1:
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has created many railway historical records in China and even the world
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, known as the "roof of the world", was put into trial operation today and set a new record Many records in the history of railways in China and even the world.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers from Xining to Lhasa, is the highest plateau railway in the world with the longest line and the harshest climate conditions.
In this most challenging engineering project on the world's plateau, Chinese railway builders have cracked and overcome the severe challenges of the "three major problems" of permafrost, alpine hypoxia and ecological fragility.
Since the construction of the Golmud-Lhasa section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started on June 29, 2001, the Ministry of Railways has gradually advanced from north to south, constructed in sections, and laid track in sections. Construction started on the section from Golmud to Wangkun in one year, and the world's largest plateau railway laying base was built at Nanshan Pass. The construction of the frozen soil engineering test section began, and the first battle was successful;
In 2002, the construction of the Tanggula Mountains and beyond The northern permafrost project and some key projects in the Tibet section were constructed, and track laying reached Wangkun Station, making key breakthroughs;
In 2003, the "no man's land" cross-ridge section of Tanggula Mountain and the project south of Tanggula Mountain were launched. Construction, the bridge and tunnel roadbed project north of Tanggula Mountain was completed, a comprehensive victory was achieved in the year of comprehensive attack, etc.
On March 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway freight train project operation test speed target reached 100 kilometers per hour. On May 1, the passenger train (not carrying passengers) project operation test speed target is 100 kilometers per hour, and in some areas it can reach 120 kilometers per hour. The speed line required to be put into trial operation on July 1 will reach 100 kilometers per hour for the frozen soil section and 120 kilometers per hour for all non-frozen soil sections.
The total investment in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway exceeds 33 billion yuan; 78.53 million cubic meters of roadbed earth and stone, 675 bridges, and nearly 16 10,000 linear meters; 2,050 culverts, 37,662 horizontal meters; seven tunnels, 9,074 linear meters.
At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has also achieved great results in permafrost research, health protection, environmental protection, quality assurance, etc.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be put into trial operation on July 1, and is expected to become a world-class plateau railway with basically "unmanned" management along the line.
2:
Shenzhen Speed ??
In 1981, just one year after its establishment, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone wanted to build a skyscraper comparable to Hong Kong. According to the design drawing, this is a 53-story (the top floor is a revolving restaurant, later known as the famous "Deng Gong Hall") skyscraper with a height of 150 meters. What is the concept of layer 53? In 1981, the tallest building in the country was the Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, which was 37 stories high.
In order to meet the construction deadline, the contractor China Construction Third Engineering Bureau decided to adopt the "sliding form solution". At that time, there was no domestic precedent for using the sliding form method entirely on such a tall building. China Construction Third Engineering Bureau's "sliding form" tests failed one after another. In September 1983, the project party A, Shenzhen Property Company, issued an ultimatum. Fortunately, China Construction Third Engineering Bureau had found the cause of the failure and the test was successful soon. After that, the construction became more and more smooth, creating an architectural miracle of "one floor in three days". On April 30, 1984, the Guomao Building was officially completed.
"Shenzhen speed" not only refers to the speed of construction, but also refers to the ultra-high-speed development of Shenzhen during its entrepreneurial period. From the 1980s to the 1990s, around Xiaoping's southern tour, Shenzhen was in its entrepreneurial period. During this period, the city's GDP grew at an average annual rate of about 35%, exceeding 10 billion in 9 years and 50 billion in 5 years. .
1995
Second Entrepreneurship
After 1992, with the full flowering of reform and opening up, Shenzhen’s advantages became less and less obvious. The saying “special zones are not special” came into being. On December 24, 1992, the front page of Guangming Daily published "The whole country is developing, what should Shenzhen do?" "Long article.
In 1994, a debate about special policies broke out. Scholar Hu Angang wrote an article and pointed out that fair competition is one of the basic principles of the modern market economic system. The central government cannot take the lead in implementing preferential policies or providing monopolies to certain areas. He advocated the elimination of various tax exemptions and preferential policies. Shenzhen immediately fought back, and the debate lasted for a year and a half.
The Second Party Congress of Shenzhen held in 1995 issued a call for "secondary entrepreneurship" to the people of the city. Shenzhen has proposed a basic policy for industrial adjustment, which is a development policy with high-tech industry as the forerunner, advanced industry as the foundation, and the tertiary industry as the pillar.
2005
Benefits Shenzhen
On January 13, 2005, Shenzhen held the 11th plenary (enlarged) meeting of the third municipal committee and proposed to completely abandon According to the traditional development concept, in the next 25 years, we must contribute the "Effective Shenzhen" development model to the country and achieve a historic leap from "Speed ??Shenzhen" to "Effective Shenzhen".
