since the county was established in the Han dynasty, Dunhuang has become a port of communication between the Central Plains and other countries. At the peak of the Han Dynasty, the population of Dunhuang reached 4,, while the national population was only 4 million. At that time, it was known as Chang 'an, Quanzhou and Dunhuang, which shows the prosperity of Dunhuang in the Han Dynasty. Throughout the Han and Wei dynasties, there were many wars, but Dunhuang's economy and commerce became increasingly prosperous, the Central Plains culture was widely spread, and Buddhism became increasingly prosperous. Dunhuang once became the center of Wuliang culture. In the second year of Wude in Tang Dynasty (619), Dunhuang entered a period of historical prosperity. Dunhuang was once occupied and ruled by Xiongnu, Wusun, Qiang, Tangut, Turkic, Huihu and other nationalities in history. Dunhuang has long been a settlement of various ethnic groups in the western regions, with Chinese culture as the main body and various cultures blending and evolving with each other. Therefore, Dunhuang culture and folk customs have a unique style, which can be seen in the Mogao grottoes. It can be said that the event that completely changed the history of Dunhuang was the flood during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty. The flood made the ancient Dunhuang city with a history of thousands of years disappear, and the unique folk customs and culture of Dunhuang also went with the waves, which led to the biggest historical fault of Dunhuang folk culture and formed many unsolved cases of Dunhuang studies. In 1528, the Ming government closed Jiayuguan. Since then, Guazhou and Dunhuang (Shazhou) have not been established for 2 years, and Dunhuang is declining day by day. By the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723), Shazhou Institute was established and was promoted to Shazhou Wei. At that time, the population of Dunhuang was already pitiful. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), more than 2,4 households from 56 prefectures and counties in Gansu moved to Dunhuang for reclamation, which gradually formed the modern Dunhuang City. Until now, many villages named after Gansu place names can be seen in Dunhuang, such as Lanzhou Village, Suzhou Township, Huining, Qingshui, Heshui, Lanting, Gaotai and Zhangxian.

At present, Dunhuang has a total population of 18, and cultivated land of 24, mu. In 2, the fiscal revenue was 72.68 million yuan, and the fiscal expenditure in that year was 94.2 million yuan. From the above figures, the economic situation of Dunhuang city is extremely disproportionate to its city brand. Agriculture and tourism are two pillar industries in Dunhuang, but these two industries can't form Dunhuang's economic strength in a short time. Agriculture is a traditional industry in Dunhuang, and special products such as Golden Queen (Melon), Li Guangxing and Mingshan Jujube are well-known both inside and outside the province. However, only 24, mu of cultivated land (even if all of them are high-yield fields) is difficult to form agricultural industrial advantages and scale benefits. In addition, the scarce water resources restrict the agricultural development in Dunhuang. Dunhuang tourism plays an important role in the development of tourism economy in Gansu province, but inconvenient transportation restricts the development of tourism. Tourism economy has not yet become a pillar industry in Dunhuang. The completion of the expansion of the main project of Dunhuang Airport in 21 will play a very positive role in Dunhuang tourism. Dunhuang City decided to build a new urban area in Xisuzhou Township, and develop westward into a whole with seven town (the living base of Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau), with a long-term plan of 3, people, so as to promote the urbanization of Dunhuang City, but can such urban expansion and ecological environment withstand it? Anyone who has been to Dunhuang knows what the ecological environment is like. The carrying capacity of the ecological environment is very limited and the city is expanding. Population increase; Excessive water extraction will accelerate desertification. Due to the increase of population in Dunhuang in recent years, and the increase of domestic and production water in Subei and Aksai counties in the upper reaches of Danghe River, Danghe River has been unable to meet the needs of the three counties and cities. Only when the yellow sand under Danghe Bridge in Dunhuang jumped down the river like a yellow dragon with the wind did people realize that the river had not flowed for many years. The groundwater level in Dunhuang City has been decreasing year by year, and the crescent spring, a wonder of the desert, has already dried up. A few years ago, it was suggested that the Haji Party be used to rebuild the beautiful Dunhuang, but the project was opposed by the upstream Qinghai Province, because the ecological environment in Qinghai was more fragile than that in Gansu, and the project was finally rejected. It has also been suggested that Dunhuang should be established as a prefecture-level city to develop Dunhuang. We should think about a county-level city with an annual GDP of 1 billion yuan and a fiscal revenue of less than 1 million yuan, and then bear the expenses of the first-level government, and there is no financial subsidy. In 1997, the Dunhuang Tourism Special Economic Zone was approved by the Gansu provincial government and has enjoyed special policies for many years. Facts show that local economic development can not be solved simply by raising the administrative level. The construction of Liudun Railway has been demonstrated for many years, and some foreign and private capitals want to participate in the construction, but they all keep silent after field investigation and demonstration. Why, because we can't see the benefits after the completion of this railway, even if it is built, who will pay for the huge railway operation and maintenance? After such a project is completed, it will not only fail to promote the development of local economy, but will drag down the local economy. I have read a lot of articles about how to develop Dunhuang. There are indeed many good suggestions and ideas on the development of Dunhuang from a macro perspective. But from a realistic perspective, we can't simply reinforce the city scale by city brands. I think we should have a more rational and profound understanding. Cities need development, and people want to be rich, which is the most basic development desire. But all this must be based on the permission of the living environment. The primary problem of Dunhuang development is the construction and protection of the ecological environment. Without this fundamental guarantee, the world cultural heritage will be destroyed.

