The mystery of aurora formation is read with answers

The mystery of aurora formation

① One night in 195, reddish and greenish light arcs appeared above the Arctic night sky, sometimes like ribbons dancing in the air, sometimes like flames burning in the air, and sometimes like giant umbrellas selected on the horizon? It floated lightly, constantly changing its shape and lasted for several hours. She is colorful, sometimes red, sometimes blue, sometimes green, sometimes purple, unpredictable. This is the beautiful aurora.

② Aurora is a special optical phenomenon that charged particles are blown to the earth's poles by the solar wind and captured by geomagnetism.

③ Aurora has appeared in many places, but? The source of aurora? Where the hell is it? How is the aurora formed? Why does the aurora appear in the north and south poles?

④ Scientists believe that solar activity is the source of aurora. The frequency of aurora is closely related to solar activity, and aurora is like electricity from the sun. The sun is a star, constantly emitting light and heat. The nuclear reaction of various chemical elements takes place on its surface and inside, resulting in a powerful charged particle stream containing a large number of charged particles. When these charged particles shoot into space and collide with the molecules of thin gas in the sky 8 ~ 12 kilometers away from the earth, they emit light because of their high speed. Solar activity is periodic, with a period of about 11 years. At the peak of solar activity, sunspots appear the most, and some people find that when one? Big sunspot? After passing through the meridian of the sun center for 2 ~ 4 hours, the aurora will definitely appear on the earth.

(5) Then why do the aurora phenomena appear in the north and south poles? It turns out that the earth itself is a big magnet with approximately two geomagnetic poles. When the particle stream sent by the sun approaches the earth, it flies to the two magnetic poles in a spiral motion. In fact, the magnetic poles can't completely control all the charged particle flows. In the year when the charged particle flows emitted by the sun are very strong, aurora can also be observed in some places outside the polar regions. Because the air composition is very mixed, different gas components, such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium and neon, will emit different light under the action of charged particle flow, so the aurora looks colorful. Some people think that the earth's magnetosphere surrounds the earth, just like the earth's? Protection net? To avoid being attacked by solar wind radiation particles. But over the north and south poles, this one? Net? It's not strong. Is there a bigger one? Gap? , pass? Gap? Part of the solar wind will invade the earth's magnetosphere. Because there are over the north and south poles? Gap? Therefore, the aurora phenomenon mostly occurs over the polar regions.

⑥ However, although the above viewpoints explain the aurora phenomenon in polar regions well, they cannot explain the aurora phenomenon near the ground. Some people think that these auroras are caused by electrostatic discharge near the ground. According to historical records, auroras have appeared 1.2 ~ 3. meters above the ground. Sometimes people can smell ozone in places where near-earth aurora appears.

⑦ Because many aurora phenomena are similar to the bright tail of comets, some people associate aurora phenomena with comets, which is beneficial to understanding aurora. Although the mystery of the aurora has not been completely revealed, human beings have a more scientific understanding of it, and perhaps scientists will soon be able to tell us the real mystery of the aurora.

19. What is the function of paragraph (1) in the selected text? (3 marks)

2. What explanation method was used in paragraph (2) of the selected text? What's the role? (3 points)

21. Please analyze the reasons why the order in paragraph (4) (5) of the selected text cannot be changed. (3 marks)

22. Add some words in paragraph [6] of the selected text? According to historical records? How to embody the language characteristics of expository writing. (3 points)

23. Choose the following item (

)(3 points) < P > A. Aurora looks colorful because the air contains different gas components such as oxygen, nitrogen, helium and neon, which emit different lights under the action of charged particles.

B. Aurora phenomenon mostly appears in the north and south poles, but in the year when the charged particle flow emitted by the sun is very strong, aurora can also be observed in some places outside the polar regions.

C. Solar activity is periodic, with a period of 11 years. At the peak of solar activity, sunspots appear the most.

D. The mystery of aurora formation has not been completely solved, which enlightens us that the road of scientific exploration is endless.

19. Described the magical and gorgeous aurora phenomenon in the North Pole of the Earth, 1 point, which leads to the explanation object? Aurora? , 1 point, language life, stimulate readers' interest in reading. One point counts as three points.

2. Define, 1 point, scientifically and accurately reveal the essential characteristics of aurora. 2 points, 3 points.

21. Paragraph (4) writes that solar activity is the source of aurora and the reason for its formation; 1 point, paragraph (5) writes that aurora mostly appears at the north and south poles; 1 point, the content of paragraph (4) [5] is taken care of with the content of paragraph (3) one by one, and the structure is rigorous, so it cannot be exchanged. One point counts as three points.

　22.? According to historical records? It shows that the following content has scientific basis and plays a limiting role. 1 point indicates that the phenomenon of aurora has scientific basis and is not subjective. 1 point? According to historical records? It embodies the characteristics of accuracy and strictness of explanatory language. One point counts as three points.