Shenzhen bravely reveals itself. At present, Shenzhen's development has been obviously restricted by the "four unsustainable problems". If the development model is not changed, an environmental crisis will soon occur. Huang Liman, then secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, said that Shenzhen would no longer focus on pure GDP rankings, and would not compete with others in terms of total volume, speed, scale, or seats, but would place more emphasis on the efficiency indicators of development.
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1. The founding and development of New China and the victory in the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea
2. Great achievements in diplomacy, breaking through The situation of Western countries isolating my country
3. The return of Hong Kong and Macao
4. The development of the aerospace industry in recent years, the launch of Shenzhou spacecraft and manned spacecraft
Gas technology is becoming increasingly mature.
5. Economic and military development, and improvement of people’s living standards
6. Qinghai-Tibet Railway, South-to-North Water Diversion, West-to-East Gas Pipeline, West-to-East Gas Pipeline Electricity transmission to the east, etc.
7. There is also the joining of the WTO, the successful bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games, and the excellent results achieved in the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Athens Olympics.
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Editor's note: Since the reform and opening up, China has made great economic achievements that have attracted the attention of the world. At the same time, the construction of socialist democracy and legal system has also made great progress. The proposal of the strategy of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law gives people reason to believe that a China ruled by law will greatly promote the historical process of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Starting from today, this newspaper will launch the "Rule of Law in China" column on the first page and publish its first full article. In the future, it will publish follow-up articles on the "News·Society" page from time to time to introduce in detail China's legislative achievements, fair justice and The improvement of legal awareness in the whole society. Readers are kindly requested to pay attention.
The reform and opening up that began in the late 1970s has unleashed ancient China's long-accumulated national creativity as never before, and set China on the road to national rejuvenation. The world is astonished by the astonishing economic miracle created by this ancient Eastern country in just over 20 years. It can be said that these great achievements, which are enough to shine through the history, are largely due to the development and improvement of China's socialist democracy and legal system. Among them, the legislation of China's highest legislative body has played an important role.
As the country’s highest authority, the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee are responsible for the formulation of laws and the supervision of their implementation. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, several National People's Congresses and their Standing Committees have been committed to the construction of a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. Major aspects of the country's political life, economic life, and social life have basically been governed by laws. Reform, opening up and modernization have provided strong legal protection.
Up to now, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee*** have reviewed and adopted 430 laws and decisions on related legal issues, the State Council has issued and approved the issuance of more than 900 administrative regulations, and local people's congresses and their standing committees have formulated There are more than 9,000 local regulations.
On December 4, 1982, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress promulgated and implemented the current Constitution, which stipulated the nature of the country, the country's fundamental political system and economic system, and determined the four basic principles and reform and opening up. The basic policy of the Constitution stipulates the basic rights and obligations of citizens, the organization and responsibilities of state institutions, and affirms in the form of the fundamental law the achievements of the Communist Party of China in leading the people of all ethnic groups in China to work together.
In 1992, the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the goal of establishing and improving a socialist market economic system. Focusing on the goal of establishing and improving the socialist market economic system, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee have promptly formulated laws on regulating market entities, maintaining market order, strengthening macro-control, improving social security, and promoting opening to the outside world. Legislation in the civil, commercial and economic fields has made very significant achievements, providing important legal basis and legal protection for the establishment and healthy development of the socialist market economy.
In 1997, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to govern the country according to law and build a socialist country under the rule of law. In March 1999, the Second Session of the Ninth National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment, which incorporated the basic strategy of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country under the rule of law into the fundamental law of the country. This marks a major change in the way the Communist Party of China governs the country, from relying mainly on policies to manage social and economic affairs to relying mainly on laws.
In order to achieve the grand goal of forming a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics by 2010, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee continue to strengthen legislative work and strive to improve the quality of legislation.
In order to protect citizens’ democratic rights and expand grassroots democracy, China has formulated the Election Law, the Law on Assemblies and Processions and Demonstrations, the State Compensation Law, the Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees, the Organic Law of Urban Residents’ Committees, etc.; at the same time, it has formulated laws aimed at The Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, the Law on the Protection of Minors, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, etc., which protect special groups in society.
In terms of state institutions, China has formulated the Organic Law of the National People's Congress, the Organic Law of the State Council, the Organic Law of the Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at All Levels, the Organic Law of the People's Courts, and the Organic Law of the People's Procuratorates. As well as the Representative Law, the National People's Congress Rules of Procedure, the National People's Congress Standing Committee Rules of Procedure, the Judges Law, the Prosecutors Law, etc.
In terms of civil law, China has successively formulated the General Principles of Civil Law, Contract Law, Guarantee Law, Rural Land Contract Law, Trademark Law, Patent Law, Copyright Law, Marriage Law, Inheritance Law, Adoption Law, etc.; it has established the The natural person system, legal person system, agency system, prescription system, ownership system, creditor's rights system, intellectual property system, personal system, relative and inheritance system.
