On the Origin of Table Tennis
1890, several British naval officers stationed in India came across that playing tennis on a small table was quite exciting. Later, they used small hollow balls instead of elastic solid balls and wooden boards instead of rackets to write the novel on the table? Tennis match? This is the origin of the name table tennis.
Soon after its appearance, table tennis became a popular sport. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States began to produce complete sets of table tennis equipment. It is the number one grip sport in the United States, with more than 200,000 Americans playing table tennis. At first, table tennis had other names, such as indortennis. Later, an American manufacturer coined the new word Ping-Pong with the sound made when ping-pong was struck? Table tennis? Patent registered trademark. Table tennis later became another official name of table tennis. When it spread to China, people created? Table tennis? This new word.
In Japanese, table tennis is called? Table tennis? . Many words in table tennis come from tennis. The ball used for table tennis is called table tennis or table tennis, the table is called table tennis table, the table is called court, the net in the middle is called net support, and the table tennis bat is called table tennis bat.
Table tennis singles usually adopt two wins in three games or two wins in five games (2 1 minute per game), but in 200 1, it is changed to two wins in seven games or two wins in five games (1 1 minute per game). Bureau? English has been decided. Serving is called serving.
Table tennis originated in England, but Europeans still call it? Tennis on the table? It can be seen that table tennis developed from tennis. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, tennis was all the rage in Europe. However, due to the limitation of venue and weather, some college students in Britain move tennis indoors, using the dining table as a table, books as a net, parchment as a racket and playing around the dining table.
At the beginning of the 20th century, table tennis flourished in Europe and Asia. From 65438 to 0926, an international table tennis invitational tournament was held in Berlin, Germany, which was later regarded as the first world table tennis championship and the International Table Tennis Federation was established.
The extensive development of table tennis has greatly improved rackets and balls. The original racket was a slightly processed board, and later someone put a layer of sheepskin on it. With the development of modern industry, Europeans put rubber with rubber particles on rackets. In the early 1950s, the Japanese invented the thick sponge racket. The original ball was a rubber ball similar to tennis. 1890, British athlete Gibb brought back some celluloid balls from America as table tennis toys.
In all kinds of table tennis competitions. The most famous is the World Table Tennis Championships, which was originally held once a year. After 1957, it was changed to biennial.
The reform of table tennis
From 65438 to 0927, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) was formally established and decided to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. The development of table tennis has roughly gone through three stages. In the early days, although the rackets used by athletes were of different shapes, they were all made of wood. The ball bounces slowly and weakly, and there is no spinning skill. Playing ball is also very simple, that is, pushing the ball between the two.
65438-0936, the 10th World Table Tennis Championships was held in Prague, Hungary, and there was an amazing situation in the competition. Men's team championships were held in Romania and Austria. The game starts at 2 1 on Sunday. There are three chippers on each side of the clinker. Because of the same style of play and similar level, both of them adopted mushroom tactics, refused to stumble easily and tried to win from their opponents' mistakes. Is the game until 3 o'clock or 2: 2? According to local regulations, public places must be closed at 3 o'clock, which led to the intervention of the police. In the end, Austria won with 3 1 5-4.
1903, an Englishman Goodall invented the rubber racket, which strongly promoted the development of table tennis technology. From 1926 to 195 1, most players around the world use rubber bats with cylindrical particles on their surfaces. When hitting the ball, the elasticity and friction increase, which can make the ball rotate to a certain extent, so the defensive style of cutting off the rotating ball appears. This style of play has been popular in Europe for a long time, and many athletes have won the world championship with this style of play. The advantage of table tennis in this period was in Europe, among which Hungary scored the most outstanding. In the 1 17 world champions, they won 57 times, accounting for half of the European team. But this racket can only be used for backspin. Everyone is here, dawdling, even if you win the championship, it doesn't make sense.
In the early 1950s, the Austrian invented the sponge racket, and the Japanese athletes' morality was used in world competitions, winning four championships in the 19 World Championships in one fell swoop, breaking the monopoly position of European athletes. Because Japanese players used this racket to create a long-range attack style, which has the advantages of strong forehand attack, high speed and great threat to serve and attack, and gradually replaced the European defense style with slow speed, weak rotation and weak attack, Japan won the advantage of table tennis in the 1950 s. From 1952 to 1959, Japan won 24 sub-world champions. This is the first big improvement in table tennis.
