The Song Dynasty was a new stage in the development of China's feudal society. Agriculture, handicrafts, commerce and other aspects showed a situation of continuous development, which greatly promoted the development of science and technology in the Song Dynasty. The development of science and technology, in turn, greatly promoted the prosperity of agriculture, handicrafts and commercial trade in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the whole social economy in the Song Dynasty developed further than that in the Tang Dynasty. For example, in agriculture, due to the change of exploitation mode and exploitation form, farmers have changed from handmaiden and Ministry to tenant farmers, and their personal attachment to landlords has been relatively eased, and their enthusiasm for production has been improved. They opened up land. Improve farming techniques and crop varieties, so agricultural production has made great progress than in the Tang Dynasty. According to research, the total annual grain output in the Tang Dynasty was 59.5 billion Jin, and the per capita grain was about 1, Jin. In the Song Dynasty, the total annual grain output reached 128.4 billion Jin, and the per capita grain was about 1,3 Jin. "Food is the most important thing for the people", and the improvement and increase of grain output provide the necessary conditions for academic activities for talent groups specializing in academic research. The reason is very simple. Only when people have enough food and clothing can they study and create a knowledgeable talent group. On the other hand, if people have no food and clothing, it will be very difficult to cultivate academic talents. In addition, movable type printing, one of the three great inventions that marked the highest level and achievements of science and technology in Song Dynasty, was widely used to engrave books, which provided an important medium and channel for the transmission of academic ideas, thus enabling the academic ideas and opinions of various schools to be stored, accumulated and spread. In a word, the developed material civilization in Song Dynasty provided a rich material foundation for the development and promotion of spiritual civilization in Song Dynasty.

The policy of coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism was implemented in the Song Dynasty, which made the extensive exchanges between the three schools of culture and thought, which had been in contact as far back as the Eastern Han Dynasty, open and legal. This theory of different ideological systems caused by different historical and geographical factors will inevitably lead to unilateral or mutual cultural changes in this particular social environment of the Song Dynasty. In particular, Confucianism, which has a tradition of more than 1 years, not only kept its own "genetic genes" but also digested and absorbed the philosophical nutrients of Buddhism and Taoism, thus constructing the ideological system of Neo-Confucianism and the factions of Lian, Guan, Luo, Min, Hu Xiang and Xin Xue, which made the Song Dynasty academic colorful and reached an unprecedented level. In addition, after the Jin Dynasty occupied the north and the Central Plains, it forced the Song Dynasty to cross the south, and a large number of northerners and intellectuals moved from the Central Plains to the south of the Yangtze River, supplementing the labor force lacking in the south and bringing advanced culture and science and technology. This forced migration objectively enhanced the cultural vitality. They spread cultural seeds with the traditions of the Central Plains in the economic and political soil of the south of the Yangtze River, which not only meant the accumulation and accumulation of talents and information. At the same time, it also means that people from different regions and at different levels, through political, economic, cultural and life contacts and frictions, have bred new cultural seedlings that have both the cultural characteristics of the Central Plains and the charm of Jiangnan water towns. Lu Xue, the philology of the Central Plains, is a typical representative of this culture.

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