different kinds of wine:

In addition to the above, fruit wine is gray, and other alcoholic drinks are white. In addition, the letter in the middle of a circle of numbers on the wine cap reveals the information of the bottler:

R(récoltante/ winery owner): It is equivalent to bottling in a winery, and the whole process from harvesting to bottling is completed in your own winery.

E(Eleveur/ winemaker): A winemaker does not own a manor, but mainly brews and bottles his own grapes by buying others'.

N(Négociant/ wine merchant): refers to the wine merchant who buys the original wine from the winery and bottles it himself.

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(As shown in the figure, e stands for a brewer who has no manor and buys other people's grapes to make wine and bottle them himself. )

② To buy an intermediate villa, please look for the CB QR code.

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The English full name of Intermediate Village is the abbreviation of Cru Bourgeois-CB. Later, it was renamed gentry Winery, but because the new name has not been popular, it is still called intermediate winery in most cases.

3 craftsman spirit.

(French Federation of Independent Brewers (VIF))

Vignerons indépendants de France (VIF for short) stands for independent winemakers, who manually change the classics to make every bottle a good wine.

VIF is the most famous wine professional authority in France and enjoys a high status in the wine industry at home and abroad.

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According to the regulations of the association, members must be small-scale independent producers, and each winemaker can only deal in grape products within his own land. From planting, harvesting, brewing to bottling, it must be done independently through this manor, and manual operation is used instead of mechanical operation.

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Italy

1. Classic Chianti wine hero chicken

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Black cock is the characteristic sign of Italian classic Chianti wine, which represents better wine quality to some extent.

German article

Yingguo wine

Many high-quality German wines will be labeled with a sign: an eagle is holding a bunch of grapes that say VDP.

Is VDP German? Dikatsveingüter stands for the famous German winery alliance, which is the oldest national winery alliance in the world.

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VDP has a very strict membership access system:

Wineries can't take the initiative to apply for membership. Only when it gets rave reviews in domestic and foreign markets and is recommended by enough VDP members * * *, can the winery receive an invitation to join the club.

All wineries have to undergo a strict and thorough inspection every five years. If they violate the rules of the league, they may lose this honor.

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In addition, VDP updated the classification system within the alliance on 20 12, and referred to the classification of Burgundy and the concept of terroir, and classified the vineyards into the following four grades:

( 1) vdp。 Gutswein (similar to Burgundy):

This grade of wine can come from the vineyards owned by any winery in the producing area, producing fresh and easy-to-drink, fruity wine suitable for daily drinking.

② VDP。 Ortswein (similar to Burgundy village level):

Usually from the best vineyards in the village, the village-level wines produced in Moze and rheinhessen without first-class gardens are of better quality.

③ VDP。 Erste Lage (a first-class garden similar to Burgundy):

This grade requires a good expression of the local characteristics of the vineyard, and the yield limit is stricter than that of village-level and district-level wines, which need to be tasted and tested. There are no first-class gardens in Mo Ze, rheinhessen, Aar and Central Rhine, only super-class gardens.

④ VDP。 Grosse Lage (a big garden like Burgundy):

The requirements of this grade are very strict, and the most traditional and representative grape varieties in the plot must be used for brewing. For example, Wehlener Sonnenuhr Garden in Moser production area only produces Riesling, and some special gardens allow the use of a variety of grapes.

The dry wine (residual sugar is less than 9g/l) produced in the special garden is called VDP. Gross ·GEW? CHS, abbreviated as GG. This sign is usually engraved on the bottle, but it may also be written on the label.

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Must this eagle be good wine? The answer is not necessarily. Members who can enter VDP are not idle people. Almost every family has a vineyard with outstanding local conditions, and insists on using traditional grape varieties. Every operation link from vineyard to winery strives for perfection, and really produces a lot of good wines, which greatly promotes the international reputation of German fine wines.

However, most wineries also choose to quit because they can't stand the constraints of VDP.

For example, VDP veteran Koehler ruprecht quit on 20 14. Although many wineries are no longer members of VDP, wines still maintain a fairly high standard.

Spanish

Color classification of rioja River and Duero River

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① origin guarantee (green label): guarantee the origin and brewing year. This kind of wine is mostly from the first year and the second year, keeping its original freshness and fruity aroma.

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② good wine Crianza (red label): at least two years old. Store in oak barrels for at least one year. The barrel storage period of liquor is at least six months.

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(3) Treasure preservation (brick red): select vintage wines with great potential. Aging in barrels and bottles for at least three years, including aging in barrels for at least one year. The storage period of liquor is at least two years, of which at least six months are stored in barrels.

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④ Gran Reservation (blue): Specially select wines produced in excellent years. After at least two years of barrel cellar storage and three years of bottle cellar storage. The storage period of white wine is at least four years, of which at least six months are in barrels.

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Like rioja producing areas, the red wines in Duluo River producing areas are classified according to the aging time. The longer the aging time in oak barrels, the higher the grade and quality of wine, but the requirements for aging time are slightly different from those in rioja:

(1) Joven:

Wines that have not been aged or aged for less than 12 months are classified as new wine grades. This wine is generally rich in ruby red and purplish red tones and has a lively style.

(2) aging (Crianza):

Aged in oak barrels for at least 12 months, aged in bottles for 12 months, and the wine money is generally sold after 10+0 in the following year.

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(3) Collection (reservation):

After at least 3 years of aging, 1 year needs to be carried out in oak barrels, and the wine money is generally sold after 65438+February 1 in the third year after harvest.

(4) Allow the reservation:

This grade of wine needs to be aged for 5 years, including oak barrels for at least 24 months. Wine money is generally sold after 65438+February 1 in the fifth year after harvest.