The development process of doors and windows

Doors and windows, also known as doors and windows in ancient times, are very active in Chinese architectural culture and are important architectural components with unique cultural connotations and aesthetic charm. The origin of traditional window decoration art in my country

Architectural doors and windows have a long history in our country, which can be traced back to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties more than 3,000 years ago. As an integral part of the splendid architectural civilization in ancient my country, architectural doors and windows can be called a shining pearl in the treasure house of Chinese culture. The earliest known human dwellings in my country are natural caves. "In ancient times, caves lived in wild places." Countless strange and deep caves provided the most primitive home for human beings. The grass cover at the entrance of the cave was probably the earliest door.

After entering the slave society, the earliest large-scale wooden frame rammed earth buildings and courtyards appeared in our country, and thus specifically defined doors and windows appeared. The main form of the door is the Banmen, and the record of the Banmen can be seen in the Shang Dynasty bronzeware Fang Yu.

It is used for city gates or gates of palaces, government offices, temples, and residences, usually with two doors. In the records of the Han Dynasty, the emperor's dignity was emphasized, and the nine magnificent gates were enough to show his power. This form of gate has continued, and can be seen in the Xuzhou Portrait Stone of the Han Dynasty and the Ningmao Stone Chamber of the Northern Wei Dynasty. There are more materials after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Generally used as exterior doors and internal partitions of buildings, each room can use a fan, and the ratio of the width and height of each fan is between

1:3

to

1: 4

About.

The Song Dynasty's "Building Code" stipulates that the ratio of width to height of each door is

1:2

, and the minimum must not be less than

2:5

. There are two types of doors. One is the chessboard door. The frame is composed of sills and upper and lower plasters. There are several strips of straps built into the frame, and then a board is nailed on one side of the frame.

Flat sides without moldings,

Add door nails and bedding for advanced ones.

The other is a mirror door.

The door leaf does not use a door frame.

It is completely made of thick

wooden boards and a crossbar is used on the back. connect. In the Song and Jin Dynasties,

4

was generally used to wipe the head, while in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,

5

,

6

It is common to wipe the head. In the Tang Dynasty

Mullions or squares were commonly used in flower centers. In the Song Dynasty, wicker frames, carpet patterns, etc. were added. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more patterns. Paper or tulle can be pasted between the frames, or smoothed shells can be embedded.

The Han and Tang Dynasties were the development period of window decoration art.

New types such as horizontal draped windows and mullioned windows appeared,

net patterns,

p>

Window decorations such as trivial patterns and ball patterns

Window decorations with lattice patterns; the Song, Liao and Jin dynasties were the mature stages of the development of window decoration art, and sill-hook windows and floor-length long hoods appeared and partitions

sash windows and other types;

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the development period of my country's traditional window decoration art.

There appeared the branch window,

Many types of window decorations such as Code Three Arrows leaking windows

Various types of window decorations,

With the development of ancient Chinese crafts and technology,

The content and form of window decorations are also constantly adding

new content.

The development of modern doors and windows 1. Early wooden window stage

(1) The combination of wooden frames and paper in the early stage of wooden windows (2) The combination of wooden frames and glass in the later stage of wooden windows 2 . The era represented by steel windows

In 1911, steel doors and windows were introduced to China. Although steel doors and windows had good performance, there were very few domestic high-quality cold-rolled sheet manufacturers, which caused the price of colored steel plates to rise and the price of finished windows to rise. Remaining high, losing the ability to compete with aluminum alloy doors and windows. 3. An era dominated by aluminum alloys

Aluminum alloy doors and windows were introduced to our country in the 1970s and quickly became popular.

Aluminum alloy doors and windows have good flame retardancy, luxurious appearance but poor integrity, are easily deformed and corroded, and have poor thermal insulation, poor heat insulation and weak sound insulation effect.

4. The era represented by ordinary plastic steel doors and windows:

In the 1980s, plastic doors and windows entered China, and in the 1990s there was a peak in the application of plastic doors and windows, which has continued until now . Ordinary plastic steel doors and windows are more energy-efficient than aluminum alloy windows, and have better sound insulation, heat preservation, and corrosion resistance.

The current outstanding problems are that there are few and single window styles, the level of hardware is not high, the varieties are incomplete, and the waste recycling technology has not been well solved.

5. An era of individuality based on broken-bridge aluminum doors and windows, pure wood, and aluminum-clad wood, with various characteristic doors and windows running side by side

Focusing on energy saving, heat loss is reduced by half compared to ordinary doors and windows, but Blind selection of profiles and specifications, failure to install according to requirements, poor sealing performance, and inconvenient opening and closing will not only leak air and rain and cause glass to burst, but also may easily cause the sliding part or glass to be scraped off or knocked down when encountering strong winds and external forces, causing damage. Things hurt people. 6. Yiboson Doors and Windows

Super doors and windows that meet the highest national level 10 energy saving standards, the highest national level 6 sound insulation standards, and realize natural ventilation and zero dust. It is made of pure aluminum ingot cast profiles, imported oak, EPDM sealing strips, German Noto/Haobao hardware, etc., and has been collected by the National Construction Engineering Quality Supervision and Inspection Center as an energy-saving model window.