Popular domain names can be divided into international domain and domestic domain names. The main difference between the two is the difference in domain name division and management organization. To explain what international domain is and what domestic domain names are, we should start with the domain name system. At present, there are three types of top-level domains in the domain name system on the Internet: category top-level domains, regional top-level domains and new top-level domains. Domain names in international domain and China have different suffixes to represent the industry characteristics of domain names.
Domain names with different suffixes have different meanings. At present, the most popular domain names can be divided into international domain and domestic domain names. The main difference between the two is the difference in domain name division and management organization. To explain what international domain is and what domestic domain names are, we should start with the domain name system. At present, there are three types of top-level domains in the domain name system on the Internet: category top-level domains, regional top-level domains and new top-level domains. They are described as follows:
The first category is the category top-level domain name, with seven * * *, which is now commonly known as international domain. Because the Internet originated in the United States, the earliest domain name had no national logo. People divide them into several categories according to their uses, and they end with different suffixes:. Com (for commercial companies); . Net (for network services); . Org (used to organize associations, etc. ); . Gov (for government departments); . Edu (educational institution); . Mil (used in military field); . Int (for international organizations). The original domain name system was mainly used in the United States, so American enterprises, institutions and government departments all used "international domain". With the global development of Internet. edu。 The government and. Mil is generally only used in the United States, while the other three commonly used domain names,. com，。 Org and. Net, has been used all over the world, so this domain name is usually called "international domain" and is still used by countries all over the world.
The second category is geographical top-level domain names, such as * * * with 243 country and region codes. CN stands for China, and. UK stands for Britain (see the suffix of top-level geographical domain names in global countries/regions for details). In this way, with. CN suffix is called "domestic domain name" accordingly.
Similar to international domain's suffix naming, in. Cn top-level domain name mainly includes category domain and administrative region. This is the so-called second-level domain name: you can register a third-level domain name under the second-level domain name, for example. Com.cn or ... Net.cn, and the third-level domain names can be divided into two categories: category domain names and administrative domain names.
Category domain name is a domain name divided according to the nature of the applicant, including:
AC scientific research institutions
COM industrial, commercial, financial and other enterprises
EDU educational institutions
GOV government department
NET internet, connected to the network information center (NIC) and operation center (NOC).
ORG various non-profit organizations.
The domain names of administrative divisions are divided according to China's administrative divisions, and the division standards are determined according to the national standards issued by the former State Bureau of Technical Supervision, including 34 "domain names of administrative divisions", which are applicable to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. For example, institutions in Beijing can choose a domain name like cnnic.bj.cn.
The administrative domain names of the 34 top-level domains in China are:
BJ- Beijing; SH- Shanghai; TJ- Tianjin;
CQ- Chongqing; He-Hebei Province; SX- Shaanxi province;
NM- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Ln-Liaoning province; JL- Jilin Province;
HL- Heilongjiang Province; JS- Jiangsu province; ZJ- Zhejiang Province;
Ah-Anhui Province; FJ- Fujian province; JX- Jiangxi Province;
SD- Shandong Province; Ha-Henan province; HB- Hubei province;
HN- Hunan Province; GD- Guangdong Province; GX- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;
Hi-Hainan Province; SC- Sichuan Province; GZ- Guizhou province;
YN- Yunnan province; XZ- Xizang Autonomous Region; Sn-in Shaanxi Province;
GS- Gansu province; QH- Qinghai province; NX- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region;
XJ- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region;
TW- Taiwan Province Province; Hong Kong-Hong Kong; Macau mo.
In addition, from June 5438+February 2002, cnNIC opened the second-level domain name registration in China. CN domain name, can be directly registered in. CN domain name. For example, the domain name registered by Time Marketing in China is emarketer.cn.
The third type of top-level domain name, the so-called "new top-level domain name", is an international top-level domain name that ICANN decided to use from 200 1 according to the needs of Internet development, and it also includes seven categories: biz, info, Name, pro, aero, coop and museum. Among them, the first four are unrestricted domains and the last three are restricted domains. For example, aero needs to be registered as an airline, museum needs to be registered as a museum, and coop needs to be registered as a collective enterprise (not controlled by investors, not maximizing profits). The meanings of these seven top-level domains and their registration agencies are as follows:
SITA is responsible for Aero, which is dedicated to air transportation;
. Biz, it can be replaced. Com, supervised by JVTeam; ;
. Coop, dedicated to commercial cooperatives, is managed by the National Cooperative Business Association (NCBA) in Washington, DC;
. Info, it can be replaced. Net, which is under the responsibility of Afilias jointly established by 19 Internet domain name registration companies;
. Museums, which are exclusively used by museums and supervised by the Museum Domain Name Management Association (MDMA);
. Name, a private domain name for personal websites, is under the responsibility of the British Global Names Registry;
. Dear, doctor and lawyer, etc. The regulator is the online domain name company "RegistryPro Pro" in Dublin, Ireland.
Background information about why ICANN added seven new domain names:
Since the advent of the Internet in the 1980s. com，。 Net and. Org has always been the three most popular top-level domains for businesses and consumers. Especially. Com domain name occupies more than 80% of the generic top-level domain. For many years, NSI has monopolized the registration and management of these three domain names for a long time. 1999, ICANN and the U.S. Department of Commerce ended this monopoly situation and introduced a competition mechanism at the registrar level. However, the competition at the registry level is still insufficient, resulting in no obvious improvement in the DNS system for many years. In June 2000 +065438+ 10, seven new top-level domain name registration authorities were also elected. NSI has nothing to do with other major new domain name registries, except a small share in INFO domain name registry. In this way, the launch of the new top-level domain name will introduce a competitive mechanism in the registry industry. The new registration center has improved in technology and operation mechanism, such as: changing the current situation that WHOIS is scattered in various registration centers and realizing the same WHOIS; Globally, domain name information (regional files) and WHOIS queries can be updated within 5 minutes, while in the past, it took 24 to 48 hours. COM domain; Higher system redundancy, security and strict authentication. It seems to be aware of the severe challenges brought by the new domain name Verisign Global Registry Service (merged with NSI in 2000). COM domain name, and proposes to invest 200 million US dollars to strengthen its infrastructure construction in the next few years. The. com domain in the new contract submitted to ICANN (the new contract was formally approved by ICANN on April 2, 20001).
After reading these introductions about top-level domain names and domestic domain name suffixes, we can find that many domain name resources can be used, but for commercial companies, the most commonly used domain name is still. Com domain name, domestic enterprises or foreign companies with domestic business are generally registered. Com.cn domain name at the same time. Since the development and registration. Cn second-level domain name, domestic websites seem to prefer to use it. Cn domain name.