From 65438 to 0959, after Rong Guotuan won the men's singles championship in the 25th World Table Tennis Championships, China athletes began to enter the international table tennis arena. Gradually formed? Quick, accurate, tough, change? For the technical style of backhand near-table fast break. 196 1 At the 26th World Championships, China not only passed Europe, but also defeated distant teams to draw and add secret weapons? Loop ball? The Japanese player who played the competition won the men's team world championship for the first time. And won the 27th and 28th men's team championships in succession. The advantage of China's near-table fast break is its close position, high speed, flexible action and free use of forehand and backhand, which is a great progress compared with Japanese long-distance draw. In 1960s, China's table tennis skills were in the forefront of the world, and its advantages were transferred from Japan to China. This is the second big improvement in table tennis.
With the development of table tennis in Japan and China, European athletes have learned from their failures. After nearly 20 years of hard work, they finally created an advanced style of play that suits them, that is, the combination of loop ball and fast break. The representative figures are Hungarian Crampa and Jonel. The combination of fast break and loop ball is based on forehand and backhand fast break as the main technique, backhand fast break as the initiative and forehand loop ball as the scoring means. Representative figures are Gehlsen of Sweden and Olovsky of Czech Republic. These two styles of play are characterized by strong landing point, fast speed, strong pulling and hitting ability, low pulling and high hitting, and large room for manoeuvre. Table tennis has developed to a new height, and its position and speed are closely combined. This is the third big improvement in table tennis.
Since the 1970s, due to the strengthening of international exchanges and learning, various styles of play complement each other, so that table tennis technology has been developed and improved faster. For example, China's near-table fast break, straight-shot fast break combined with loop ball, and horizontal-shot fast break combined with loop ball have all developed and innovated, and achieved excellent results in international competitions. The International Table Tennis Federation has 186 member associations and is one of the largest sports organizations in the world.
Starting from 1982, the decision of the International Olympic Committee to list table tennis as an official Olympic sport from 1988 has promoted the faster development of table tennis.
? Little ball? Change? Big ball?
In the early 1980s, after the China team won seven championships in the 36th World Table Tennis Championships, some people put forward the suggestion of increasing table tennis and nets, but this suggestion didn't get people's attention. Since then, the technology of table tennis has been developing continuously, and the ball speed is getting faster and faster, and the rotation is getting stronger and stronger. Many athletes have fewer rounds against each other; Sometimes the ball flies like lightning before the audience can see it clearly, and the outcome has been decided, which weakens the interest of table tennis fans.
1999 At the ITTF Congress held during the 45th World Table Tennis Championships, did the big ball reform? The proposal was shelved because it did not get a three-quarters majority. On February 23, 2000, ITTF Special Congress and Congress passed the reform plan of 40mm ball in Kuala Lumpur, and decided to use 40mm ball with a weight of 2. 7g instead of the 38mm ball of 5438+1 October1in June 2000.
Other changes in table tennis
In addition, what reforms have been made in table tennis? Implement? 1 1? Replace? 2 1 scale,? Open serve? . Officially implemented from September 1 2008? Glue ban? Replace it with inorganic glue. Solvent glue with volatiles is usually called organic glue or dry glue. Its main components are viscous colloid and organic solvent. The latter refers to a chemical solvent with low toxicity and poor volatility, which can dissolve adhesive colloid and contain toxic components such as toluene and xylene. ITTF has certain restrictions on toxic components in glue. Organic glue can increase the elasticity of sponge and improve the hitting speed. Every athlete needs to brush his racket with glue several times before the competition, which is also regarded as an indispensable weapon in table tennis. Inorganic glue is colorless and tasteless, and its dilution is similar to that of water, which will not increase the elasticity of sponge. It only needs to be brushed once, and the bottom plate of this glue is easy to clean without leaving any residue.
China Table Tennis Road
Table tennis was introduced to China from Japan. At first, Wang Daoping, the owner of a stationery store in Shanghai Sima Road, bought 10 sets of table tennis equipment from Japan and performed in the store. Therefore, more and more people buy and play table tennis, and this activity has been promoted in major cities. At that time, the table tennis racket was a wooden racket with a smooth surface, so it was difficult to make the ball rotate, so there were only two ways to play it: push and pull.