the development of Dunhuang is not a one-off event, let alone quick success, because the development of Dunhuang is very important to the development of tourism economy in the whole province. Dunhuang has its own congenital defects, so we should first treat it objectively and realistically. This is more conducive to the development of Dunhuang. When Dunhuang develops, Gansu's tourism economy will have stamina and motivation.

a few suggestions:

1. Do not seek the scale of the city but seek the classic features

In the eyes of most people, the scale always comes first. However, the ecological environment in the northwest does not allow too many large-scale cities to develop, and Dunhuang is extremely short of water resources, so it is not suitable to expand the city scale. The concept of urban construction in Dunhuang must be changed. Urban construction should first get rid of the idea of "looking at the big picture". We should learn from the construction achievements of some famous cultural cities in Europe, strengthen the overall planning and layout, highlight cultural characteristics, and give priority to greening and environmental protection. Make good use of limited funds, increase investment in urban reconstruction, and rationally arrange professional commercial communities. For example, some commercial retail enterprises will be transformed to build a tourism culture trading market. Reasonable division of labor and layout of main streets, encourage private enterprises to establish some high-consumption cultural enterprises such as tea ceremony, calligraphy and painting, so as to attract tourists from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Maintain the existing urban scale, give full play to the role of private capital in urban construction, transform and decorate the appearance of old buildings, and highlight the cultural connotation of Dunhuang. Form its own unique urban landscape, small and refined, small and unique, small and classic. Strive to build the first cultural classic city in the west.

2. Promoting the development of cultural industries, forming industrial chains and realizing the reconstruction of Dunhuang

The data of global economic development show that the more developed the economy, the more prosperous the domestic cultural industries are. British cultural industry accounts for 5% of the gross national product in the country and has become a pillar industry in Britain. American cultural industry, represented by modern culture, has surpassed the output value of machinery manufacturing industry, and Japanese cultural industry also accounted for half of the gross national product in 2. It can be seen that the prosperity of economy is the foundation of the rise of cultural industry, which is an industry with less investment and high profit, and has strong dependence on the region, convenient and fast external diffusion, and can quickly form industrial advantages. In 21, Hunan province put forward the strategy of strengthening the province by culture, and promoted the development of cultural industry in Hunan province with the strong point of radio and television as the leading factor. Gansu is the birthplace of Chinese culture and has a very profound cultural heritage. Dunhuang culture is the essence of the blending of national cultures, and thousands of years of deposition have made it more attractive. Dunhuang Research Institute has been engaged in Dunhuang culture research for many years and achieved fruitful results, but many research results are only in books, and no one has developed and utilized these results from a commercial perspective. Dunhuang tourism economy has been working hard to welcome and collect tickets over the years. How can such development meet the needs of local economy to achieve leapfrog development? The year when the most tourists come to Dunhuang is only one million. Japanese tourists come to Dunhuang for a trip, and the toll accounts for 6% of the total cost. Because Dunhuang is a long way and inconvenient to get in and out, many people want to come but can't. How to make people who don't come to Dunhuang consume Dunhuang, it is necessary to use the brand of Dunhuang to develop cultural industries and spread Dunhuang cultural products to the outside world, so as to truly make the brand of Dunhuang a hot spot of consumption in the domestic cultural market and turn the brand of Dunhuang into productive forces. In the development of cultural industry, we should establish the strategic thinking of going abroad and actively create a good external environment. Dunhuang Art Troupe should become the messenger of spreading Dunhuang culture to the outside world, so that more people can truly understand Dunhuang culture. It is suggested that cultural enterprises should be established based on the management department of Dunhuang Research Institute, and the cultural research results should be transformed into cultural commodities in time. Give play to the policy-oriented role of government departments and actively encourage the development of a number of cultural enterprises. There are objective factors for Dunhuang to develop cultural industry. As long as we can fully understand and tap this cultural advantage subjectively and develop cultural industry to form a chain industry of tourism economy, the interactive development of culture and tourism is the way to rebuild Dunhuang.