In addition to formulating laws to regulate market entities, maintain market order, strengthen macroeconomic control, protect and rationally develop and utilize natural resources, basic industries and key industries, and finance, China also adapts to the expansion of opening-up, Taking advantage of the needs of foreign investment and promoting foreign trade, the Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise law, the Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise law, the foreign-invested enterprise law, the import and export commodity inspection law, the entry and exit animal and plant quarantine law, the foreign-invested enterprise and foreign enterprise income tax law, Foreign trade law, customs law, etc.
In terms of regulating the administrative powers of administrative agencies and strengthening internal supervision of administrative agencies, China has formulated the Administrative Punishment Law, the Administrative Supervision Law, and the Administrative Reconsideration Law.
In terms of promoting social civilization and progress, China has formulated the Education Law, the Compulsory Education Law, the Vocational Education Law, the Higher Education Law, the Teachers Law, the Science and Technology Progress Law, the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, and the Protection of Cultural Relics. Law, Maternal and Infant Health Care Law, Drug Administration Law, Food Hygiene Law, Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases Law, Practicing Physician Law, Sports Law, etc.
In terms of protecting ecology and the environment and implementing sustainable development strategies, China has formulated the Environmental Protection Law, the Marine Environmental Protection Law, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and the Solid Waste Law. Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law, etc.
In terms of labor and social security, the Trade Union Law and Labor Law, which aim to protect the rights and interests of workers, and the Mine Safety Law, Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law, and Safety Production Law, which aim to strengthen labor safety protection, have been formulated.
In terms of criminal law, in 1997 the National People's Congress comprehensively revised the Criminal Law enacted in 1979, forming a relatively complete criminal code.
In terms of litigation and non-litigation procedures, China has formulated the Civil Procedure Law, the Criminal Procedure Law, the Administrative Procedure Law, the Special Maritime Procedure Law, the Extradition Law and the Arbitration Law. Among them, the Civil Procedure Law and the Criminal Procedure Law were revised as necessary in 1991 and 1996 respectively after more than 10 years of judicial practice. The Administrative Litigation Law has improved the legal system of "people suing officials". The relatively complete legal system of litigation and non-litigation procedures provides an important guarantee for the fair implementation of substantive law and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties.
After the unremitting efforts of several National People’s Congresses and their Standing Committees, China has initially established a system including the Constitution and laws related to the Constitution, civil and commercial law, administrative law, economic law, criminal law, social law and procedural law7 The comprehensive legal system has laid a solid foundation for governing the country according to law, building a socialist country under the rule of law, and achieving the goal of forming a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics by 2010.
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The majestic Great Wall is our pride. It has a history of more than 2,000 years. It can be seen from the universe when you look at the earth with the naked eye. Seeing the Great Wall is like seeing our motherland. The Great Wall hides the great soul of the Chinese nation. It is the most spectacular project. Towering peaks and rolling Yangtze River. . . . . . They are all great rivers and mountains for us. Because of this, the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing. In order to welcome this holy day, people built bird's nests and water cubes. . . , the appearance of the Water Cube is like water ripples. Looking at it, you feel like you are in the ocean. The bird's nest is created by frequent avenues. These avenues were left to us by Deng Jiaxian and Yang Liwei. They hope that we can create better miracles than them.
However, behind the prosperous China there is a troubled motherland. Foreign troops broke into our country and sold opium to defraud the Chinese people of their silver. Lin Zexu launched an anti-smoking campaign to save the country, but it aroused the dissatisfaction of foreign troops and war broke out. Many patriots couldn't bear it anymore and launched a national salvation movement. In the long-term war against foreign enemies, many heroes emerged, and Zhao Yiman was one of them.
Zhao Yiman joined the Communist Party of China at the age of 22 and served as the political commissar of the Second Regiment of the Third Army. In November, the second regiment was besieged in the mountains by the Japanese army. The regiment leader asked Zhao Yiman to lead the troops to break out, but she said decisively: "I will cover, you are the regiment leader, you lead the team to leave first!" Zhao Yiman was seriously injured in order to cover the evacuation of the troops, and was captured in a coma. The Japanese army tried every means to force Zhao Yiman to reveal the Communist Party's battle plan, but she just scolded the enemy: "You can turn the entire village into rubble, and you can chop people into mud, but you can never eliminate them. Communist Party members' beliefs!" Knowing that Zhao Yiman would not reveal any clues, the enemy decided to kill her. On the eve of her execution, Zhao Yiman thought of her son, whom she had never taken care of and sold to others, and left him a letter. She sang "The Internationale" and shouted: "Down with Japanese imperialism!"