Suining City is located in the middle of Sichuan Basin and the middle reaches of Fujiang River. It is 90.3 kilometers wide from east to west and 108.9 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 5,300 square kilometers. It is adjacent to Chongqing, Guang 'an and Nanchong in the east, Chengdu in the west, Neijiang and Ziyang in the south, Deyang and Mianyang in the north and equidistant from Chengdu and Chongqing. The easternmost point is Zhu Hua Temple in Pengxi County, and the westernmost point is Xinghua Reservoir in Bian He Town, Daying County, which is about 90.3 kilometers long from east to west. The southernmost part is Qingshangou, Daan Township, Anju District, and the northernmost part is Qinglongzui, fuxing town, Shehong County, with a north-south distance of about109.8km. Fujiang River runs through the whole territory from north to south, 17 1 km.

Suining is a hilly and low mountain area in the middle of Sichuan Basin, with simple geological structure and gentle folds. The landform type is single, belonging to the eroded hilly landform formed by the erosion, cutting and accumulation of flowing water in Mesozoic and Jurassic strata. Hills account for about 70% of the city's total area, valleys and terraces account for 25%, low mountains account for 5%, and the altitude is between 300 and 600 meters. Seen from the air, the terrain in the territory has three obvious characteristics: first, it is dominated by hills, with narrow flat dams and obvious bedding; Second, the terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and it gently slopes from northwest to southeast; Third, the valleys are criss-crossed. The northwest of the city is a low mountain with an altitude of 500 ~ 600 meters; South of the low mountain is a deep mountain with an altitude of 400 ~ 500 meters; The south-central shallow hills are embedded in it, and the valley slope is steep. The mountain is shaped like the back of a bearded fish; The mound in the middle is a step with ridges and hills; Shallow hills are gentle in slope, beaded between hills, and scattered alluvial flat dams are scattered among hills. The valleys and peace dams along the Fujiang River are very wide.

The rocks in Suining City are mainly limestone in the lower part and purple sand and mudstone in the upper part. Therefore, Suining area is also called "red land".

Suining City is located in the Asian monsoon region and belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate in Sichuan Basin. The climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant, the four seasons are distinct, and the monsoon climate is remarkable. Warm winter and early spring with long frost-free period. It is hot in summer with the same season of rain and heat, which provides sufficient light, heat and water conditions for crops in Da Chun, but drought and flood alternate. It is rainy in autumn, foggy in winter, less sunshine and high humidity. The frost-free period is as long as 283~300 days. The climate difference between Fujiang river basin and hilly area is obvious. The annual average temperature for many years is 16.7 ~ 17.4℃, the annual extreme maximum temperature is 39.5℃ ~ 40.4℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature in the whole city is -3.8 ~-4.8℃, and the annual average rainfall for many years is 887.3 ~ 927.6 mm, which is 867.7 mm different from the minimum rainfall. Annual average sunshine hours1300.4 ~1328.1hour, annual average evaporation 910.7 ~128.3 mm, annual average air relative humidity 80 ~ 82%. There are foggy days all year round, with more autumn and winter and less spring and summer.

There are many small and medium rivers in Suining. There are 15 rivers with a basin area exceeding 100 square kilometers, including Fujiang, Qiongjiang, Laopo, Zijiang, Qinggang and Pengxi rivers. Fujiang River is 660 kilometers long, and Suining 17 1 km. The tributaries of Fujiang River are dendritic, with a drainage area of 5 127.4 square kilometers, accounting for 96.29% of the city's area.