23.c. 3 points.

the pearl of silk road? Kashgar Liu Xiaofang read with the answer

Pearl of Silk Road? Kashgar Liu Xiaofang

① In most people's impression, Kashgar, which is far away from the ocean and located in the hinterland of Eurasia, is a typical area of inland drought and extreme drought. Lonely walkers in the heat wave, winding roads in the vast Gobi and camel bells ringing in the vast desert are indeed common sights to Kashgar; But in fact, full of green's forests, sparkling lakes, reedy wetlands inhabited by waterfowl and rushing rivers are also the features of Kashgar.

② The closer to a densely populated town, the larger the area and the higher the concentration of green. Kashgar River comes from Pamirs and crosses Kashgar from southwest to east, with an average river width of 4 meters, which nourishes and nurtures many oases such as Wuqia, Shule and Jiashi. The Yarkant River comes from the pass of Karakorum Mountain in the northeast, flows through Kashgar in the west and forms many branches, watering the largest Yeerqiang oasis group in Xinjiang. In addition, there are more than ten rivers, such as Tizinafu River, Kizil River, Gezi River, Kushan River, Tuman River, etc., flowing vertically and horizontally in Kashgar, and the annual runoff of rivers in the region is equivalent to one-sixth of that of the Yellow River. Kashgar, once the most important international commercial port on the Silk Road, is surrounded by all kinds of water, which can continue the Millennium civilization and legend, and will be in? Belt and Road? In the national strategy, it has turned around and become a bridgehead for connecting Central Asia and communicating with the world.

③ Where there is water, there is life, and rivers formed by melting glaciers meander through the dry land of Kashgar. The wise ancestors used soil washing to remove the saline-alkali land in Gobi. They used simple agricultural tools such as soil chopping trowels and laundry baskets to dig hundreds of kilometers of irrigation and drainage systems on the saline-alkali land, and reclaimed the saline-alkali land into tens of thousands of acres of cultivated land in several years to form a contiguous oasis.

(4) More than 1 years ago, Stein, an Englishman who came to Kashgar, was amazed at the vast oasis irrigated by Kashgar people using river water. Because of the dry climate, the morphology of all these desert fields presents a remarkable uniformity. No matter in any zone, pedestrians can see the same wheat, corn and cotton fields everywhere, which are slightly Taiwan-shaped for irrigation. The same winding path, with poplars and weeping willows planted on both sides, produces the same rich fruits as those in Europe, which is enough to attract pedestrians. ? Now, the corn fields that are not crowded, the cotton fields that are waist deep, and the watermelon fields that can't see the edge are wider under the nourishment of the melting water of mountains and snow. However, we should know that compared with inland rivers, rivers in Kashgar have the characteristics of different inflow in dry season and flood season, and the runoff in flood season accounts for 6% ~ 8% of the annual runoff from June to September every year. At this time, the water level fluctuates sharply, the day and night changes obviously, the water potential is fierce and difficult to control, and floods that break dams and destroy farmland often occur. It sounds strange to be thirsty and short of water, but it is a true portrayal of Kashgar people living with water for thousands of years.

⑤ In this regard, Stein thinks that? In that particularly dry area, because of the climatic conditions, only large groups are allowed to survive by an extremely well-organized irrigation system. This settled people who rely on order rule are particularly suitable for absorbing and conveying cultural forces from the Far East and the West? . It turns out that in this arid corner of the earth, the use of water is not only a smart scene of the city, but also a matter of survival and the survival of civilization.

(1) Kashgar became? Silk Road Pearl? What is the reason?

(2) The punctuated words in paragraph (2) are vehicles. What is his noumenon? What is the role of such rhetoric in the play?

(3) The main explanation method used in paragraph (4) is comparison. Combine the relevant contents of this paragraph and talk about its function.

(4) Put the following statement back in the article, the most appropriate position is C

When you are in the hot sun and marching in the oasis outside Kashgar, you can meet sweet melons and fruits at any time: watermelons are delicious, cantaloupes are thin and fleshy, peaches are plump and juicy, and such sweet melons and fruits are bred in a dry environment, which makes people lament the magic of the creator and feel grateful for the wisdom and spirituality endowed by this high mountain and flowing water < p

Answer:

(1) Surrounded by water, the local people use water wisely.

(2) The ontology is Kashgar, which vividly illustrates the importance of Kashgar's geographical location.

(3) By comparison, more than 1 years ago, compared with the current oasis, it shows that the oasis is full of vitality and its area has expanded, and the utilization of water by Kashgar people is not only a smart scene of the city. It is more related to the survival of civilization. (Or, compared with the rivers in Kashgar, the rivers in the mainland have different inflow characteristics in dry season and flood season, which shows that the rivers in Kashgar have different dry season and flood season, and the water potential is fierce in flood season.) < P > (4) C.