Third, emancipate the mind, renew the concept and establish the concept of operating Dunhuang

The brand Dunhuang is far from being well developed and utilized. Many products named after Dunhuang and Feitian in the market are not produced in Dunhuang. It is a fact that we should further emancipate our minds, renew our ideas and broaden our thinking in developing Dunhuang's economy. However, the advantage of Dunhuang is that it has a "Big Mac" brand. If we talk about intangible assets, this brand of Dunhuang is priceless. The development of modern economy is changing the traditional economic concept. If the real economy fails, it can participate in the virtual economy. I have been to many places, and everyone knows about Dunhuang, but I rarely see the words Dunhuang. I came across a cafe named "Mogao Grottoes" in Zhengzhou. I don't know if the boss is from Dunhuang. Seeing his facade decoration makes people laugh and cry, but looking back, people in Henan all know how to make money by using this brand of Dunhuang, but why didn't Dunhuang fully tap and make use of this brand to make money? I've been thinking about this for a long time. Beijing and Xi 'an are the must-see places to visit China's cultural relics. Because of the remoteness of Dunhuang and inconvenient transportation, most tourists stop in Xi 'an. Although Dunhuang is small, the brand is big. How to turn the brand advantage into economic advantage requires establishing the concept of managing Dunhuang and using commercial means to manage this brand. Xi 'an is the political and cultural center of Han and Tang Dynasties, and it is inextricably linked with Dunhuang. To operate Dunhuang, we must first establish close relations with Xi 'an, Beijing and other places, so that visitors can see the words and introductions of Dunhuang at any time when they feel the profoundness of Chinese culture in the above two places. On the one hand, it narrows the distance between tourists and Dunhuang, on the other hand, it can let tourists know that Dunhuang is a traditional culture of China, but it has a more unique cultural connotation. In addition, Dunhuang city should take legal measures to recover the right to use trademarks related to Dunhuang, and participate in the commercial activities of manufacturers through authorization, joint venture and OEM to increase other income for Dunhuang.

Fourth, close enterprise relationship and seek common development

In order to solve the inconvenience of long-term plateau life and work for more than 4, employees of this enterprise, Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau began to bid farewell to Haixi area in Qinghai in succession in 1984, and built a new home in the Gobi Desert in seven town, Dunhuang. After more than ten years of construction, The oil field base has been built into a new city with wide roads, beautiful environment and perfect facilities. Since 2, enterprises have been restructured, and non-core enterprises are leaving the oil field. Because the enterprises affiliated to Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau are developing in areas with inconvenient transportation and their production costs are higher than those of other enterprises, some enterprises are now facing the transformation of production. Dunhuang should seize this favorable opportunity, actively establish close business relations with Qinghai Petroleum Administration Bureau, and open the local market in all directions. To guide these enterprises to participate in the development of Dunhuang, these enterprises are not short of funds, technology and talents, and they can get financial subsidies for technological transformation. Help these enterprises get out of the predicament by relying on Dunhuang market, so as to localize these enterprises. With the help of the scientific and technological strength of Qinghai Oilfield, the local economy is gradually diversified by combining relevant enterprises to develop mining resources and natural gas downstream industries.